JOHNS UNIVERSITY HOPKINS CIRCULARS Pu 1b/is/ied wit/i t/ze approbation of the Board of Trustees VOL. YI.—No. 58.] BALTIMORE, JULY, 1887. [PRICE,10 CENTS. PROGRAMMES FOR 188 7-88. The following courses in literature and science are offered for the academic year which begins October 1, 1887. They are open to properly qualified young men according to conditions varying somewhat in each department. Detailed state- inents as to the different subjects are given in the programmes of the departments of instruction on subsequent pages. The Annual Register giving full statements as to the regulations and work of the University will be sent on application. D. C. GILMAN, President of the Johns Hopkins University. B. 1. GILDERSLEEVE, Professor of Greek. (a) will direct the Greek Seminary (Greek Historians). Twice weekly. (b) will conduct a course of Practical Exercises in Greek. Twice weekly, from October to January. (c) Will lecture on Greek Syntax. Weekly, from October to Jan- uary; twice weekly, after January 1. (d) will conduct courses in Plato, Phaedo (first half-year); Aesehylus and Sophokles (second half-year). Four times weekly. 0. STANLEY HALL, Professor of Psychology and Pedagogics. (a) will direct the Laboratory and Seminary Work in Psycho- Physics and lecture twice weekly on Psychology. (b) will lecture weekly on Philosophy and Ethics and direct the work of the Historico-Ethical Seminary. (c) will conduct a course in Pedagogy. (d) will conduct the undergraduate course in Psychology. PAUL HAUPT, Professor of Shemitic Languages. (a) Hebrew (through the year); Biblical Aramean (first half- year); Syriac for beginners (second half-year); Arabic (through the year). Weekly. (b) Assyrian (first half-year); Sumero-Akkadian (second half- year); Babylonian (through the year). Weekly. (c) special course in Assyriology and Ethiopic. Daily during January. H. N. MARTIN, Professor of Biology. (a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Biology. Daily. (b) will lecture on General Biology (till April) and the Embry- ology of the Chick (from April till close of session). Three times weekly. (c) will lecture on selected topics in Physiology. SIMON NEWCOMB, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. (a) Astronomical Seminary. (b) Spherical and Practical Astronomy. Twice weekly. (c) Dioptrics and the Theory of Measuring Instruments. Twice weekly, second half-year. IRA REMSEN, Professor of Chemistry. (a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Chemistry. (b) will lecture on Advanced Organic Chemistry and Theories of Chemistry to advanced students. (c) General Chemistry. Daily. (d) Introduction to Compounds of Carbon. Twice weekly. H. A. ROWLAND, Professor of Physics. (a) will direct the Work of the Physical Laboratory. (b) Thermodynamics, Heat Conduction, and Physical Optics. Four times weekly. WILLIAM H. WELCH, Professor of Pathology. (a) will direct the Work of the Pathological Laboratory. (b) will lecture on Pathology. H. B. ADAMS, Associate Professor of History. (a) Seminary of American History and Politics. Weekly. (b) History of Politics. Twice weekly. (c) Elements of International Law. Twice weekly. (d) will direct the undergraduate courses in History, with assistance. M. BLOOM FIELD, Associate Professor of Sanskrit. (a) Sanskrit Seminary (Atharva-Veda). Weekly. (b) Sanskrit: Elementary and Advanced. Each twice weekly. (c) General Principles of Comparative Philology; Comparative Greek Grammar. Each weekly. W. K. BROOKS, Associate Professor of Morphology. (a) will direct the Work of the Marine Laboratory. (b) will lecture on the Elements of Zodlogy. Twice weekly from early in November. (c) will conduct a course in Animal Morphology. T. CRAIG, Associate Professor of Applied Mathematics. (a) Mathematical Seminary. Weekly. (b) Theory of Functions, Hydrodynamics (first half-year), Dif- ferential Equations (second half-year). Each three times weekly.
PROGRAMMES FOR 188 7-88.The following coursesin literatureand scienceare offered for the academicyear which beginsOctober1, 1887. They
are open to properly qualified young men according to conditions varying somewhatin eachdepartment. Detailedstate-inents as to the different subjectsare given in the programmesof the departmentsof instructionon subsequentpages. TheAnnual Register giving full statementsas to the regulationsand work of the University will be sent on application.
D. C. GILMAN,Presidentof the JohnsHopkins University.
B. 1. GILDERSLEEVE, Professorof Greek.(a) will direct the GreekSeminary(GreekHistorians). Twice
IRA REMSEN, Professorof Chemistry.(a) will direct the LaboratoryWork in Chemistry.(b) will lectureon AdvancedOrganicChemistryand Theories
of Chemistryto advancedstudents.(c) GeneralChemistry. Daily.(d) Introductionto Compoundsof Carbon. Twice weekly.
H. A. ROWLAND, Professorof Physics.(a) will directtheWork of thePhysicalLaboratory.(b) Thermodynamics,Heat Conduction,and PhysicalOptics.
Four timesweekly.
WILLIAM H. WELCH, Professorof Pathology.(a) will directtheWork of the PathologicalLaboratory.(b) will lectureon Pathology.
H. B. ADAMS, AssociateProfessorof History.(a) Seminaryof AmericanHistoryandPolitics. Weekly.(b) History of Politics. Twiceweekly.(c) Elementsof InternationalLaw. Twiceweekly.(d) will direct the undergraduatecourses in History, with
W. K. BROOKS, AssociateProfessorof Morphology.(a) will directthe Work of theMarineLaboratory.(b) will lectureon the Elementsof Zodlogy. Twice weeklyfrom
early in November.(c) will conducta coursein Animal Morphology.
T. CRAIG, AssociateProfessorofAppliedMathematics.(a) MathematicalSeminary. Weekly.(b) Theoryof Functions,Hydrodynamics(first half-year),Dif-
(c) Abelian Functions,Elliptic Functions. Each twiceweekly.(d) LinearDifferentialEquations. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.
A. M. ELLIOTT, AssociateProfessorof RomanceLanguages.will give advancedcoursesin theRomanceLanguages,includ-
ing Modern FrenchPhonetics,Old FrenchPhilology, Com-parativeRomancePhilology, Langued’Oil Dialects,ItalianPhilology, Old French Pakeography,SeminaryWork, etc.
R. T. ELY, AssociateProfessorof Political Economy.(a) Financein StatesandMunicipalities. Threetimesweekly.(b) Elementsof Political EconomyandModernFinancialand
Social Topics. Daily.
G. H. EMMOTT, AssociateProfessorof Logic and Ethics,andLec-turer on RomanLaw.
(a) HistoryoftheEnglishLaw of RealProperty. Twiceweekly.(b) Undergraduateclassesin Logic andEthics.
H. N. MORSE, AssociateProfessorof Chemistry.(a) will assistin directing theLaboratoryWork in Chemistry.(b) will lectureon StoichiometryandInorganicChemistry.
W. E. STORY, AssociateProfessorof Mathematics.(a) MathematicalSeminary. Weekly.(b) IntroductoryCoursefor Graduates. [Two sections]. Daily.(a) AdvancedCoursein AnalyticGeometry. Threetimesweekly.(d) Linear AssociativeAlgebra (first half-year), Algebraical
Logic (secondhalf-year). Twice weekly.
M. WARREN, AssociateProfessorof Latin.(a) will conducttheLatin Seminary(Terence). Twice weekly.(b) will lectureon RomanComedy(PlautusandTerence),etc.
First half-year.(c) Conferenceson Latin Syntax (first half-year); Latin Epi-
graphy, etc. (secondhalf-year); Aulus Gellius (secondhalf-year). Eachweekly.
(d) Select Letters of Pliny; SelectSatires of Juvenal; etc.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.
(e) ReadingLatin at Sight. Weekly.
G. H. WILLIAMS, AssociateProfessorof Mineralogy.(a) will directtheLaboratoryWork in Crystallography,Physical
Mineralogy, andMicroscopicalPetrography.(b) will lectureon GeneralMineralogy. Threetimesweekly.(c) will lectureon PetrographyandInorganicGeology. Twice
weekly.(d) will give elementaryinstruction in Crystallographyand
Mineralogy.
H. WOOD, AssociateProfessorof German.(a) will direct theEnglish Seminary.(b) will direct theTeutonicSeminary.(c) will give advancedcoursesin Gothic, Old Norse,Middle
High German,GermanLiterature,etc.(d) will direct, with assistance,the undergraduatecoursesin
German.
W. HAND BROWNE, Associatein English.(a) Elizabethan,FourteenthandNineteenthCenturyWriters,
and Early ScottishLiterature. Four timesweekly.(b) SynopticalStudy of EnglishLiterature. Twiceweekly.
W. T. COUNCILMAN, Associatein Pathology.will assistin theLaboratoryWork in Pathology.
L. DUNCAN, Associatein Electricity.will direct thespecialcoursein Electricity andMagnetism.
H. H. DONALDSON, Associatein Psychology.(a) will assistin theLaboratoryWork in Psycho-Physics.(b) will lectureon theAnatomyof theNervousSystem. Weekly.
F. FRANKLIN, Associatein Mathematics.(a) Problemsin Mechanics. Twiceweekly.(b) Differential and Integral Calculus (Advanced Course).
Threetimesweekly,first half-year.(c) Solid Analytic Geometry. Twiceweekly.(d) First year’sundergraduatecoursein Mathematics. Daily.
E. M. HARTWELL, Associatein Ph*ysical Training.will havechargeof theGymnasiumand direct thecoursesin
PhysicalCulture.
W. H. HOWELL, Associatein Biology.(a) will assistin theLaboratoryWork in Biology.(b) will teachclassesin MammalianAnatomy,VertebrateHis-
tology, andAnimal Physiology.
J. F. JAMESON, Associatein history.(a) The Modern Historians; History of the United States.
Each weekly.(b) will teachundergraduateclassesin History and Political
Science.
A. L. KIMBALL, Associatein Physics.(a) will direct thecoursefor undergraduatesin GeneralPhysics.(b) will give coursesof lecturesto the major coursestudents.
Daily.
E. RENOUF, Associatein Ghe’mistry.(a) will assistin theLaboratoryWork in Chemistry.(b) will conductReviewsin Chemistryof undergraduates.
E. H. SPIEKER, Associatein Latin and Greek.Undergraduatecoursesin Latin andGreek.
H. A. TODD, Associatein the RomanceLanguages.(a) Specialcoursesin Italian, Spanish,etc.(b) Undergraduatecoursesin French.
CYRUS ADLER, Instructor in the ShemiticLanguages.will conduct coursesin Hebrew, Ethiopia,and Assyrian,and
lectureon theHistory of Assyria, Babylonia,andIsrael.E. A. ANDREWS, Assistantin Biology.
Undergraduatecoursesin Biology.B. W. BARTON, Instructor in Botany.
Plant Analysis andElementsof SystematicBotany.
J. W. BRIGHT, Instructor in English.(a) Anglo-SaxonPoetry, Middle English Grammar,Middle
English Literature, Chaucer,Anglo-SaxonGrammarwithTexts, Phonetics,EnglishSeminary,etc.
(b) English Literature,Historical EnglishGrammar.
JULIUS GOEBEL, Instructor in German.Undergraduatecoursesin German.
M. D. LEARNED, instructor in German.Undergraduatecoursesin German.
F. M. WARREN, Instructor in French.(a) will give speciallectureson Old FrenchandSpanishLitera-
ture, etc.(b) Undergraduatecoursesin French.
HUGH NEWELL, Instructor in Drawing.will give instruction in FreeHandandMechanicalDrawing.
Daily.C. L. WOODWORTH, Instructor in Elocution.
will give instructionin Vocal Culture. Daily.
Specialcoursesof classinstructionwill also begivenby:HERBERT WEIR SMYTH, P11. D.
on GreekHistorical Inscriptions.WOO DROW WILSON, ru. ix
on Administration.E. R. L. GOULD, ni. ix
on Social Statistics.
90 [No. 58.
JuLY, 1887.] UNIVERSITY011WC/LABS.
MATHEMATICS.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Graduate Courses.
ProfessorNEWCOMB.
(SeecoursesgivenunderAstronomy).
Dr. STORY:
IntroductoryCoursefor Graduates:(a) First Section: Mechanics,Higher PlaneCurves, Quater-
nions,Finite Differences,Probabilities,andElliptic Functions.Threetimesweekly,through the year.
Twice weekly,through the year.Note—Section(a) constitutesa necessarypart of everysubsidiarycourse
in Mathematicsfor thedegreeof Doctor of Philosophy,andsections(a) and(b) constitutea necessarypart of everyprincipal coursein Mathematicsforthis degree. If a candidategives satisfactoryevidenceof havingalreadydone the work of either section in any snbject,he maybe excusedfromattendanceon theexercisesof thesectionin that subject. Every graduatestudentin Mathematics(whethercandidatefor a degreewith Mathematicsas principal or subsidiarysubject, or not intending to take a degree)isadvisedto completethe necessarywork of the IntroductoryCoursebeforetaking moreadvancedcourses.
Advanced Course in Analytic Geometry, including HigherPlaneCurves,Surfaces,andTwistedCurves.
Three timesmeekly,through the year.in 1887—88particularattentionwill bepaid to descriptiveproperties.
Linear AssociativeAlgebra, with applications.Twice weekly,first helf-year.
Differential andIntegralCalculus(AdvancedCourse).Threetimesweekly,firsthalf-year. Dr. FRANKLIN.
Differential Equations.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year. Dr. CRAIG.
Solid Analytic Geometry.Twice weekly, through the year. Dr. FRANKLIN.
TrigonometryandAnalytic Geometryfor Matriculation.Seventimesin two weeks,through theyear.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
CouRsEs AND TEACHERS : —
ProfessorNewcomb:Theoryof SpecialPerturbations. Twiceweekly,firsthalf-year.History of Astronomy. Twiceweeklyin March andApril.Computationof Orbits. Twiceweeklyin May.Seminary. Weekly,first half-year.
Dr. Story:Seminary. Weekly,throughtheyear.IntroductoryCoursefor Graduates. Daily, throughtheyear.Quaternions. Threetimesweekly,through the year.AdvancedAnalytical Geometry. Twiceweekly,through the year.Conic Sections. Twice weekly,throughtheyear.
Dr. Craig:Theory of Functions. Threetimessueckly,first half-year.Hydrodynamics. Threetimesweekly,firsthalfyear.Abelian Functions. Twiceweekly,through the year.LinearDifferential Equations. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.TheoreticalDynamics. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.DifferentialEquations(Major Course). Twiceweekly, through the year.
Dr. Franklin:Problemsin Mechanics. Twice weekly,through theyear.SolidAnalytic Geometry. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Advanced Algebra,Preparationfor Calculus,Differential and Integral
Calculus (ElementaryCourse). Threetimesweekly,through the year.Differential and Integral Calculus (Special Class). Three timesweekly,
first half-year.Trigonometry. Three timesweekly,first half-year.Analytic Geometry(Elementary). Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.
Mr. Barcroft:Theoryof Equations. Three timesweekly,first half-year.
F. FRANKLIN.—TWO Proofsof Cauchy’sTheorem;Notes.S. NEwcoMB.—SomePointson Klein’s Memoir on theIcosahedron.
91
92 JOHNSHOPKINS
M. T. PEED—OntheDeterminationof Coniesby theSignsof theCoeffi-cientsin theGeneralEquation.
XV. E. STORY—Systemsof Unicursal Curves.
Four numbers,making the Ninth Volume of the AMERICANJOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS havebeenissuedduring theyear.
ProfessorSylvester’sLectureson iReciprocants,begunin Vol. VIII, forma large part—144pages—ofthevolume. ProfessorCayley contributesanimportant memoir on the Transformationof Elliptic Functions,and Pro-fessorGreenhill oneon Wave Motion. Among other thingsof interestarecommunicationsfrom Hermite, d’Ocagne, Story, MacMahon,Durfee, andothers.
ASTRONOMY.
The new Physical Laboratory has been fitted up with theinstrumentsmostessentialto studentsdesiringto train themselvesin astronomicalobservation. The tower at the southeastcorneris surmountedby a revolving domecontainingan equatorialtele-scopeof nine and a half inches aperture. The domeand themounting of the telescopewere suppliedby Messrs.WarnerandSwaseyof Cleveland,but the objectiveis by Dr. C. S. Hastings.
A small meridian circle, with collimators,mercurybasinandotherappliances,is being constructedby Messrs.Fauth& Co. ofWashington. A portablereflecting circle hasbeenpresentedtothe University by Hon. GeorgeW. Dobbin. To this may beaddedtheolder instrumentsof theUniversity, including a smalltransit instrument, clock, chronometers,etc.
The equatorial is supplied with six negative eye piecesand one low-powerpositive eye pieceof the Gundlachpattern, and one combinationsun and diagonal prism. There is also provided a micrometerwith 5”position circle and threepositive eye pieces. Thecolumn is of iron andcontainsthedriving clock nearthe top, the clock beingprotectedby plateglass doors. The interior of thecolumn alsoservesfor theclock weightsand for a cupboardto bold eyepiecesandotheraccessories.Handlesbelowthepolar axis and on the declination axis enabletheobserverto set thetelescopewhile readingthe circles. The circles are graduatedon silveron theface andarereadby verniers,while on the edgeare coarsegraduations and large figures for approximatesetting. The tangentwheel orworm gearis a completecircle, insteadof a segment,so that it never“runsout.” The eye endof the tubehasspecialprovision for attachinga spec-troscopeor other physical apparatus. The finder is of 3” aperture and42” focus.
Thetelescopeof the meridian circle is of three inchesaperture. Thecircle is divided to five minutes of arc and is read by two micrometermicroscopesto single seconds. The collimatorsare of two inchesapertureand the whole instrumentis to be so arrangedthat the student can makethedelicatedeterminationsof errorsof divisions,flexure, etc.,which haveto beconsideredin fundamentalworkwith thelargestandfinestinstruments.
By theaddition of thesenew instruments,theUniversityis nowenabled,for the first time in its history, to offer coursesin Astron-omy sufficiently completeto justify qualifiedstudentsin choosingit as a principal subject, leading to the Doctor’s degree. Thecoursesproposedfor the first yeararenamedbelow. The coursesin subsequentyearswill includethetheoryof orbits in its variousramifications,celestial mechanics,geodesy,and spectroscopyandotherbranchesof physicalresearch,but maybe varied to suit thespecialtastesof thestudent.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Astronomical Seminary.
ProfessorNEWCOMB will conduct an Astronomical Seminaryfor the studyof the history and literature of Astronomy. Thework will consist largelyin an examinationof the leadingworksof the great mastersof the subject,ancientas well as modern,including a study of themethodsby whichAstronomyhasbeenperfected,andof thepresentstateof thevariousbranchesof thescience. The memberswill be encouragedto communicatetheresultsof any researchestheymay undertake.
In order to pursuethe courseof theseminaryto the~reatestadvantagethe studentshould be able to read French,German,and Latin at sight,though a deficiencyin one, or eventwo of theselanguageswill not neces-sarilybe fatal to hisprogress. He shouldalsobewell groundedin so muchof MathematicsandAstronomyasareincludedin theundergraduatecoursesoftheleadingcollegesanduniversities. Forpracticalworkoutsidethesemi-nary facility in numericalcomputationis alsonecessary.
II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.
ProfessorNEWCOMB:SphericalandPracticalAstronomy.Twiceweeklythrough the year.Thiscourseis intendedto include suchpractice in astronomicalobserva-
tion with the equatorialtelescope,meridiancircle, transit instrument,andsexta.ntas will give the student a practical acquaintancewith the useofthoseinstroments. It will alsoincludepractice in thereductionof observa-tionsandotherastronomicalcomputations,includingthe applicationsof themethodof leastsquares.
DioptricsandtheTheoryof MeasuringInstruments.Twice weekly,secondhalf-year.Theprincipal subjectswill be: The dioptricsandmechanismof theeve,
the telescopeand the spectroscope;the principles of linear and angularmeasurements,including the determinationof errorsof division; the useof thecollimator,spirit level, etc.
ProfessorHALL:Studies and Experimentsin PersonalEquationandErrorsof
Observation.Sixlecturesw’ith demonstrations. First half-year.This course,intendedprimarily for studentsof psycho-physics,is recom-
The laboratoryis a handsomeand commodiousbuilding, 117feet long by 71 feet wide, with four working floors, besidesthebasement. Beneaththebasementareconstanttemperaturevaultsfor thedividing enginesusedin ruling gratingsfor opticalpurposes,andcomparatorsfor measuringlengths. In thefront part of thebasementarethe instrumentshops,and the engineanddynamorooms. In the reararethebatteryroomandroomsfor investiga-tions in electricity and magnetism; this part of the buildingcontainsno iron. On the first floor arethemain lectureroom,two rooms for heatexperimentsandthe restof thespaceis usedfor work in electricityandmagnetism. Thesecondfloor containsthe director’sstudyandlibrary, thegenerallibrary, mathematicallectureroomsandstudies. Onthethird floor aretheelementarylaboratoriesand studies. The fourth floor is speciallyfitted upfor investigations in light, including a balcony for heliostats,spectrometerand photographingrooms,and other ample facili-ties for work on spectroscopyand for special investigationsin•light. Besidesthesethereareroomsfor work in psycho-physics.The tower room on the fifth floor is for a velocity-of-light appa-ratus. Ontheroofis aplatform for openair experiments,andthetower is surmountedby thedomeof theastronomicalobseryatory.
Thephysicalapparatusincludes,besidesafull outfit for lecturepurposes,a very completeand valuable collection of instrumentsfor measurementand research. Manyof thesehavebeenmadefrom specialdesigns,othershavebeenpurchasedfrom European
— andAmerican makers;all of them havebeen carefully selectedto accomplishthepurposesfor which they areintended.
The coursesin Physics areintendedto meetthe wants(1) ofstudentspreparedfor advancedwork who wish to makePhysicsaspecialty, (2) studentswho wish to make Electricity and Mag-netisma specialty,(3) undergraduatestudents.
I. Advanced Work.
Graduatesand otherswho wish to takethe advancedcoursesand who havenot already taken the equivalentof the under-graduatecoursewill be requiredto take as muchof it asmayseemdesirable.
It is of greatimportancethat everyonewho expectsto takeupanykind of advancedwork in Physicsshould haveasolid foun-dation of Mathematics. The first requisitefor thosewho expectto takemorethantheelementarycourseis, that theyshall acquireaworking knowledgeof analytical geometryand thedifferentialand integral calculus. Any deficiencyin this respect will sen-oiisly impair the student’schanceof success,and studentsarecautionedagainstentering upon specialphysicalcourseswithouthaving somenatural aptitudefor mathematicalas well asexperi-mental work.
It is recommendedthatall candidatesfor thedegreeof Doctorof Philosophy,taking Physicsas their principal subject,pursuethe following course:
Duringthefirst year’sresidencetheyshoulddevotethemselvesto Mathe-maticsandChemistry,giving any time theycan spareto work in thePhys.ical Laboratory. The mathematicalwork of this first yearshouldinclude
the Introductory Coursefor Graduates,sectiona (seep. 91),and,if neces-sary,total differential equations;in chemistryat leastsix hoursa weeklaboratorywork besideslectureswill be required.
The second and third yearsshould be given to the regular advancedcoursesin Physics,asstatedbelow,togetherwith somemathematicalcourses,suchaspartial differential equations,sphericalharmonics,calculusof varia-tions, theory of elasticity,hydrodynamics,and theory of sound. Duringthesetwo yearsthestudentis expectedto workconstantlyin thePhysicalLaboratory.
The abovestatementis madeto aid thestudentin properlyplanninghiscourseof study; variationsmaybe madeto suit individualcases.
Lectures.ProfessorROWLAND:
Thermodynamics,HeatConduction,andPhysicalOptics.Four timesweeklythrough the year.Theselecturesconstituteone-halfof a completecourse,extendingthrough
two years. Theotherhalf consistsof lectureson ElectricityandMagnetism.The lecturesdevelopfully themathematicaltreatmentof thesubjects,andto follow themthestudentshould have sufficient mathematicalknowledgeto readsuchauthorsasMaxwell, Thomson,Stokes,Green,Fourier,etc.
Mechanics (in the introductory course in Mathematicsforgraduates).
Threetimesweekly,first tenweeks.
Dr. FRANKLIN:
Problemsin Mechanics.Twiceweekly,throughtheyear.
Laboratory Work.
Advancedstudentsareexpectedto give as muchof their timeas possible to laboratorywork. The work consists at first incarryingout experimentswhich familiarize themwith theuseofinstruments for exact measurement, and with experimentalmethods. When sufficient experienceof this kind has beenacquired the student undertakes,under the guidance of theinstructors,someresearchdesignedto be of permanentvalue.
Journal Meeting.
All advancedstudentsareexpectedto meetwith theinstructorsonceaweekfor the readinganddiscussionof thecurrentphysicaljournals. To eachstudentis assignedoneof theseupon which toreport during the year,giving a synopsisof themost importantarticles.
II. Special Course in Electricity and Magnetism.
This is intendedfor advancedstudents,who havealreadycom-pleted their generaleducation,andwho arewilling to devotetwoyearsto thestudyof Electricity andof subjectsconnectedwith it.A knowledgeof Mathematicsthroughthedifferentialandintegral
JOHNSHOPKINS
calculusis necessary,andthe instructormustbesatisfiedthat thestudent is otherwisein a position to henefit by thecourse. Anacquaintancewith Frenchand Germanis mostdesirable.
While a knowledgeof thetheoryis important in everybranchof appliedscience,this is especiallythecasewith electricity,in which theapplicationsincreaseso rapidly and the practiceso frequentlychanges,that withoutsoundtheoreticalknowledgeit is impossibleto keep abreastof theadvanceof thescience,or even to nnderstandtheinventionswhichare daily madepublic. Yet theoreticalknowledgeis unfruitful without knowledgeof themeansof its application, such as can only be obtainedby experimentalwork.
The course,then, is intended to teachthe theoryof electricitywith aspecial view to its practical application,to familiarize the studentwithelectricalinstrumentsandmethodsof experiment,andto give him aknowl-edgeof thetheoryand practiceof thoseapplicationsthat arein successfuluseandwith which he will probablywork.
Dr. DUNCAN will give thefollowing courses:
Electricity andMagnetism. First year’scourse.Threetimesweeklythroughtheyear.The lecturesfor thefirst yeara.re intendedto give clearphysical ideas
of generalprinciples, with the mathematical interpretationnecessarytoenforceand applythem.
The laboratorywork will include measurementsof resistance,current,potential, capacity, etc., with voltameter and calorimeter work, and thestudentwill befamiliarizedwith theinstrumentsusedin electrical mcasure-ments,galvanpmeters,electro-dynamometers,resistancecoils, condensers,etc.On finishing this work, thestudentwill begivenexperiments,suchastheconstructionand measurementof standardcells, the determinationof themagnetismof iron, the determinationof specific inductive capacity, etc.,which will bring into usethemethodshehasalreadystudied.
Besidesthework in electricity, lectureson mathematicsandsuchothersubjectsasthestudentrequires,will begiven.
Therewill be a weekly meeting for thepurposeof discussingarticlesofinterestappearingin theelectrical journals.
Electricity and Magnetism. Secondyear’scourse.Twiceweeklythroughtheyear.
In the second year will be given the theoryof dynamos,motors, thetransmissionand distribution of energy, the telegraph,the telephone,storagebatteries,etc.
The laboratorywork will include the testsand runnbig of dynamosandmotors, the efficiency and practical working of secondaryand primarybatteries,photometerwork, testing of telegraphlines, experimentson theelectrical transmissionof energy,telephonework, etc., with suchoriginalinvestigationsasthestudentis ableto undertake. Therewill bea weeklymeetingfor thediscussionof thecurrent literatureof thesubject.
The studentwill have time for otherselectedstudies,and in eitherthefirst or the second year of this coursehe must take the second year’sundergraduatework in generalphysicsor its equivalent.
At theendof thesecondyearanexaminationwill beheld,and onpassingit thestudentwill begivena certificatestatingthat hehastakenthecoursein appliedelectricityandhaspassedtherequiredexaminations.
III. Undergraduate Courses.
Theundergraduatecoursein Physicsextendsover a periodoftwo years,both years beingrequiredof thosetaking it asoneoftheir elective studies,while only the first year is necessaryforthosewho takeit asa subsidiarysuhjectfor theB. A. degree.
Laboratory work accompaniesthe lectures and recitationsthroughoutthecourse,the designof this work beingto illustratethe subjectas it is studied,to impressits principles,and to giveclear ideas,ratherthanto be merelyan exercisein manipulation.But someknowledgeof methodsis also attained,so that in thesecondyear problenisrequiringmoreexperimentalskill aregiven.
First Year (Miisvor) Course.
This course does not assumethat the student hashad anypreviousacquaintancewith Physics,but a knowledgeof PlaneTrigonometryandtheuseof Logarithmsis required.
1. ElementaryMechanics,Heat, Electricity and Magnetism,Sound,andLight.
Lecturesand recitationsdaily, through the year. Dr. KIMBALL.
This course is designedto meet the wantsof both graduatesand undergraduateswho havealreadytakeneitherthefirst year’scourseor its equivalent, and who wish to puryuefurther theirphysical studies. A working knowledgeof Analytic Geometryand Calculusis requiredfor admissionto this course. Theyear’swork consistsof:
1. Lecturesandrecitationson thefollowing subjects:Dynamics,beginning with the study of the particle and extending to
sonicof thesimplerproblemsin themotionof a~ rigid body.ElementaryThermodynamics,basedon Maxwell’s Theoryof Heat.Electricity and Magnetism,basedon Cummings’sTheoryof Electricity.Sound.Wave Theory of Light, as treatedin Glazebrook’sPhysicalOptics.Daily, throoghtheyeor. Dr. KIMBALL.
2. LaboratoryWork.Fouf hours sceckly, throagh the year.
The lahoratorywork includes problenis tisat presentmore experimentaldiffienitiesthanthoseusidertakendnringthe first year,or that invoicemoremathematicalknowl-edge for their completediscussion;written reports arerequired as in the first year’ssource. Boring the year specialproblems are assignedto the studentswhich they areexpectedto work cotin a completemaimer,taking necessarilysnoretime thanis requiredfor the ordinaryproblemsof thecourse.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
The new Physical Laboratory has beenopen for work andinstructionduring thelast half of theacademicyear. Thebuild-ing was sufficiently completedto be thrown open to the publicon CommemorationDay, February22, and on April 22, it wasvisited by alargenumberof physicistsfrom variousparts of thecountry. The facilities for researchandstudy in thedepartmentof Physicshavebeengreatlyincreased.
The following courseshavebeengivenduring theyear:ProfessoriRowland:
LecturesonElectricity andMagnetism. Four cudfive timesweekly,throughthe year.
Dr. Kimball:Firstyear’scoursein GesieralPhysics. Daily, through the year.Secondyear’s course, consistingof lectureson Meclsanics,Elementary
Tlserniodynamics,Electricity andMagnetisni,Sound,andtheWaveTheoryof Light. Daily, through the year.
Dr. Duncan:LecturesandProblemsin Electricityand Magnetism. Threetimesweekly,
through the year.Sound. Twice soeckly,secondhalf-year.
Dr. Perkins:LaboratoryWork of theundergraduatestudents. Through the year.
The laboratoryhasbeenopendaily for theprosecutionof studyand research,under the directionof ProfessorRowland,assistedby Dr. Kiniball, Dr. Duncanand Dr. Perkins.
94 [INo. 58.
JULY, 1887.] UJVIVERSITY011WULA1?&
Besidestheregularwork of instruction,thefollowing researcheshavebeencarriedon:
On the relativewave length of the lines of the solar spectrum;about450 lineshavebeenmeasuredasstandards,andmorethan1500 lines in thered andyellow.
Determinationof theabsolutewavelength of light.Determinationof therotationof thesunby displacementof linesin the
spectrum.On thespectrumof hydro
0enundervariousconditions.
95
Chemicalactionin a magneticfield.Determination of the magnetic momentof short, straight magnetsin
Advancedstudentshave taken part with the instructors inweeklymeetingsfor thediscussionof thecurrentphysicaljournals.
CHEMISTRY.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
The coursesin Chemistryareintendedto meetthewants(1) ofgraduateswho make Chemistrytheir specialty,or who select itas oneof their subordinatesubjectsfor the degreeof Doctor ofPhilosophy; (2) of undergraduatestudentswho studyChemistryfor generaltraining; (3) of specialstudentswho,for good reasonshaveneitherreceiveda bachelor’sdegreenormatriculatedat thisUniversity. The first andsecondyears’coursescoverthegroundof General Chemistry,as far as it is possibleto do so in thetimeoccupied. Togetherthey form thefull coursedesignedfor under-graduates. Graduatesandspecialstudentswho havenot doneanequivalentamountof work will follow suchpartsof thesecoursesasmay seemdesirable.
The Chemical Laboratory coversan areaof about50 by 100feetand hasthreefull storiesand a basement. In thebasementare the necessaryconveniencesfor assayingand other furnaceoperations. On the next floor there are large rooms devotedmainly to GeneralChemistryandto qualitative andquantitativeanalysis. On the secondfloor, are the roomsfor researchwork,thoseof thedirector, the library, and a lecture-roomfor GeneralChemistry. On the third floor, arerooms for the chemical andmineralogical collections, and two small lecture-rooms. Thelaboratorywill conveniently accommodateabout one hundredworking students.
I. Advanced Work.
Laboratory Work.
Under the direction of ProfessorREMSEN and Dr. MORSE.
Daily, exceptSaturday,from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.Thework will consistin a thoroughstudyof analytical processes,making
difilcult and typical preparations,and in carrying on investigationson as-signedtopics.
Lectures.
(a) On advancedOrganic Chemistry,by ProfessorIREMSEN.Two or three timesweekly.
(c) On Stoichiometry, by Dr. MORSE. Twice weekly,firsthalf-year.
(d) On specialtopics,under the directionof the ProfessorofChemistry, by the Instructors, Fellows and other advancedworkers. About twenty lectures,secondhalf-year.
This work, whileservingto familiarizestudentswith chemicalliterature,is intendedalso to aid them in acquiringthe artof presentingsubjectsin
theform of lecturesbeforeaudiences. All thosewbo look forward to thecareerof teachersof chemistryare expectedto take active part in theexercises.
The reportsarefurnished in turn by all who attendthemeetings. Thejournals read and regularly reportedupon are: Bericbte der deutschenchemischenGesellschaft;Annalender Chemie; Journalof the ChemicalSociety (London); Journalfur praktischeChemie; Zeitschrift fur analy-tische Chemie; Monatsheftefiir Chemie; Zeitschrift fur physikalischeChemie; Journal of the Society for Chemical Industry; Bulletin de laSocietSchimique; ComptesiRendus;AnnalesdeChimie et de Physique;and occasionallyothers.
II. Introductory and Collegiate Courses.
First Year (lVfinor) Course.
(a) Introductionto GeneralChemistry.Lecturesand examinationsfive timesweeklythrough the year (by Professor
iRemsen,Dr. Morse, andDr. Renouf).
(b) LaboratoryWork.Five to six hours weeklythroughthe year (underthe direction of Professor
(b) SupplementaryCoursein InorganicChemistry.Threetimesweeklythroughtheyear (by Dr. MorseandDr. Renouf).
(c) ElementaryMineralogy.Threeweeksin January (by Dr. Williams).
(d) LaboratoryWork.Five to six hours weeklythrough the year (underthe directionof Professor
iRemsen,Dr. Morse,and Dr. iRenouf).
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
During the past year, as heretofore,the Laboratoryhasbeenconstantlyopen both for advancedworkers,and for undergrad-uates,under the guidanceof ProfessorRemsen,Dr. Morse, andDr. IRenouf.
Chemistryof the Compoundsof Carbon,(advancedcoursefor graduatestudents). Twice weekly,until March.
ThcoreticalChemistry. Ten lecturesin April and May.
Dr. Morse:Stoichiometry. Twelvelectures.SupplementaryInorganicChemistry. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Reviewsin GeneralChemistry. Twice weeklythrough the year.
Dr. IRenouf:Reviewsin GeneralChemistry. Twiceweekly,through the year.SupplementaryInorganicChemistry. Twice weekly,secossdhalf-year.
Advancedstudentshavebeenengageddaily in the laboratoryin prosecutingsuch work asseemedbestadaptedto thepurposesof each. Thosewho havecompletedthe full coursesin GeneralChemistry,including from two to threeyears’work in qualitativeand quantitative analysisand about a year’s work in makingdifficult and instructive preparations,wereencouragedto under-takethesolution of originalproblems.
The following investigationshave beencompleted during theyear. Othersarein progress.
The decompositionof diazo-compoundswith alcohol.Suiphon-fluoresceinandits derivatives.Studieson the constitutionof benzoicsuiphinide.Amido-o-sulpho-henzoicacidand its derivatives.A new methodof estimatingsulphurin organiccompounds.A new methodof estimatingbutterin milk.
The results of theseinvestigations will soon appear in theAmericanChemicalJournal. Someof them havebeenbroughtbefore the Johns Hopkins Scientific Association at its regularmeetings.
The fellows andotheradvancedstudentshavemetthe instruc-tors twice a week during the year for the purposeof keepingabreast of the current chemical literature. The importantjournalshavebeencarefully read,andfull reportsof thevariousarticleshavebeenmade.
Thesestudentshave beenoften called upon to treat importantchemicalquestionsin a broad way, going to the original sourcesand presentingtheresultsin a completeform. In most casesthe topics so investigatedhavebeenconnectedwith the experimentalwork going on at the time; hutother questions alsohave been elaboratedin this way which hare lessdirectly on thecurrentstudies. In several casescarefully written reportsof the results obtainedhave been prepared. The excellent library ofchemicalbooksandjournalswhichis accessibleto thestudentsin the labor-atory,at all reasonablehours,hasgreatly facilitatedtheexecutionof thisvery desirableliterary work.
Early in the year subjectswere assignedto the Fellows andothersfor the preparationof lectureson variouschemical topicstreated historically; and eleven such lectureswere the result.Thesewere preparedfrom acarefulstudyof theoriginal articlesin thejournals,andwerenot borrowedfrom bookson thehistoryof chemistry. Full abstractsof mostof theselectures,furnishedwith completereferencesto thearticlesconsulted,are to be pre-paredand preservedin thechemicallibrary. The lecturersandtheir subjectswereas follows:
Mr. W. IR. Oradorif on The History of Investigationson the Constitu-tion of theCarbohydrates;
Mr. C. W. HayesonMass-action;Mr. W. A. Hedrickon The History of Alizarin;Mr. R. N. Bracketton Ladenburg~sInvestigationson theAlkaloids;Mr. J. H. Kastle on TheLactones;Dr. C. L. Reeseon Researcheson Petroleum;Mr. C. J. Bell on The Le Bel andvan~t Hoff Hypothesis;Dr. E. Renoufon The History of Ether;Mr. A. F. Liun on Victor Meyer’s Researcheson the Acetoximesand
Aldoximes;Mr. F. Lengfeldon The PtomaYnes;Mr. A. R. L. Dobmeon The Researchesof Hofmannand Wiirtz on sub-
stitutedAmmonias.
Six numbersof the AMERIcAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL haveappearedwithin the year. Theseare Nos.4, 5, 6 of Vol. VIII.,andNos. 1, 2 and3 of Vol. IX.
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
The work is intendedto meet thewants(1) of thosewho wishto acquire a detailed acquaintancewith themethodsand resultsof modernmineralogyand inorganic geology,for the purposeofteachingor investigation; and (2) of thosedesirousof studyingcrystallographyandmineralogyas supplementaryto a courseinchemistry.
The Laboratory for mineralogy and microscopical petrogra-phy will be open daily from 9 a. m. to 5 p. in., under theimmediatesupervisionof Dr. Williams. The work will includecrystallography(measuringandcalculation),physicalandgeneraldeterminativemineralogy,andthemicroscopicalstudyof crystal-line rocks.
Courseswill begiven asfollows:Lectureson GeneralMineralogy,by Dr. WILLIAMs, threetimes
weekly, throughoutthe year,at 11 a. m.This coursewill embracecrystallography,crystal-drawingandprojection,
It is intendedto suit the wantsof chemistsand alsoto serveasanintro-duction to more special work in mineralogy and petrography. There isassumedon thepart of the studentan elementaryknowledgeof geometry,optics,chemistryand blow-pipeanalysis. A chemicalclassificationof themineralspeciesis followed in theselectures,exceptin thecaseof thesili-cates,which aretreatedmorefrom a geological standpointandarrangedinorderof their importanceascomponentsof theearth’scrust.
This courseis supplementedby a quiz and practical work with mineralson Saturdaymorning from 9 to 12, exceptduringtheportion of theyearinwhich thisday is devotedto geologicalexcursions.
Lectures on PetrographyandInorganicGeology,by Dr. Wil-hams,twice weekly, throughouttheyear,at 11 a. m.
Thiscourseis intendedfor more advancedgeolo,ical students. It willonly beopento thosewho have coveredthegroundincluded in theminer-alogical courseandwho are devoting themselvesto laboratorywork. Itwill beparticularlydetailed in regardto themicroscopicmethodsfor iden-tifying mineralsand for studyin
0rocks,and is intendedonly for thosewhoaredoing practicalwork of thiskind.
As a portion of the Major Coursein Chemistry,elementaryinstructionin crystallographyandmineralogywill begivenby Dr.Williams during thethreeweekssucceedingtheChristmasrecess.
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JULY, 1887.] UNIVEPSITY01110ULAPS.
This coursewill occupy, during this period, the hour of the usualchemicallecture (daily 9 a. in.) and the time usually devotedto practicalwork in the chemical laboratory (Mondays, Tuesdays,Thursdays,andFridays, 2—5 p. in.).
Journal Meetings xviii be held weekly, at which advancedstudentsare expectedto report in turn upon important articlesrelating to mineralogy,petrography,andinorganicgeology.
Geological Excursions will be conductedby Dr. Williamson each Saturdayof the spring and fall, when the weatherpermits. These are made in connectionwith the UniversityNaturalists’ Field Club which holds meetings on the thirdWednesdayeveningof eachmonth. They havefor their especialobjecttheexplorationof thevicinity of Baltimore,materialsfor ageologicalmapof whicharebeingcollectedas rapidly as possible.
Mr. Win. B. Clark, Ph. D., a recent graduateof the Uni-versityof Munich, will behereduring thecoming year,for xvorkin Palacontologyand to commencethe formationof apalaconto-logical collection.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
Coursesof lectureshavebeengivenby Dr. Williams on:CrystallographyandGeneralMineralogy. Three timesweekly,first half-
year.
97
PetrographyandDynamicalGeology. Four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.SphericalProjectionof Crystal-forms. Four lectures.
The rooms of the petrographicallaboratory havebeen opendaily from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. throughouttheyear. Thefollowinginvestigationshavebeencarried on in microscopicalpetrography:
On the norites and associatedrocks of the “Cortlandt Series” fromPeekskill,N. Y.
On theancientgreenstonesandassociatedacidrocksfromtheMenomineeiron region, Mich., and from the neighborhoodof Marquetteon LakeSuperior.
On theLaurentian(“Kewatin”) rocksoccurringnearRainyLake,north-westof LakeSuperior.
On theserpentineof Syracuse,N. Y.On theserpentineof “Soldiers’ Delight,” Balto. Co., Md.On thevolcanicrocks (phonolitesand basalts)occurringon theisland of
FernandodeNoronhaoff thecoastof Brazil. Thesewere collectedby Pro-fessor J. C. Brannerof theUniversityof Indiana,by whom theyweresentto theUniversity for investigation.
On the regular field excursionsmuch additional information has beengatheredrelativeto thedistributionof the crystallinerocksaboutBaltimore,anda largenumberofcarefullycataloguedmineralogicalandpetrographicalspecimens,illustrative of the geologyof the immediateneighborhood,hasbeen addedto theUniversitycollection.
Journal Meetings,at which the more advitucedstudentshavereportedupon the contentsof all the leadingmineralogicalandgeologicaljournals,havebeenheld weekly.
BIOLOGY.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Collegiate Instruction.
This is designedespeciallyfor undergraduatestudents; butgraduatestudentswho have not had a thorough preliminarytraining will be requiredto follow tha instruction in thosesub-jects of the college biological course in which they may bedeficient.
Specialstudents,who havenot graduatedelsewhereor matricu-lated here,may bereceivedinto thecourse,on giving satisfactoryevidencethat they arelikely to be benefitedby it.
The regular course of undergraduatebiological instructionextendsover two years; thosewho take Biology as a subsidiarysubjectfor the B. A. degreearenot requiredto do morethanthefirst year’swork.
Firsl Year (Miinor) (burse.
This has beenplanned to meet the needs(1) of thosewhointendultimately to takeup someonebranchof Biology (ZoSlogy,Physiology,or Botany)for specialstudy; (2) of students,graduateor undergraduate,who expect laterto studymedicine,but mean-while desire,as a valuable preparation,to obtain somegeneralknowledgeof thephenomena,laws, andconditionsof life; (3) ofthosewho desire,as a partof their generalcollegetraining, someacquaintancewith the methodsof modern experimentalandobservationalscience,and select Biology as a subject of studywith that endin view.
The course consists of five lectures or recitations weeklythroughout the academicyear, with laboratory work. The
laboratorywork takes the place of the greater part of theoutside reading requiredin connectionwith most other under-graduatecoursesin the university. The following subjectsareincludedin the year’s work.
1. GeneralBiology.Three lectures or recitationsweeklyfrom the commencementof the sessionuntil
the endof March.Attention is directed to the broad characteristicphenomenaof life and
living things ratherthan to theminutin of descriptivebotanyorzo6logy,or to thecharactersof orders,genera,and species. In thelaboratorythestudentlearnshow to observe,how to verify and describewhatheobserves,how to dissect,and how to useamicroscope;heexaminesselectedvegeta-ble and animal types,from unicellular organisms,such as theyeast-plantand Ainceba, to the fern andthefiowerin
0-planton onesideandthe cray-fish and a birdon theother. In thelectureroomattentionis mainlygivento the fundamentalbiological facts andlawswhich theparticularplantoranimal under considerationis fitted to illustrate, theobjectbeingrathertogive thestudentan ideaof what is meantby thetermsliving thing, plant,animal,tissuedifferentiation,life history, organ,function,etc., thanto teachhim theelementsof BotanyandComparativeAnatomyasfrequentlyunder-stood. The organismsstudiedare Torula,Protococcus,Amceba,Micrococ-ens,Bacterium,Bacillus, Spirillum, Penicillium, Mucor, Spirogyra,Nitella,a moss,a fern,a flowering-plant,infusoria,Hydra,starfish,earthworm,cray-fish, clam, cartilaginousfish, frog, and pigeon. If time permits the rat isalsodissected;so thatat thecloseof thecoursethestudenthasapracticalknowledgeof thestructureand life conditionsofone ormore typicalexam-plesfrom eachof themain divisionsof plantsandanimals,onwhich to basehis readingandlater studies.
2. The Embryology of theChick.Three lectures or recitationsweeklyfrom thebeginning of April until the close
of thesession,withpracticalstudyof thedevelopmentof a bird.In this course the student, who has already in his general biology
observedthenaturalarrangementof animalsandplantsin divergingseriesadvancingfrom asimple bit of living matter-tohighly complicatedorgan.
JOHNSHOPKINS
isms,studiestheindividual developmentof oneof thehigheranimals,fromits start asanalmostformlessbit of protoplasmto its final highly complexstructure. The increasingdifferentiationof tissuesand organs which hehasnotedas higherand higherplants andanimalsweredissected,henowseesexemplified by thechick embryo in different stagesof development.At the sametime a good foundationis laid for subsequentadvancedstudyin vertebratemorphology.
3. Osteology,HumanandComparative.Twolectures or recitationsweeklyuntil the endof ]Jfarch, with practical study
of selectedskeletons.The studentbeginswith thehumanskeleton,thestudyof which, asthe
most minutely and accuratelydescribedof all couveniePstlyaccessibleani-mal structures,is well fitted to train him to observecloselyand accurately.He thenstudiesa skeletonfrom eachof thechief ordersof theMammaliaand two or threefrom eachof theremainin,,main groupsof Vertebrata.
4. Plant Analysis andtheelementsof SystematicBotany.Practical instructiontwiceweeklyfrom thebeginningof April until the closeof
thesession.The studentis taught how to collect and preserveplants; and by the
analysisof a numberof floweringplantsunderthedirectionof his teacher,getsa good introductionto theterminologyof descriptivebotany,andlearnshow to useabotanicalkey for tIme recognitionof species.
SecondYear (lkfqjor) Course.
This is designedfor thosewho, having completedthe aboveminor course,desire to proceedfarther with biological studies.Ultimately thesecondyear’swork in biology will be,at thechoiceof thestudent,oneof three courses;in the first of theseAnimalPhysiology will be the dominant study; in the second,AnimalMorphology; in the third, Botany; for the presenta choice isofferedonly betweenthe first andsecondof the three.
[Tocompleteamajorcoursea studentmust,after finishinghis minor, take either1, 2,3, and4 of thesuhjectshelow named,or1, 2, 4, and5; The formercomhinationis recoin-mendedto thosewhointendafterwardsto studymedicine].
1. MammalianAnatomy.Five timesweeklyfor onemonth.In connectionwith this coursethe studentdissectsthoroughlyone of the
highermammals. He thusacquiresa knowledgeof thenames,generaldis-tributionand structureof nearlyall themuscles,nerves,vessels,andviscera,andbecomesfitted to take up profitably the studyof microscopicanatomyandof mammalianphysiology,and is alsopreparedfor professionalstudyofthe details of descriptive and regional humananatomy; and thus savesmuchtime if he subsequentlyentersa medicalschool.
structureof thevarioustissuesandorgans. He learnshow to usestaining,imbedding,and otherreagents;andis instructedin thetechniqueof sectioncutting andmounting.
Physiciansdesiringto preparethemselvesfor the studyof PathologicalHistology, are admittedto this classon paymentof$25.00.
3. Animal Physiology.Threelecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom the beginningof Januaryuntil the end
of thesession.This courseis intended to afford tIme studenta good knowledgeof the
propertiesand modeof working during healthof thevarious tissuesandorgansof thehigher animals,especiallyman. In thelaboratoryhestudiespracticallythechemicalcompositionof the moreimporta.nt constituentsofthebody, thechemistryof digestionandof thedigestiveliquids, the funda-mentalpropertiesofliving musclesand nerves,the beat of the heart,thephenomenaof reflex action,chemistryof theurine,etc. Importantphysio-logical facts,which requirespecialskill for their exhibitionor theemploy-ment of especially delicate instruments, are demonstratedto the class.Therewill be, asa rule, one suchdemonstrationweekly. No painful ex-perimentsare performedin connectionwith this course.
The physiologicalapparatusbelonging to the University is unusuallygood andcomplete; studentshave,accordingly,the opportunityto acquire
a knowledgeof themode of using all the chief instrumentsemployedinphysiological,pathological,andpharmacologicalresearch.
WIsile fully recognizing the greatimportanceof physiologyas a chieffoundationof scientific medicine,theaim held in viewhasbeento teach,asthoroughlyas possiblein time time, physiologyas an independentbranchof science,and not as medical physiologyor “physiolo,,y for medicalstu-dents.” The practicalapplicationsof the sciencethestudentwho intendsto becomea physician is expectedto learn afterwardswhen he enters aprofessionalschoolof medicine. It is believedthatthebetterhis knowledgeof physiologyasa purescience,time betterwill hebe ableto applyhis knowl-edge afterwards,in the solvingof practicalproblems.
4. Elementsof Zodlogy.Two lectures or recitations weekly,from early in Novemberuntil theendof the
ficationof animals. In thelaboratorythestudentwill dissecta numberofformsselectedto supplementthetypesstudiedin time generalbiologycourseof thefirst yearin biology, namely
Calcareoussponge; tubularian hydroid; hydro-medusa;actinia; seaurchin and its development;holothurian; polychactousannelid; leech;distoma;copepod;barnacle;crab and its nsetamorphosis;limulus; scor-pion; grasshopper;gasteropod;cephalopod;lingula; ascidian;amphioxus;teleost; lizard.
5. Marine Laboratory.At least twomonths’studyat themarinelaboratory of the University,in summer.Thismay betakenin oneyearora monthmaybe taken in each of two
consecutiveyears.
II. University Instruction and Opportunities.
The advancedcoursesare designedfor graduateswho havealreadysuchknowledgeof Biology asmaybe obtainedby follow-ing the collegiate coursesin that subject,and for otherswho,althoughnot graduates,satisfytheuniversityauthoritiesthat theyarecompetentto undertakehigherwork. In theuniversitycoursesbut little of the teachingis givenby formal lectures;the instruc-torscomeinto closedaily contactwith thestudents,supervisetheirwork, direct their researches,andadviseas to their reading.
Studentsnot quite far enoughadvancedto undertakeresearchareusuallygivensomeimportant originalarticle, andshownhowto repeatandverify for th~mselves(andcriticise) theexperimentsor observationsdescribedin it. By studying and repeatingtheoriginalwork of othersthey learnthemethodsof biological inves-tigation, and arethus trained to plan and carry out researchesthemselves. In connection with this work, studentsalso learnhow to hunt up and utilize thebibliographyof a subject. Thosewhose aims lie in aphysiological direction are requiredto beginby a careful studyof the construction and modeof usingof thechief physiologicalinstruments.
to providing opportunityfor advancedwork in experimentalphysiology.The collection of physiological instrumentsbelongingto theUniversity isunusuallylargeandcomupleteandis yearlyaddedto. Thereis alsoa work-shopin time laboratoryin wlmich fl skilled mecimanicis keptemployedrepair-ing andconstructinginstruments. The laboratorycontainstwo largeroomsfor generaladvancedwork in animalphysiology, in addition to othersspe-cially designedfor work with the spectroscope,with the myographm, forelectra-physiologicalresearches,andfor chenmicalphysiology.
2. Animal Histology.The laboratorycommtains a special room constructedfor advancedhisto-
logical work, andwell suppliedwith apparatusand rea0ents. Thereis also
a roomnand apparatusfor micro-phmotographmy.
3. Animal Morphology.Roomsfor advancedwork in this subjectare containedin the laboratory
~ndfittedup with conveniencesfor bothgrossand microscopicdis~ections,
98 [No. 58.
JULY, 1887.] UNIVERSITY 01110ULAES.
andfor embryologicalstudies. Much of theadvancedwork in animalmor-phology is carriedon at the Marine Laboratory,open at the sea-sidefromthebeginningof Juneuntil the endof August,underthe direction of Dr.Brooks. The Marine Laboratorypossessesa steamlaunchanda largesioop,and is suppliedwith dredges,boats,aquaria,microscopes,etc.
4. PhysiologicalPsychology.During the academicyear a courseof lectures,combinedwith labora-
tory work, will be given in connectionwith the psychologicalcoursesofinstruction in theuniversity,underthesupervisionof ProfessorG. StanleyHall.
5. Lectures.ProfessorMartin will lectureweekly to advancedstudentson selected
topics in Physiology. Dr. Brookswill conducta classfor advancedstudentsin Animal Morphology. Short coursesof lectureswill begivenfrom timeto time on otherselectedphysiologicalandmorphologicalsubjects.
6. A JournalClubComposedof the instructorsand advancedstudentsmeetsweekly for the
classicalbiologicalworks,meetweekly duringthegreaterpart of thesession.
8. Library Facilities.The laboratorycontaiiis a library suppliedwith standardbiologicalworks
and completesetsof the more importantjournals. There is alsoa specialcollection of books which have been broughttobetherin connectionwithresearchescarried on in the laboratory. An effort is alwaysmadeto pro-cure for anyoneengagedin aparticular investigationall publicationsbear-ing on his work but not easilyaccessible,as graduationtheses,occasionalpublicationsfrom laboratoriesin Europeandelsewhere,etc. The biologi-cal library receivesregularly aboutfifty biological periodicals,includingall the important physiological or morpholo~ical journals published inEnglish, French,German,or Italian.
The generallibrary of the university receivesall the chiefjournalsofgeneralscience,and the transactionsof theleadinglearnedsocietiesoftheworld.
The library of the PeabodyInstitute, within five minutes’ walk of theuniversity, containscompletesetsof manyof thechief biologicaljournals,of theproceedingsof learnedsocieties,and otherworksof reference.
In the library of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland,alargenumber of medical periodicals is accessibleto membersof the uni-versity.
The proximity of Washingtonis of specialvalueto advancedstudentsofphysiology. The library of the Army Medical Museum in that city con-tainsanalmostunrivalledstoreof physiologicalworks,which are availableunderconditionsfavorableto study.
(Studiesfrom the Biological Laboratory) which containsthe resultsof mostof the researchescarried out in the laboratory; a readymeansof publi-cation for original work is thus secured. The University Gircolai-s, whichappearat short intervals throughoutthe year,are available for prelimi-nary statements,securing priority for discoverieswhile more detailedaccountsare in courseof publication.
III. Naturalists’ Field Club.
This wasorganizedby membersof theUniversity,but includesin its list of membersother residentsof Baltimore interestedin.natural history. The club works in three sections— Geologyand Mineralogy, Zodlogy, Botany. Each section elects its ownofficers and arrangesfor its own field excursionsand its ownmeetings. There are also monthly meetingsof the whole club,whenthe chairmenof the different sectionsreport progressandan addresson sometopic of natural history i~ given by one ofthemembers.
The mineralogicalcollectionsof the club are preservedin theChemicalLaboratory; thebotanicalandzo6logicalin themuseumof theBiological Laboratory.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
I. Laboratory Work.
The Biological Laboratory was open for eight hours, fivedaysweekly, during the academicyear, for the prosecutionofadvancedstudy and researchand for practical instruction inconnectionwith classlectures.
During the year original investigations have beenmade inregardto the folloxving subjects:
The modeof actionof peptonin checkingthecoagulationof blood. Theinfluenceupon the mammalianheartandblood vesselsof cocainandatro-pin. The histological structureof the cerebro-spinalcentre of the frog,and thechangesin thespinalcord follo~vingremovalof thecerebralhemis-pheres. The so-called“suction-pump” action of the heart. Thephe-nomenaof the“knee-jerk.” Thephysiological anatomyof thekneejointof the frog. The influenceof temperaturechangesupon the irritabilityand contractility of muscle. The specific energyof the nervesof taste.The influenceof weak and strong stimulation of the recurrentlaryngealnerveson themovementsof thevocal chords. The formationof thegermlayers in Loligo. The developmentand histology of certain Crustacea.The histologyof Medusme. Thedevelopmentof Limulus.
The resultsof seineof theaboveresearcheshavealreadybeenpublished.Preliminary notices of the resultsof many of the remainderhave beenprinted in the University Oireulars and elsewhere.
In connectionwith the regular class instruction, first yearstudentsstudied a numberof typical fungi, green plants,andanimals; theskeletonsof abouttwenty selectedvertebrates;andthe developmentof the chick in the egg. In the spring therewere fifteen practicallessonsin the elementsof systematicanddescriptivebotany.
Secondyear studentsworkedat thehistologyof thetissuesandorgansof thehighervertebrata(especiallyman); thephysiologi-cal propertiesand functionsof thetissuesandorgans; thephysi-ology of digestion; thechemistryof bile, urine, etc. The cat wasthoroughlydissectedby thesecondyearstudents,andabouttwenty-five selectedinvertebrateandvertebratetypesexamined.
II. Advanced Instruction.
ProfessorMartin lecturedoncea weekthroughoutthesessionon selectedtopics in Physiology. Among the subjectstreatedwere: Recentadvancesin vegetablephysiology; the physiologyof reproduction,pregnancy,andparturition; thephysiologyof theheart; oxidationsin thebody,their seatandexciting causes;thephenomenaof electrotonus.
From Octoberuntil the endof FebruaryDr. W. K. Brookslectured once a week on Morphological Problems, especiallyHeredity; and once a week on “The Ceelenterata.”
Specialcouiuesweregivenas follows:ProfessorMartin. Four lectureson the Theoriesas to the Intimate
Structure of OrganizedMatter.Dr. W. H. Howell. Four lectureson thePhysiologyof Secretion.Mr. J. P. Campbell. Two lectureson the Influence of Pepton on the
Coagulationof theBlood.Dr. H. G. Beyer. Onelectureon theLaboratoryStudyof Drugs.Dr. W. P. Lou~bard. Onelectureon tIme “Knee-jerk” Phen~mnena.
99
JOHNS HOPKINS
Mr. H. V. Wilson. Two lectureson the Ctenophora,and two onMetschnikoff’s “Entwickelungsgeschichte.”
Mr. F. H. Herrick. Two lectureson theCompoundEyesof Crustacca.
Most of the advancedwork was carried on individually, andnot in class, eachworker taking up somespecial topic for studynuderthe immediatedirectionof some one of the instrnctors. Inaddition to the original researchesalready enumerated,certaingraduatestudents havein this mannercarriedon advancedstudyin variousdirections.
III. Class Instruction.
Coursesfor undergraduates,and othersnot preparedto under-takeadvancedwork, weregiven as follows:
Laboratorywork, throughoutthe year. ProfessorMartin, iDr. howell,Dr.Bruce, Dr. Andrews.
GeneralBiology. ProfessorMartin. Thriceweeklyuntil April.Embryology of the Chick. ProfessorMartin. Thrice weekly,from the
beginningof April to theclose of the session.Osteology. Dr. Bruce,Dr. Brooks, and Dr. Andrews. Ticiceweeklyuntil
April.Elementsof SystematicBotany. Dr. Barton. Twicesceckly,~fromthebegin-
ning of April to thecloseqf the sess’ion.Animal PhysiologyandHistology. Dr. Howell. Thricescecklythroughout
the year.Mammalian Anatomy. Dr. Bruce. Twice weekly, daring October and
Nosember.Elementsof Zoblogy. Dr. Brooks. Twice weekly,during December,Jan-
uary, o.nd February. This course wos curtailedfrom that announced,onaccountof Dr. Brooks’sabsenceat the]Jfarine Laboratory.
HumanHistology. Specialpracticalcoursefor physicians. Dr. Howelland Dr. Andrews. Threeafternoosmsa weekfor threemonths.
IV. Reading and Journal Clubs.
TheJournalClub metweeklyuntil theendof February,physio-logical andmorphologicalpapersheingreportedanddiscussedinalternateweeks. After thebeginningof March, theclub metoncea fortnight to considerrecentphysiologicalpuhllcations.
The PhysiologicalReading Club met oncea week. Duringtheyear it read Schwaun’s “Microscopical Researchesinto theaccordancein theStructureandGrowthof Animals andPlants;”and translatedfrom Haller’s Elemenla physiologicv the greaterpart of thesectionlIiEolus numcsculormonphcc’reomncrta.
The Morphological Reading Club met oncea week until theend of February,to read und discussthe essayof Agassiz on“Classification.”
V. Marine Laboratory.
During the month of June, 1886, this laboratory was open,underthedirection of Dr. Brooks, on Abaco Island, one of theBahamas. In addition,Dr. Bruce occupiedthe tableof theUni-versity in the laboratory of the National Fish Commission atWood’s loll; and two other advancedstudentswere at workat Beaufort, N. C. At thesevarious stationsseveral importantresearcheswere commencedor completed,of which reportshavebeenprinted in theUniversityCirculars,No. 54,December,1886.
VI. Publications.
During the sessionthere were published Nos. 8 and 9, com-pleting Vol. III of the “Studiesfrom theBiological Laboratory,”andNo. 1 of Vol. IV. They containthefollowing papers:
A contribution to theEmbryology of theProsobranchGasteropods. ByJ. Playfair MeMurrich, M. A., Ph.D.
TimeAnatomy and Developmentof theSalpaChain. By W. K. Brooks,Ph.D.
A Revolving AutomaticMicrotome. By AdamPfeiffer,Mechanicto theBiological Laboratory.
On theInfluenceof Alcoholson theConversionof Starchby Diastase. ByJ. It. Duggan,M. D., Ph.D.
On theAction of certainSalts upon theArteries. By F.S. Lee, M. A.,Ph.D.
On time Action of Peptonin PreventingBlood Coagulation. By J. P.Cmsmpbell,B. A.
Experimentsin regard to the supposed“Suction-pump”Action of theMammalianHeart. By H. newell Martin, M. A., M. D.,D. Sc., andFrankDonaldson,Jr., B. A., M. D.
On the Influence of Warmthupon tImeIrritability of Frog’s MuscleandNerve. By Chas.L. Edwards,M. A.
Noteon the SpecificEnergyof time Nervesof Taste. By W. H. Howell,PIt. D., andJ. H. Kastle, S. B.
An Improved Formof Dog Holder. By ClmarlesDawson,Janitorof theBiological Laboratory.
A Volume of “SelectedMorphologicalMonographs”wasissuedundertheeditorial directionof Dr. Brooks. Thevolumeis boundin cloth and containsthreehundredand seventypagesandfifty-oneplates,quarto. It containsthefollowing papers:
I. Lucifer: a Studyin Morphology, wit.h 11 Plates. By W. K. Brooks.(Reprintedfrom the PhilosophicalTransactmonsof theRoyal5ocietyof London,m552,
PartI.)II. TheDevelopmentof Renilla, with 16 Plates. By E. B. Wilson.(Reprintedfrom the PhilosopimicamTransactionsof the RoyalSocietyof London,issa,
PartIII.)III. The Life-HistoryoftheHydro-Medusac: a Discussionof time Origin
of theMedusac,andof the Significanceof Metagenesis,witim S Plates. ByW. K. Brooks.
(Reprintedfrom the Memoirs of the BostonSocietyof iNatnralhistory, 1886,VolunteIII, NumherX51.l
IV. Reporton theStomatopoda,with 16 Plates. By W. K. Brooks.(ReprintedfromtheReporton the5cientifieResnitsofthevoyageofH. M. 5. challenger,
during theyears157i—7i: Zodlogy,VohumneXVI, PartXLV, 1886.)
There Isavealsobeen publishedfrom the biological departmentduringthe aca(lcIsucyear severalpreliminary communicationsin theUniversityCirculars. An article by Julius Nelson,on time Sigimificance of Sex, anda translationby H. V. Wilson, of Metschnikoffs paperon Germ Layers,have appearedin t.he American Naturalist. Papershave alsobeenpub-lished in Hay’s Journalof the Medical Sciences,and in the New YorkMedical Record.
VII. Death of Dr. Bruce and Foundation of aMemorial Fellowship.
Dr. Adam T. Bruce(Ph. D, 1886,andlate Fellow), Instructorin Osteologyand Mammalian Anatomy,died February9, 1887.His mother,Mrs. A. T. Bruceof New York, hasgiven $10,000totheUniversityfor thepurposeof foundingafellowshipin Biologyas amemorialof herson. His friendsin PrincetonandBaltimoreproposeto publish as a tribute to his memory his thesison theGerm Layersof InsectsandArachnids.
PATHOLOGY.
The coursesin Pathologywill be conductedby ProfessorNV. H. A tietailedannouncementof thelectures,etc.,will be issuedlaterWELCH, M. D., with the assistanceof Dr. NV. T. COUNCILMAN, andsenton application.
100 [No. 58.
101UNIVERSITY U!?CULAPS.
GREEK.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Greek Seminary.
ProfessorGILDERSLEEVE will conducttheGreekSeminary,theplan of which is basedon the continuousstudyof someleadingauthoror somespecialdepartmentof literature.
The Seminaryconsistsof thedirector, fellows,andscholars,andsuchadvancedstudentsas shall satisfy thedirectorof their fitnessfor an active participation in the work by an essay,a criticalexercise,or somesimilar testof attainmentsand capacity. Allgraduatestudents,however,may havethe privilege of attendingthecourse.
During the next academicyear the studyof the Greek His-torianswill constitute the chiefoccupation of the membersandThukydideswill be the centreof thework. Therewill be twomeetingsa week during the entire session,onefor the criticismand interpretation of the authors in hand, one for auxiliarystudies. Especial attention will be paid to the developmentofhistoricalstyle and method.
In connectionwith theSeminarytherewill be held a seriesofconferenceson GreekHistoriography.
The studentshouldpossessIlerodotos,Thukydides,Xenophon,Polybios,iDionysiosof Halikarnassos(rhetoricalworks), Schiifer’s QuellenkundederGriechisehenGesehiebte,aud Hicks’s Historical [nscriptions.
II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.
1. ProfessorGildersleevewill also conducta course of Prac-tical Exercisesin Greek, consistingchiefly in translationat dic-tation from Greek into English and English into Greek, twomeetingsa week from the beginning of the session to the firstof January.
2. He will also lectureon GreekSyntax onceaweekuntil thefirst of Januaryandthenceforwardtwiceaweek. Specialpoints inhistorical andindividual syntaxwill be assignedfor investigationanddiscussion.
3. Dr. HERBEET WEIR SMYTH will lecturetwice a week onGreekHistorical Inscriptions.
4. Dr. BLOOMFIELD will give a coursein the ComparativeGrammarof Greek,weekly throughtheyear.
The subjectstreatedwill probablyhe: theformation of noun-stems,andnoun-accentalongwith a sketch of the general theoryof Greekaccentu-ation.
5. Noticeof other coursesis reserved.
III. Undergraduate Courses. (Subject to change.)
1. Andocides,De JQjsteri’is.Foto timesweekly,first half-year. Dr. SPIEKER.
5. ProseComposition.Wee/dyexescises in connectionwith each course.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
Under the direction of ProfessorGildersleevethe advancedstudentsof Greek havebeenorganizedinto a Greek Seminary.According to the plan of the seminarythe work of the year isconcentratedon someleadingauthoror somespecialdepartmentof literature,chiefly with referenceto the literary form. Duringthepastyearthecentreof work wasAristophanes.
In the seminaryproper,which met twice a weekduring the academicyear, “The Frogs” was interpretedby the membersin turn, and all theplaysof Aristophaneswereanalyzedandintroductorylecturespreparedbydifferent membersof the seminary. Among the special studiesmay benoted: ‘Parodyand paratragoediain Aristoplianes,’ ‘Repetitionsin Aristo-phanes,’‘Useof the imperativein Aristophanes,’‘The Peloponnesianwarin Aristophanes,’‘Article in Aristophanes,’ ‘The attitude of Euripidestowards nature,’ ‘The 2~yot 6ocavw6~ in Euripides.’ Studieshave beencontinuedfrom a previousyear,viz., ‘Metaphorsandsimilesin Plato’ and‘The hra~ 2Lry6prva of Plato,’ and one of the membersof the seminaryhastakenin handthePindaricdialect.
In connectionwith thework of theSeminaryProfessorGilder-sleevegavefifteen lectureson GreekMetreswith especialreferenceto Aristophanes,and ProfessorJ. H. Wright six lectures on theGreekTheatre.
Besidesthe Seminary course proper, Professor Gildersleevedeliveredthirty-six lectureson theGreekTragic Poets,Aisehylos,Sophokles,andEuripides,with illustrative readings,andeighteenon Hermeneuticsand Criticism (Blassbeingthetext-book),con-ductedtwentyexercisesin translatingatdictation from GreekintoEnglish and English into Greek, and held a seriesof sometenconferenceswith undergraduatestudentson theleadingtopicsofGreekSyntax.
Dr. HerbertWeir Smyth conducteda course,weekly through-out theyear,on Ionic poetry, with specialreferenceto thedevel-opmentof the Ionic dialect.
Lecturesweregiven on the Doneand Aeolicdialects; Iliad I 1—42 wassubjectedto a critical examination(13 recitations); and portions of thefragmentsof Callinus, Archilochus, Simonides Amorginus, Mimnermus,Theognis,Hipponax,andAnacreonmadethesubjectof interpretation.
Dr. Bloomfield gavea courseon the ComparativeGrammarofGreekInflections.
A statement as to this courseis givenon page103.
JULY, 1887.]
102 JOHNSHOPKINS
Additional courseswereconductedby:ProfessorJ. H. Wright in
Sophokies,Antigone; Aesehylus,Prometheus;Lectures on the GreekDrama; Studiesin theAntigone,four timesweekly,first half-year.
Homer, Odyssey,books i, ix, xi; Euripides,Hippolytus,four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.
Dr. SpiekerinLysias,Orations,vii, ii, x’iii, xxiii, xiv, foser timesweekly,firstholf-year.
Classesin ProseCompositionwerealsoconductedby eachof theinstruc-tors in connectionwith eachof thecoursesabovenamed.
Studentshave read privately for examination the followingbooks:
Euripides,Medea,(4).Aristophanes,Clouds, (1).Aeschines,againstCtesiphon, (2); De Corona, (2).Lycurgus, againstLeocrates,(1).Xenophon,Helienica,booksi, ii, (3).Herodotus,]Jferry’s Selections,(1).
LATIN.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Latin Seminary.
Dr. MINTON WAItREN will conductthe Latin Seminary. TbePlaysof Terencewill form thecentreof work. Therewill be twomeetingsaweekduring theentire session,devotedto critical inter-pretation,to variousauxiliary studies,and to the presentationofpaperspreparedby themembersof theSeminary.
Studentsareadvisedto providethemselvesin advancewith Umpfenbach’scritical editionof Terence(Berlin, 1870),orDziatzho’scompletetext-edition(Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 1884). The annotatededitions of the Andria andAdelphoeby Spengel,andof thePhormioandAdelphoeby Dziatxko, willalsobefounduseful. Klotz’s editionof Terence(2 vols., 1838—40, Leipzig),is veryvaluable,asit containsthecommentariesof iDonatusandEngraphius,of whichconstantusewill bemade.
II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.
1 Durincr the first half-year, Dr. Warrenwill give a courseofb
lectureson subjectsclosely connectedwith thework of theSemi-nary,suchas thehistory of RomanComedy,themetresof PlautusandTerence,thepeculiaritiesof earlyLatin syntax.
2. During the first half-year, he will bold a seriesof weeklyconferenceson Latin Syntax.
3. During the secondhalf-year,he will lecture on Latin Epi-graphy,and conducta seriesof weeklyexercisesin the interpre-tationof Latin Inscriptions,especiallythoseof anearly period.
E. Schneider’s “Dialectorum Italicarunx Aevi Vetustioris Exemplaselecta” (Leipzig, Teubuer,1886), will be used as a basis.
4. During thesecondhalf-year,hewill readAulus Gelliuswithaclassonceweekly.
III. Undergraduate Courses.
1. Livy, Iwo books.Four timesweekly,first half-year. Dr. SPIEKER.
Private iReading: Cicero,pro RoscioArnerino; Ca~sar,BelivernGivile, book i.
2. Horace,SelecIOdes,&elires and Epislies.Four timesweekly,secondhalf-year. Dr. SPIEKER.
PrivateReading: Horace,~podes; Ovid, Fasli i and ii.
3. Selectionsfrom Catullus,Tibullus, andPropertius.Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Readingat sight.One hour sveekiy. Dr. WARREN.
5. Tacitus,Agricola,Aussales,booksi and ii.Pane tinsesweekly,secondhalf-year.PrivateReading: Tacitus,Germania,Hislories, book i.
6. ProseComposition.
Weeklyexercisesin connectionwith eachof the abovecourses.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
The Latin Seminary,underthedirectionof Dr. Minton War-ren, held two sessionsa weekthroughout the year,the centreofwork beingVergil.
Selectportionsof theBucolics,Georgics,andAeneidweremadethesub-jectof critical interpretationby themembersof theseminary,andpaperswere readby them embodying theresultsof special studies. Among thesubjectsthus treatedmay be noted: Cacemphatonin Vergil andin theso-called Minor Poems;thecharacteristicsof the poetJuvencus,and theextentof his dependenceupon Vergil; Servius’ treatmentof figures inVergil; theinfluenceof Vergil upon thesyntaxof Livy; thecriticxl valueof theVergilian citationsfound in Nonius Marcellus; also of thosefoundin Macrobius; the relationof Valerius Flaccusto Vergil; theuseof ad inVergil; the position of adverbsin Vergil; Vergil’s useof contract verb-forms; the genuinenessof the Copa; of the Culex; of the Ciris; of theMoretum. Some metricalstatistics for all thebooks of the Aeneidwerealsocollected.
In connectionwith thework of theSeminaryDr. Warrengaveduring the first half-year a courseof weekly lecture8, on topicsconnectedwith Vergil andtheearlyperiodof RomanEpic Poetry.He also held a courseof weekly readingsin Macrobius. In thesecondhalf-year, he gave a courseof weekly lectures in LatinPaleographywith practical exercisesin readingfac-similes ofManuscripts,and oncea ~veekconducteda conferenceon LatinSyntax.
Dr. M. WarreninCicero, Orator, Oratia pro Plancia, three timesweekly,first half-year.Terence,Andria; Plautus,Trinummus,threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Readingat sight, weeklythroughoutthe year.
Dr. SpiekerinLivy, booksxxiii and xxiv,four timesweekly,first half-year.Horace,SelectOdesandSatires,four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.
[No. 58.
JULY, 1887.] UNIVERSITYdRCULAPS.
Tacitus,Germania,Annales,booksii andiii, four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.Classesin Latin ProseComposition,meetingweekly, werealsoconducted
by eachof theinstructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabovenamed.
Students have privately read for examination the followingbooks:
Cicero,Brtetus, (4) ; SelectLetters,(1); Dc Amicitia, (9).Livy, bookiii, (1).
Seneca,Dc Ira, i, (1).Juvenal,Satires, (1).Sallust,BellumJugurthinum,(1).Terence,Hautoatirnorumenos,(3).Plautus,(‘aptivi, (3).Cnsar,Bellum Givile, booksi and ii, (9).Horace,Epodes,(7); Ars Poetica, (1).Ovid, Tristia, (8).Tacitus,Agricola, histories,book i, (2).
SANSKRLT AND THE COMPARATiVE GRAMMAR OF THE COGNATE LANGUAGES.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
Dr. BLOOMFIELD will give thefollowing courses:
I. Sanskrit Seminary.
The most advancedinstruction in Vedic Sanskrit will begivenunder seminary organization, weekly, through the year. The
subjectof theyear’s work will be: The literature of the Atharva-Veda. The orderof themestreatedwill be somewhatasfollows:
1. The positionof theAtharvan in Vedic literature.2. Surveyof thecontentsof thepublishedform of theVeda.3. The ~ffkhhs,or schoolsof theAtharva-Veda.4. The ritualof Atharvan.Dr. Bloomfield hasatpresentin his possession,asloansfrom theBritish
governmentin India andfrom nativescholars,abouttwentyMSS. bearingupon the ritual practicesof the Atharvan. Theseareopento inspectionand study,and afford a somewhatunusualopportunityfor handlingnativematerials,before they have passedthroughscholarly criticism. Some ofthesetexts areto beeditedby membersof theseminary.
II. Sanskrit and Comparative Philology.
1. a. Selectionsfrom the Hitopade9a, and interpretation of
a Sanskrit drama, with an introduction into Pr5~krit. Firsthalf-year.
b. Introduction into theBig-Veda. Secondhalf-year.Twice weekly,throughtheyear.
2. A beginner’s course: Rapid sketch of Grammar; Exercisesin ProseComposition; Readingof Easy Texts.
Twice weekly, through the year.
3. GeneralPrinciples of ComparativePhilology.a. Lectureson the history of Indo-Europeanphilology; phoneticlaw
and analogy; the theoryof agglutination; questionsattachingthemselvesto therelationshipsof languages.
b. Whitney’s ‘Langua.geandtheStudyof Language.’Weekly,through the year.
4. ComparativeGrammar of Greek.Weekly,through the year.(SeestatementunderGreek.)
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
The following courseswere conductedby Dr. Bloomfield:1. The advancedwork in Vedic Sanskritwasdevotedto thesystematic
study of selectedhymns of the Big-Veda. It was introducedby a shortcourseof lectures,in which theposition of theRig-Vedain theliteratureof India wassketched,andin which thevalueof nativeand modernworkbearingupon the Rig-Vedawasdefined. Thestudyof thetext was accom-paniedby a careful analysisof themetre, explanationof theaccentuation,and by constantcomparisonof the phonology, forms and syntaxof theVedic with thecorrespondingfactsof theclassicallanguage.
2. A secondclass in Sanskrit was conductedduring thefirst half-yearthrougha rapid courseof reading,which embracedall theselectionsfromtheHitopadeqaand Kathdsaritsdgara,contained in Lanman’sreader. Dur-ing the secondhalf-year thesameclasswasintroducedinto theelementsofthe Vedic dialect. The result aimed at throughoutwas to furnish thestu-dentswith sucha readingknowledgeof theVedic dialect, aswould enableenablethem to makegood progressby themselveshereafter.
3. The elementarycoursein Sanskritwas conductedupon the basisofPerry’s Sanskrit Primer. The work divided itself into two distinctparts,namely: (1) The acquisitionof SanskritGrammar; (2) Sanskritprosewriting.The studentswere broughtface to face from thestartwith thelanguage,learning its structureand laws not in theabstractonly, but asillustratedby material of thelanguage,and still furtherby beingtaught to imitate inwriting modelsderivedfrom the bestliterature. Towardstheendof theyeartheNala wasreadandanalyzed.
4. A coursein theGeneral Principlesof GomparativePhilology wascarriedon throughoutthe year. It embracedon the onehandanencyclop edicintroduction into the entire domain of linguistic science, on the other asystematicdiscus~ionof theleadin
0principleswhichareappliedby modernsciencein historicalandcomparativeinvestigationsin language. Thecoursewasintroducedby twelve lecturesin which weretreated:The doctrineofphoneticlaws; thecharacter,scopeandsubdivisionsof analogy;thupresentpositionof thedoctrineof agglutination; thequestionsattachingthemselvesto thesubdivisionof familiesof languagesandtherelationshipsofdialects,etc. During the remainderof the year ProfessorWhitney’s ‘Languageand theStudyof Language’wasmadethebasisof instruction,andthebookwasconstantlysupplementedby lecturesand systematiccriticisms.
5. A coursein the GaraparativeGrammar of Greek Inflections. Thiswasinitiated by a courseof ten formal lectures,whoseaim was to exhibit theprecisedegreeof certainty, which attachesitself to the most importanttheory of Indo-Europeanlanguage-history,namely, the theory of aggluti-nation. It was shownthat thereare gravedifficulties in the way of itspractical application,but that on thewhole it afforded the only satisfac-tory accountof theformsof theIndo Europeanword-materialin historicaltimes. The rest ofthe coursewascarriedon upon the basisof Brugmaun’sGreekGrammarand under seminaryorganization. The special subjectstreatedwere: theorigin andform of thepersonalinflectionalelements,and.theformation of thepresentand aoristsystems.
103
JOHNSHOPKINS
SHEMITIC LAiNGUAGES.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
ProfessorHAUPT will give the following courses:
1. Hebrew: Critical Interpretationof theBook of Job.Monday,2 p. m.
LiberJebied.Baer,Lipsiae,1875.
2. Biblical A2Famean:Interpretationof theChaldeeportion ofthe Book of Ezra.
Monday,3 p. in., duringthefIrst half-year.Libri Danielis,Ezraeet Nehemiae,ed. Baer,Lipsiae1882; Kautzsch,Grammatils
Monday,3 p. in., during thesecondhalf-year.E Nestle,BoevislinguaeSyriacaegrammatica,Larolsruhaeat Lipsiae,1881;Theo.
Ndldeke,KursgefassteSyrisaheGrammatik,Leipzig,1880; Aemilius Roediger,GhrestornathiaS’yriaca, Halis 5axonum,editio altera,1888;SyriacNew Testa-meat,London,Bagster;Aegidii Gutbirli LexiconSyriacumed. E. Henderson,London,Bagster.
4. Arabic: Interpretationof selectedsflras of theCori~n.Wednesday,2 p. m.
Sir William Muir, Extractsfrom theLoran in theoriginal, London,1880;Dieterici,Arabisch-DeutschesHandw8rterbnchzumKoran, Leipzig, 1881; Penrice,Dic-tionaryof theKoran,London,1873.
5. Assyrian: Interpretation of the CuneiformAccount of theDeluge.
Wednesday,3 p. in., duringthefirst half-year.Delitzsch,AssyrischeLesestdcke,3rdad. Leipzig,1885.
6. Babylonian: Introduction to the studyof Babylonian textsandinterpretationof selectedcuneiforminscriptions.
Wednesday,4 p. in.Sir Henry Rawlinson,TheCoenesforminscriptionsof WesternAsia, Vols. I and
Y, London,1861 and 1884;Theo. G.Pinches,Textsin the B ylonian Wedge-iVriting, London,1882 (Societyof Biblical Archeeology).
7. Sumero-Akkadian:Elementsof the andreadincrofgrammar bselectedgrammaticaltexts,incantations,hymns,andpeniten-tial psalms.
Wednesday,3 p. in., duringthesecondhalf-year.Haupt, Keilschrifttexte,Parts I—lilY, Leipzig, 1880-81; 1-laupt, Die akkadische
Sprache,Berlin, 1883.
Dr. CYRUS ADLER, late Fellow, will also give elementaryinstruction throughout the year in:
1. Hebrew(two classes).2. Ethiopic.3. Assyrian.
And will lecture:1. OntheHistory of AssyriaandBabylonia(first half-year).2. OntheHistory of Israel (secondhalf-year).
Eachclasswill meettwice weekly.Text-books:Hebrew,Gesenius-Kautzsch,HebrewGrammar,translatedby Edward
c. Mitchell, Andover, 1886;Liber Genesisad. Baer,Lipsiae,1869;B. Davies,hebrewLexicon,revised by E. c. Mitchell, Andover,1886;Ethiopia, A. Dill-mann’s C’hrestomathiaAethi icc, Lipsise, 1868; Fr. Priitorius, AethiopischeGramnatilc,Karlsrnheund Leipzig, 1886; Assyrian,Haupt, Keilschrffttexte,PartI, Leipzig,1880.
In pursuanceof theplan adoptedlast year,ProfessorHaupt’scoursesin Hebrew,Arabic,Chaldee,andSyriacwill beinterruptedduring themonth of January,1888,and all the time devotedtothestudyof Assyriology with specialreferenceto the bilingualtexts. ProfessorHauptwill give twenty-fourlectureson Sumero-Akkadianlanguageandliterature,interpretinghisAkkadianandSumeriantexts,PartsI—IV, publishedby J. C.Hinrichs, Leipzig,1880—82. Therewill alsobe two hoursof instructiondaily by the
Fellows in Shemitic Languagesto assistthosewho arefollowingthecourse. By specialrequest,an additional coursein Ethiopicwill be conductedduring that period. A fuller programmeofthesecourseswill be mailedto applicantsat thebeginningof thenextsession,October,1887.
The coursesconductedby Dr. Adler will not be affected bythis arrangement.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
Thework in Shemiticbeingarrangedfor a three years’courseandthe first triennium after the organizationof thedepartmenthaving terminatedwith last year, the classesduring the session1886—87werechiefly devotedto introductory trainingin thevari-ousShemitic languages.
Fifteen different courseswere given, eight by ProfessorHauptand the rest by the Fell6ws in Shemitic, Dr. CyrusAdler andMr. EdgarP. Allen, under the supervisionof ProfessorHaupt.During the month of Januarya special course in Assyriologywas given. The regular Shemitic courses (elementaryHebrewexcepted)were interrupted for that period and all the timeexclusively devotedto the study of the cuneiform inscriptions.
In theHebrewcoursefor beginnerstile book of Ruthwasread,thesoundsand formsof thesacredtonguebeingthoroughlystudiedin connectionwithaminutephilological analysisoftheHebrewtextin Baer-Delitzsch’sedition.The grammarusedwas Dr. Mitchell’s translationof Gesenius-Kautzsch.
In the Critical interpretation‘of selectedPsalmsfifty-four Psalmswere read,somewholly, somein part, the chiefaim being to introduce the studentsinto thesystemof Hebrew syntaxandto familiarize themwith tile vocabu-lary and thestyle of thePsalter. Thework centredaboutthecritical studyof Psalms137,138,3, 11,13, specialstressbeinglaid on textualcriticism andinvestigationconcerningdate and authorship.
In Biblical Arameantheessentialelementsof thegrammarwereacquiredafter the paradigm-tablesin the Baer-Delitzschedition of Libri Danialis,Ezraa at Nahamicawith constantreferenceto E. Kautzsch’sCrammatik desBiblisch-Aramdischan,afterwhich the readingof the Arameanportions ofthe book of Daniel was enteredupon. Exegeticaland critical problemswere fully discussed,aboveall the mysteriousoracle Daniel v, 25: Manemanetaqalupharsinmeaning“there hasbeen counteda mina, a shekelandhalf minas,” thehalf mina’s (par ~n) alludingto thedivision of theempirebetweenthe Medes and Persians,themina (m~ni) referringto Nebuchad-nezzar,followed by the sheqel(tdq~l), the sixtiethpart of the mina, sym-bolizingBelshazzar,theunworthysuccessorof the greatBabylonianking.
Thesethree coursesin Old TestamentPhilology weresupplementedbyexercisesin Hebrewgrammar,especiallythe studyof the paradigms,andsight-readingof both pointedandunpointedtexts.
Altonethersevenhoursweekly weredevotedto thestudy of the.Bible.In Arabica newcoursefor beginnerswasgiven. Theformswerestudied
after theParadigmandar arabischan,S’chrsftsprachaeditedunder the auspicesof the Imperial Oriental Academyof Vi~na, and the syntaxwas taughtby meansof written exercisesconsistingin thetranslationof selectgdsen-tencesfrom Englishinto Arabic. The ThirdVoyageof SindbtdtheSailorfrom theArabian Nights wasreadfrom beginningto end.. The languagewaschiefly studied from a comparativepoint of view,constantregardbeingpaid to thepointsof agreementanddisagreementwith thesisteridioms.
Assyriologywasthecentreof thework. During themonthof Januarynolessthantwenty onehoursweekly weredevoted to thestudyof the cunei-form texts. Two hours daily isldividual instruction in the elementsofAssyrianscriptandlanguagewasgivenby theFellowsin Shemiticassisted
104 [No. 58.
UNIVERSITY CIRCC/LA]?S.
by otheradvancedstudentsof Assyriology,and ProfessorHaupt delivereda courseof twenty lectureson ComparativeAssyrian Grammarin whichafter a general introduction thefollowing subjectswere speciallytreated:Dialectical differencesbetween Assyrian and Babylonian; Relation ofAssyrianto Ethiopic; Chief peculiaritiesof Assyrian;The E-vowel; TheSibilants; Spirationof the r~mi~ in Assyrian; Labial Nasal and LabialSpirant; Absenceof a consonantal and in Assyrian;Assimilation,etc.,etc. In addition to these twentylectures,Professor Haupt conductedtenexercisesin readingthecuneiformsyllabariesandextractsfrom theAnnalsof Sardanapalus.
In theregularAssyriancoursecarried on through the year,a completesurveyof AssyrianGrammarwasgiven with specialreferenceto thenomi-nal formations,and the following texts in DelitzschsAssyriseheLesestiickewerereadand explained: (1) The 380 numbersof the greatsyllabary 5b
followed by the syllabariesSb, and 5b2 aswell asthe greatfour-columned
syllabary5c, 11. 1—334 andthesmaller fragmentsof the classSc; (2) FromtheAnnals of ShalmaneserII (860—824 B. c.): his victory over HazaelofDamascus; (3) From litar’s Descentto Hades: her arrivalat thegatesofthe underworld; (4) From the Annals of Aisurbanipal (668—626B. c.):thesecondElamitic campaignandconquestof Susa; (5) Fromthe brokenhexagonalprism of Esarhaddon(681—668 B. c.): Esarhaddon’svictory overhis parricidal brothers; (6) Three Ilunting Inscriptionsof Assurbanipal;(7) ThreeAstronomicalReports; (8) TheAssyrianVersionof theSumerianFamily Laws; (9) Thefirst fragmentof theBabyloniancosmogonicalseries,K. 5419; ef. FriedrichDelitzsch,AssyriseheLesestileke,3rd edition, Leipzig,1885, pp.53—79; 93,B, 1; 100,3; 113—114,5; 117,7; 118—121,9; 121,10; 122, 11; 130—132, 2, a, column b. ~
During the first half-yearonly two hoursweekly couldbe devotedto thestudyof Assyrian;but after theSpecialCoursein Januarythenumberwasincreasedto four, two additional hoursbeing added to theregularclasses.
ENGLISH, ANGLO-SAXON, GERMAN, AND OTHER TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Advanced Courses.
English Seminary.(a) In thefortnightly Seminarymeetingstheresultsof literary orgram-
maticalinvestigationsin anyperiodof Englishmaybepresentedashitherto.In 1887—88, thespecial subjectof investigationwill be theLiterary Rela-tions of England and Germanyin the 16th century. The work will bepursuedcomparatively,and a part of thesubjectswill beassignedin con-nection with the classand private readings in GermanLiterature (seeCourse4). Dr. Woodwill have chargeof theSeminary.
(b) The poetsof the “RomanticMovementin English Literature” willbestudiedas in 1886-7in classmeetings,weekly, conductedby Dr. Bright.
TeutonicSeminary.Twice weekly. Dr. WOOD.The subjectfor the year 1887—8 will be Old High German. Braunes
Graminatik,Halle, 1886, and Lesebuch,2nd ed., Halle, 1881, will form thebasisof thework. Studentsshouldhavepursuedcoursesin GothicandGer-man ComparativeGrammarbefore taking active part in thework of theSeminary. rrheaim of thecourseis to presentascompletea view as possi-ble of the High Germanlanguagein thisperiod,and of its developmenttowards Middle High and Modern German. Eachrepresentativedialectwill be consideredseparately,the chief objectbeing,however,to fix andemphasizethe phonetic and historical relationsof eachto theremainingmembersof the group. Recentliterature on thesubjectwill be reportedon anddiscussedin theclass.
Selectedreadingswill be undertakenby eachmemberof theSeminaryin later representativeperiodsof someoneof thechiefdialects,andocca-sional reports made. In the Allemannic dialect, for example, ThomasPlatter’s Selbstbiographie(16th cent.),and Hebel’sAllemannische&edichteare two of the illustrations chosen. Where possible, works of literarymerit will be selectedfor the private readings,but the chief attentionthroughthe whole coursewill be directedto the linguistic developmentof High German.
Dr. BRIGHT will conductthe following courses:1. Anglo-SaxonPoetry.
The work of the pastyear on the Cynewulf cycle will be continuedthroughouttheyear. Twiceweekly.
2. Middle English Grammar.Lectures. Twice weekly,first half-year.
2. Historical Readings.Weekly,and twiceweeklyin alternateweeks.Freytag,Bilder II (AusdensZeitalterderReformation).
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.English.
Advancedcourseswereconductedas follows:Early in the year thework of the English Seminarywas differentiated
in a mannerto give scopeand opportunityto studiesin literature. Thefortnightly meetingswere restrictedto reports on journals, and the dis-cussion of original investigationsby the students,while themore definiteeffortsin thedirectionof thestudyof particularauthorssuppliedtheneces-sarybasisfor theorganizationof a separateclass. The planof workadoptedfor this classwas,in the main, that which hasbeenwidely employed inseminariesfor the study of periodsof history. A periodof literaturewasselectedanda distributionof itssignificant poetsmadeamongthemembersof the class. The studentsthen in turn presented“studies” on theirassignedauthorsand topics, and thus a more or lesscomplete studyandpresentationof a wide-reachingliterary problem was secured,with theadditional gain,in the caseof theindividual student,of increasedexperi-encein research,andof facility andpowerof expression. Theperiodthusintroduced,and which will be continuedduring the next year, was thatknownas theRomantic Movementin English Poetry. Paperswerepre-sentedat theweekly meetingsof the classonCowper, Crabbe,Chatterton,Churchill, Coleridge,Blake,ErasmusDarwin, Wordsworth,Byron, Shelley,Keats, andLamb.
A courseof lecturesat thebeginningof theyearby Dr. Bright,on Anglo-Saxon versification,was followed by a critical study of the text of theAndreas,and thecursoryreadingof theElene andtheJuliana (twiceweeklythroughouttheyear). For specialphilological work theVespasianPsalter(Sweet’sOldestEnglish Texts) was employed. In a courseof weekly lec-turesan introductionto themorespecial featuresof Anglo-SaxonGrammarwasgiven, and studentsbeginning the coursemet weekly for the readingof theproseof Aelfric andof Wulfstan. The generalprinciplesof Phonet-icswerealsotreated in a courseof weekly lecturesextendingthrough theyear.
A statementof Dr. Wood’s coursein Beowulfis givenunder German.
The minor (first year’s) coursewas directedby Drs. Browne and Bright.In thefirst half-yeartheclassstudiedwith Dr. Browne the writers of theElizabethanperiod. Both theprose-writersandpoetsof that periodwereexamined,butespecialattentionwasgivento thedevelopmentof thedrama.The dramaimmediatelyprecedingShakespearewas illustrated from Mar-lowe; theShakespeariandramawasstudied in Hamlet,andthelater Eliza-bethandramawasrepresentedby Webster.
In thesecondhalf-yearthe literatureof thefourteenthcenturywastakenup. The texts readwereChaucer’sPardomeresTale andOhanouasYemannes
106 [No. 58.
JULY, 1887.] UiYIVERSITYCJPCULAPS.
Tale, with their Prologues,portions of Piers the Plowmanand Pierce thePloughman’sGrede,with shorterspecimensfrom Wyclif andotherwriters ofthe period. Lectures on the literature of the eighteenthcentury, withreadings,weregivenonceweekly to this class.
For thosebeginningthestudyof Anglo-Saxon,a classwasconducted,byMr. Eg
0e,in Sweet’sAnglo-Scw~onReader. The beginnersin Middle Eng-lish formed a class,conductedby Mr. Egge,in Morris’s Specimensi.
The major, or second year’s course,was conductedby Drs.Bright andBrowne.
A part of theclassmet Dr. Browne onceweekly to studythe earlyScot-tish poetry. Extractswerereadfrom Barbour’sBrace,Wyntoun’sCronykil,TheKingis Quair of JamesI., Henryson’sPoems,Holland’s Howlat, Henrythe Minstrel, Rauf Gailycar, Dunbar,Gawin Douglas,and Lindsay. Thereadingwas accompaniedwith historicalillustrations.
Thework in the coursewhich is requiredof all undergraduatescoveredthewhole field of EnglishLiteraturefrom theearliestperiodto theopeningof the presentcentury. The historical developmentof the literature,asco6rdinatedwith that of thepeople,wassteadilykept in view, and its con-tinuity insistedon. Chaucer’sPrologueand Knightes Tale, Shakespeare’sMacbeth,and part of Milton’s ParadiseLostwere readaloud by the class,undertheguidanceof theinstructor.
Essaysby theundergraduateswere submitted to the instructor,who, inhis comments,did not merelycorrecterrors,but aimedat inculcating theprinciplesof good writing.
German.
Dr. Wood gave the following advancedcourses:
In theTeutonicSeminarythesubjectof Low German,begunin thecoursefor 1885—86, and carried down to the fourteenthcentury, was continued.During the first half-yearLauremberg’sScherzgedichte(seventeenthcen-tury) were read, and the smaller contemporarypoemsin Lappenberg’sedition were taken up. Low Germanformswerecomparedin detailwithHigh Germanand English (including thedialects). Therewerealsopri-vate readingsin ModernLow German(Plattdeutsch). During thesecondhalf-yearFranck’sMittelniederliindischeChrestomathie(Leipzig, 1883)wasused,and thefollowing extractswereread:Van denVosReinaerde,Maer-lant’s SpieghelHistoriael,Beatrijs,JanvanHeelu’sIRijmkronijc, DerLekenSpieghel,Melis Stoke’sIRijmkroaijc.
The particularaim of thetwo years’ coursein Low Germanwas to takeadvantageof theposition of that language,midwaybetweenEnglish andGerman,for supplying the links and steps of transition betweenthetwolatter,both in phonologyand morphology. The studythus becameapartof the coursein GermanComparativeGrammar,and is anapplicationofthe principlesof the latter in a special field. In addition to this chieffeatureof thecourse,thevalueof Low Germanin general,andparticularlyof Middle Dutch, for clearingup the history of manyEnglishwordswasparticularlydwelt on and illustrated. High Germanwords of Low Germanorigin werecomparedwith thecorrespondingEnglishforms. Listsof excep-tions the law of progressionof muteswere made and asfar aspossible
tosub-categoriesof consonantchangewere formulated. In both the LowGermanand Dutch courses,the literature representedby the works readwas comparedwith High Germanand English productionsof the sameperiods.
In the coursein Gothic Braune’sGrammarand Bernhardt’sVulfila wereused. During thesecondhalf-yearrecentdissertationsandmonographsonGothic grammarand syntaxwere reviewedand reportedonby themem-bersof theclass,as apart of thework.
In Old Norse the elder Edda wasstudied,andthefollowing partsread:The Helgi lays, Grfmnismhl,Yyluspd.
The coursein Middle high German was introducedby eight public lec-tures,givenin Januaryand February,on theNihelungenLied. The poemwas then taken up in classwork, and thefollowing Aventiurenread: 1—3,5—7, 9, 10, 14—16, 27, 28.
Lectureson GermanComparativeGrammarweregiventwiceweeklythroughtheyear. The coursein Beowu~begun1885—6, was continued,andverses1889 to theendwereread. The wholeof Beowulf havingbeenreadcriti-cally with this classin 1884—5, a good translationof thepoemwastheprin-cipal objectaimed at in this course. Parallelsin expressionwere soughtin ElizabethanEnglish,in the Englishdialects,Old Norse,etc., and par-ticular attentionwasdirectedto thehistory of thesimile and metaphorinEnglish. Careful renderingsof assignedpassageswere made by differentmembersof the class,on Elizabethanpoetical models,in prose,in allitera-tive verse,etc. Sievers’metrical categoriesfor Anglo-Saxon(Beitriige X)weretestedfor modernEnglish,and someexaminationwasmadeof changesin therelativemetrical stressof wordsandin sentence-accent.
A private meetingof advancedstudentsin Teutonicswasheldweekly,first half-year,and bi-weekly, secondhalf-year. The contentsof recentjournalsand monographswerereportedon anddiscussed,andthefollowingoriginal paperswere read: The useof dn in Anglo-Saxon,particularly inBeowulf; The conjunctionmanin Low German; Geweor~anasan imper-sonalverb in Anglo-Saxon; The meaningand useof wer~anin theGer-manic languages;Romancemetrical formsin GermanandEnglish poetry;Note on Shakespeare’suseof theterm: horn-mad; Dialectical formsin theEnglish of BedfordCo., Virginia.
Undergraduatecourseswere conductedas follows by Dr. Goe-bel, Mr. Learned,andDr. Wood.
Minor (First Year)CoarseA.Lessing,Minnav. Barnhelm. Weekly,first half-year.Goethe, Egmont; Heine, Harzreiseand Buch Le Grand(1 chapter).
Twice weekly.Goethe, Gdtzv. Berlichingen(3acts). Weekly,secondhalf-year.Historical Readings:Freytag,Bilder III, pp. 13—40, 100—144, 188—216,
266—275. Twice weekly.Scientific Readings: Haeckel, Ueber Arbeitstheilung in Natur- und
Menschenleben;Humboldt, Ansichtender Natur (80 pages). Twiceweekly.Oral Practice. Weekly.ProseComposition. Weekly.Minor (First Year) CourseB.Otis, ElementaryGerman. Daily, first six weeks.Buchheim,GermanReaderII. Twiceweekly.Lessing,Minna v. Barnhelm;Schiller, Wilhelm Tell (4 acts). Twice
long scene). Twice weekly.Middle High German:Paul’sGrammatik,Weinhold’sLesebuch.Weekly.Masius’ LesebuchIII, Nos. 110, 113, 125, 126, 128.GermanLiterature. Weekly.ProseComposition. Weekly.
StpplemertlaryClass.Otis’ ElementaryGerman.Buchheim’sGermanReaderI.Whitney’s Grammarandexercisesin ProseComposition. Daily, through
theyear.A classin GermanConversationwas conducteddaily, through
107
theyear.
JOHNSHOPHLWS
ROMANCE LANGUAGES.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Advanced Courses in Romance Philology.
Thework in RomancePhilology for properlyqualifiedstudentsextendsthroughthreeyears. It is intendedprimarily for graduatestudentsand isespeciallyadaptedto thetrainingof teachersandspecialists. Studentswhoenterfor thelateryearsof the coursemust showthat they are acquaintedwith the subjectspreviouslystudied,andthosewho beginthecoursemustgiveevidenceof familiarity with Latin, ModernFrench,and German.
Mr. ELLIOTT:
1. With first year graduatestudents.
First Half-Year:(a). Lectureson Modern French Phonetics.Weekly.(b). The History of RomanceStudiesin Europe.Weekly.SecondHalf-Year:(e). Introduction to Old French Philology.Aucassinet Nicolite (Suchier’sedition). Weekly.
2. With secondand third year graduatestudents:(a). SeminaryWork.Continuationof last year’swork in theexaminationof extractsfrom the
Altfranzas.Uebnaysbach(Fbrsterund Koschwitz). The FragmentdeValen-cienneswill be thestarting-pointof theseexercises. Twohours weekly.
(b). ComparativeRomanceMorphology.Diez’ Grainmatik der IlomanisehenSprachenis heremadethebasis from
which thework is carriedon,while theadvanceof Romancemorphologicalsciencesince Diez’ time claims the special attentionof the student andformsthebulk of materialwith which lie hasto deal. Weekly.
(e). LanguedOll Dialects.Lecturesongeneralcharacteristics~examinationof dialecttexts,and the
pointingout of their dialectfeaturesby thestudent. lVeekly.
(d). Introduction to Italian Philology (Boccaeeio).Weekly.
(e). ~talian Dialects.Continuationof last year’s work. Weekly.
(f). Introduction to Old FrenchPalaeography.Weekly,secondhalf-year.
II. Special Coursesin Italian, Spanish, etc.
(Thesecoursesare planned to meet the wants of graduatestudentsinRomanceLanguages. Italian, Spanish,and Old Provengalare giveneveryyear. The combinations (a) Ractian and Modern Proveugal, (b) Ron-manian and Catalan, (e) Portugueseand Galician, are offcred in threesuccessiveyears,sothat candidatesfor thedoctor’s degreehave anopportu-nity of following all thesesubjects.)
Dr. TODD:
1. Italian.The classin Italian will beginwith theItalian Prineipict, PartsI and H,
andwill readlateracomedyby Goldoni. In thesecondhalf-year,Ariosto’sOrlandoFurioso will be readasa parallelcourseto thecritical studyof theOld FrenchPoland; and Dante’sPargatoriowill be interpreted.
2. Spanish.The class in Spanishwill begin with Knapp’sGrammarandReadings,
and will continuewith Don QaijoteandEl PoemadelQid.
3. Old Provencal.Bartich’s Ghrestornathicprovengaicwill be usedin the studyof Old Pro.
ven~al.
4. RaetianandModernProven9al.In Raetianthetext-booksusedwill be Andeer’sBh&;toromanischeEleosen-
taryrammnotik(with Gartner’sGrammatikfor reference),and Ulrich’s Phd-toromaniseheChrestomathie. First half-year.
In ModernProvengal,Mistral’s Mireio will becritically studied. Secondhalf-year.
III. Special Lectures on Literature.(The coursein Old French literature for graduatestudentscovers two
years, of which the secondhalf will be given in 1887—88. Italian andSpanishliteratureareoffered in alternateyears. ProvengalandPortuguesetogetheroccupya year.)
Dr. F. M. WARREN:
1. Old French.Comedy, lyric poetry and general history of the literature from the
AdvancedCourseswere conductedas follows:The RomanceSeminary,underthedirection of Mr. Elliott. Two hours
a weekthrough the year.The work centeredhereon theSermentsdeStrasbourgandtheGantiline de
SainteEulalie, for both of which MS. fac-simileswereused. The character-isticsof thesemanuscripts,theirspeechpeculiarities(phoneticand morpho-logical) in their relationto theClassic and Low Latin and to thelater OldFrench aswell asto the modernlanguage,their dialectand theextensivecritical apparatusbelonging to the two texts,formed thehulk of materialwith which the Seminarywas occupied. Specialemphasiswaslaid on anexaminationof fundamentalquestionsof FrenchPhoneticsaspresentedinthe linguistic productsof thesemonuments.
In addition to this course,followed by themostadvancedstudentsonly,a meeting,of two hours,was held once a fortnight in which all specialstudentsof this departmenttook part. The exerciseshereconsistedin thereadingof original papersbearinguponlinguistic and literary subjects,ofextractsof importantarticles in Romancejournals,of general reportsonthe journalsthemselves,of reports on recentpublicationsreceivedandonany suggestivecorrespondence,of a professionalnature,that might be pre-sented. By this means,studentsin theearlypartof their university studieshavethebenefitof direct andactiveassociationwith theirmoreexperiencedco-workersin thefield.
Introductionto Old French Philology. This courseis intendedfor firstyearstudentsa.ndregularlyfollows the seriesof lectureson ModernFrenchPhonetics,asgiven below. A few pagesof Aucassinet Nieolite (Suchier’sedition)were critically examinedwith special referenceto thephonologyand morphologyof thelanguage. For theformer,theconstantapplicationof t.he principlesof Frenchphonologywas required,while, for the latter,the studentwas thoroughlydrilled in the gra~marof theOld Frenchascomparedwith theLatin on theonehand,and with theModernFrenchontheother. Theleadingcharacteristicformsof thedialecthererepresentedwere contrastedwith correspondingones in the Isle-de-Francespecies.Weekly,secondhalf-year.
During the pastyear this coursewas continued,one houra week, forsecond.yearstudents. Theexercisesherewereof a pro-seminarycharacter,particular attention being given to points of grammarand languageforwhich timewas wantingin theregularSeminarywork.
Lectures: (a) On theItalian Dialects. Theobjectof this coursewas togive theleadingcharacteristicsof thechiefdialects(Genoese,Piedmontese,Milanese,Venetian,and Bolognese,for the North Italian group; Neapoli-tan, Calabrian,Sicilian, and Sardinian,for theSouthItalian group). Thesystem followed in carrying out thisideawas,first, to give a seriesof lec-tureson the geographicaldistribution and most striking peculiaritiesasfound in the phoneticsand morphologyof each individual idiom and,assoonasa given dialectwasthus presented,texts were translatedand theirdialectic featurespointedout by thestudent. Weekly.
(b) Modern French Phonetics. This coursewasintendedfor first yearstudentswho wished to become specialistsin the RomanceLanguages.After a survey of the generalprinciplesunderlyingsoundandsign changein. French,the va.rious phoneticcategorieswere taken up and severallydealt with in their historic developmentout of the Classic andtheLowLatin products. The student was held here to modernformsexclusivelyandtaughtto makeuseof scientific methods. Weekly,first half-year.
(e) ComparativeRomancePhonology. Here an attempt was ma.detogrouptogetherthegenerallawsbearingupon thesamesubjectin RomancePhonetics,to note the action of like tendenciesto law in differentmem-bersof thegroup,and to classifythemoreimportantdifferencesof phoneticdevelopmentaccordingto theirgeneticrelations. IVeekly.
(d) Old FrenchSyntax. An attemptwasmadehereto presentthemoreimportant featuresof word-arrangementfor the earliestproseandfor thethirteenthcenturypoetryof Old French,in theiragreementwith theLatin,on the onehand,andvariation from modernusage,on theother. To thisend, the generalprinciples of sentenceformation in non-inflectedas con-trasted with inflected languageswere given and illustrated by examplesdrawn from the logical and
0ra.mmaticalconstructions;the relation ofsimple clauseelements;word-settingin thesentenceand,finally, sentencetaxis were discussedand the varying liberty of constructionin semi-syn-theticspeechwasconstantlykeptbefore thestudent. Weekly.
(e) The History of RomanceStudiesin Europe. The history of thevarious theories,from the fifteenth centurydown, with referenceto theorigin and growth of the RomanceLanguageswas succinctlygiven, thewritin~s of individual scholars that haveworkedin thefield werecharac-terized, and the chief treatises, monographs,and articles of thosenowengagedin Romancestudies,their official standing,the universitieswithwhich they are connectedand their speciallines of work werenoted,andcritical remarksmade on the generalbearingof their productionsfor thesubjectswhich they treat. This coursewas intendedto put the studentabreastof thepresentscientificproductionin this field. Weekly.
In addition to theabove,specialcoursesin Italian, Spanish,Old Proven-9a1, Catalan, and Roumanianwere conductedfor graduatestudentsbyDr. Todd:—The classin Italian have readnumerousselectionsfrom theItalian Prineipia, Part II; and have madea special study of Leopardi’spoetry,including abouttwenty-fivecompletepoems. Thewholeof Dante’sInfernowasinterpretedto theclassby Dr. Todd,in aseriesof fifteen publicreadings. Exercisesin grammarweregiven threetimes weekly in con-nectionwith the above,duringthegreaterpart of theyear.
The class in Spanishhave readthe selectionsfrom Larra, Andueza,MesoneroRomanos,Selgasand Castelar, in Knapp’s SpanishReadings;El Barometro(comedia);and four chaptersof Don Quijate. Exercisesingrammarweregiventwice weekly throughthefirst half-year.
In Old Proven9alwere readthe Poiime sur Boieeandtheselections(inBartsch’sChrestomathy)from Ugo Catola,Jaufre Rudel,RaimbautIII,Guillem de Cabestaing,Peire Rogier,Garin he Brun, GuirautdeBorneill,PeireVidal andBertramdeBorn.
Theclassin Catalanhavereadthe fJronacadeRamunMiuntaner,chaptersVI. to XVII., inclusive.
In Roumanian,the greaterpart of Cionca’s PractischeGrammatikwasstudied,with theexceptionof theEnglishexercises.
The following coursesof lecturesfor graduatestudentswere given byDr. F. M. Warren.
1. Old FrenchLiterature —The originsoftheepic poetryandits historyto its final extinctionin the XVth centurywereconsidered,the importantmanuscriptsnoted and described,and the theories of versification com-mentedupon. In thesamemannerthe sourcesand historyof the BretonCycle andof theLiturgical dramawerediscussedanddeveloped. Weekly,through theyear.
2. ltalian Literature: —Thehistory of Italian literaturewastreatedfromits beginningsto therevival in the XVIIIth century. Especialattentionwasgivento theearlylyric poetry,the trecentisti andtheimportantfeaturesof the Renaissancemovementunder the Medici and the Houseof Este.Weekly,through the year.
UndergraduateCourses.The studentsof the Major Coursehave readwith Dr. Todd: In Old
French,the whole of Aucassinet Nicol~te (Suchier’sedition), and the ex-tracts(Bartsch’s(Jhrestomathiedel’ancienfran9ais) fromLesplusanciensmon-umes~ts,Chanson de Roland, Contesdel Graal, Renart, Romande la Rose,Chansonsclw Chdtelain de Coucy, Li Lais del Chenrefoil, Villehardouin, Join-ville andFroissart. Twice weekly,first half-year.
In Middle French (Darmesteterand Hatzfeld’s Morceaux(‘hoisis) theyhave read the selections from Gaivin, FranQois de Sales,Montaigne,LaSatyre 2VUnipp~e,Rabelais,C’l~ment Marot, andRonsard. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.
In theFrenchof theXVIIth centurytheclasshavereadwith Dr. F.M.Warren Le Menteurof Corneille; Andramaqueof Racine; Les Pr~cieusesRidicules and LesFemmesSavantesof Moli~re, with a view to the influenceof theprfcieuxon thelanguageand literatureof thetime. Weekly.
Lectureson Old andMiddle French literaturewere given by Dr. F. M.Warren,using Saintsbury’sHistory of FrenchLiterature as a text-book.The intentionwasto exhibit thebestspecimensof literarycompositionandto comparetheviewsof French and Englishcritics. Weekly.
Exercisesin FrenchCompositionwerecarriedon in connectionwith thespecialcoursein GroupVII.
In theMinor Coursethestudentshavereadwith Dr. F. M. Warren: SainteBeuve, Causeries du Lundi, with referenceto the authors there criticised,selectionsfrom Les Mis&ables by Victor Huao, and Numa RoumestanbyAlphonseDaudet. The Buy Blas of Victor Hugo was studiedwith refer-enceto the distinguishingfeaturesof the Romantic Drama. During thelatter part of theyear,half-hourtalks have beengivenon thegeneralfield
109
JOHNSHOPKINS
of FrenchLiterature,usingSaintsbury’sPrimer of FrenchLiteratureasatext-book.
In historicalFrench,aboutone hundredandseventypagesof Voltaire’sSiicledeLouis XIV have beenread; and in Scientific Frenchsomethreehundred pagesof Luquiens’ Course. Hennequin’s French Idioms wasusedduringthelatter part of theyear,and in ProseCompositionexerciseswereprepared,with studyof illustrative sentences,on PartII. of Whitney’sGrammar.
The JOHNS HOPKINS PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION has metmonthly as heretofore. Papershavebeen read during the ses-sion by:
C. ADLEst.—SemiramisandtheBabylonianNimrod Epic.E. P. ALLEN—Assyrian and Hebrew noun-formswith doubled third-
stemconsonants.M. BLOOMFIELD—On Four Hymnsof the AtharvaVeda.A. E. EGGE—ScandinavianInfluenceon English.A. M. ELLIoTT.—Noteon a recentlydiscoveredRussianManuscript.H. C. ELMER—Que,et,atquein Latin Inscriptions,in Terenceand in
Cato.B. L. GILDERsLRRvE.—Studiesin theSymposiumof Plato.J. Guauru~.—Poetryin theChronicleof Limburg (1347—1398);Note on
Goethe’s“Goldscbmied’sGesell.”J. L. HALL—On theChronologyof theEast-MidlandMonuments;Note
on two passagesin theBeowulf.T. HOMME—The GrammaticalObject.
P. HAUPT—On theEtymologyof Nekasim; On thePronunciationof trin Old Persian.
F. G. HUBBARD—Remarkson the “Blooms” of King Alfred.C. LANIER.—A DisputedWordin Hamlet.J. E. MATzI=E.—Onthe Developmentof el+ consonantin the Langue
d’oil Dialects.F. P. RA1XIsAY.—ProposedExegesisof theHeptaemeron.H. SdHILLING—The Anglo-SaxonMetrical Fragmentof the Fight of
Finnsburgandits relationto theFinn Episodein Beowulf.NI. S. SLAUGHTER—Studiesin theVocabularyof Terence.H. W. 521vr11.—Critiqueon Leaf’s Iliad; On somerecentviews as to
the Placeof Origin of Iliad B—H.E. H.SPIEKER.—TISeSibilantLettersin theInscriptionsof King Agoka
at Kapurdi Girl.H.A. ToDD.—GuillanmedeDole: anunpublishedOld FrenchRomance.M. WARREN—Note on a passagein theCiris; On the Derivation and
earlyuseof mericlie.
The seventhvolume of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOL-OGY was completeddurino’b the yearandthefirst numberof theeighth volumeissued.
Lectureson Archreologyhave beengiven by: ProfessorJ. H.Wright, Professor II. Lanciani of Rome, and ProfessorA. L.Frothingham,Jr., of Princeton.
II~ISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Graduate and Advanced Courses.
1. Seminaryof AmericanHistory andPolitics.Two hours weekly, through theyear, under thedirectionof Dr. H. B. ADAMS.
This seminaryis aco-operativeassociationof graduatestudentsin HistoryandPolitics with all the instructorsin this departmentfor the joint and original study of American Institutional andEconomicHistory. Subjectsfor individual researcharesuggestedby iDr. Adamsand his associatesto themore advancedmembers,who reportthe resultsof their investigationorally or in the formof written papers,presentedusually in abstractandthen discussed.Juniormembersof the seminarytakeno active part in originalwork,althoughminorsubjects,historicalandeconomicreviews,etc.,areoccasionallyassignedto themfor report. This work requiresareadingacquaintancewith FrenchandGerman. iReviewsof newbooksandof important monographsare frequentlypresentedj~yinstructorsand advancedstudents,and sonic of theseare after-ward printed.
2. Early History of InstitutionsandGreekPolitics.Twohours weekly,first half-yeur,with Dr. H. B. ADAMS.
This is the introduction to athreeyears’coursein the Historyof Politics. Eachyear therewill beonerepresentativecourseintheancientandonein themodernfield.
The introductorycourserelatesto the origin anddevelopmentof earlysociety,with a considerationof thetheoriesof Morgan, NIcLennan,Spencer,and other writers. It treats also of ancient oriental forms of state-life,with a reviewof orientaldoctrinesof government. It considers,in greaterdetail,theorigin anddevelopmentof Greekinstitutions,with a rapid reviewof Greekpolitical ~.ilosophy. Bookswill be recommendedto theclassforprivate readingand monthlywritten examinationsuponassignedsubjectswill be required.
3. The Rise of Prussiaand Modern Germany.Twohoursweekly,secondhalf-year, with Dr. H. B. ADAMS.
This courseof lecturesin Modern Politics is thecomplementtothecoursein Ancient Politics, first half-year.
It tracesthe origin and developmentof BrandenburgandPrussia; therise of the Hoheuzollerndynasty; history of theTeutonic Knights; thesecularizationof Prussia; the union of Prussiaand Brandenburg;thegrowth of territorial power; the careerof theGreatElectorandhis rela-tion to EuropeanPolitics; the establishmentof the kingdomof Prussia;organizationof the military stateby Frederick William I; the militaryand diplomatic careerof FredericktheGreat; Frederick’srelationto theUnited States;the leagueof GermanPrinces;Prussiaand JosephII ofAustria; FrederickWilliam II and III; the fall of theold GermanEm-pire; humiliation of Prussia; Stein’s reform of Prussianadministration.The latter topic is treatedin considerabledetail,in connectionwith therise of Prussiaand of new Germany. The private readingsand monthlywritten examinationsof graduateswill be continued,togetherwith oralexaminationsupon all lectures.
4. The ModernHistorians.Oncesceckly, through the year, by Dr. J. F. JAMESON.
After a preliminary lectureor two on the characteristicsof historicalwriting in ancientand mediaevkltimes,thedevelopmentof modernhistori-ographywill be traced from the Renaissanceto the present time. Asystematicaccountof the writing~, characteristics,and methodsof theleadinghistoriansin eachcountryof Europeandin Americawill begiven.
5. History of theUnitedStates,1789—1793.Onceweekly, throughtheyear, by Dr. J. F. JAMESON.
The objectof this coursewill benot only to study in detail theconstitu-tional and political history of four important years,but also to afford thegraduatestudentsof history a fuller knowledgeof thesourcesof thehistoryof theUnited Statesduring thefirst yearsunder the Constitution,andofthesaethodsto be employedin using them. Not only the history of thefederalgovernment,but thatof theindividual states,andthusof theUnitedStatesas a whole,will be treated. It is intendedthat, in subsequentyears,subsequentperiodsof four yearseachshall be taken up successively;the
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studentwho completesa courseof threeyearsat the universitywill thushave been led into a careful and detailedstudy of twelve yearsof ourhistory. Studentsintending to follow thiscourseare requestedto providethemselveswith thefirst volumeofSchouler’sHistory of theUnitedStates,and to havereadthefirst threesections,(pp. 1—73), before the openingofthecourse.
6. Financein StatesandMunicipalities.Threehours weekly,through the year, with Dr. iR. T. ELY.
This coursefor graduatesis adaptedto studentsof law, to thosewho designto follow journalismandto otherswho havetakenthepreliminary instruction in political economy.
The coursewill beginwith the subjectof taxation,which will be con-sideredin its economicand legalaspects. Thevariouskinds of taxeswillbeexaminedand their historical developmenttraced. Public debts,theirgrowth,significance,and administration,will receiveattention. Thesubjectof taxationin Americanstatesand cities,as well as taxationby thefederalgovernment,will beamongthemoreimportant topicstreated. The coursewill concludewith a sketchof the financial history of theUnited States,includinaAmerican tariff legislation.
‘7. TheHistory of theEnglish Law of RealProperty.Twohours weeklythroughtheyear, with Mr. Eisri~rorr.Thelectureson this subjectwill trace the outlinesof theHis-
tory of the Laws of England, so far as they relate to RealProperty,andwill setforth theirleadingprinciples,endeavoringtoshowhow thoselaws wereuntil recentlyadministeredby distincttribunals,theCourts of CommonLaw andthe Courtof Chancery;andto point out the limits of their respectivejurisdictions.
The course will commencewith an examinationof the effects of theTeutonicsettlementin Englandandof thelawsand customsof theAnglo-Saxonsrelating to property, togetherwith anaccountof thejudicial insti-tutionsof the Anglo-Saxonsand of Anglo Saxonvassalage. It will thentreat of the sourcesof thefeudalsystem,of the origin of feudal vassalage,and of the effects of theNormanconquestupon thepre-existinglaws andinstitutionsof England,andwill comprisea statementof theorigin, sourcesand leading principles of the common law of England relating to realproperty. Commencingwith MagnaCharta.,theriseandsubsequentdevel-opment of the statutelaw of England relating to real property will becarefully traceddownto the present time, special att~ntionbeing paid tothelegislation of EdwardI., and therise,progressandfinal establishmentof the equitablejurisdiction of the court of chancerywill be indicated.In thelatter part of theconisethe following topics will be treated: Thedevelopmentand completion of the common law; Littleton’s work ontenures;origin and earlyhistory of usesor equitableinterestsin land; thestatuteof uses(27 lien. VIII, c. 10), and its principal effects on modernconveynacing; history of the law relating to wills of land; abolition ofmilitary tenures; thestatuteof distribution; the varioustitles ormodesofacquisitionof rights over thingsreal.
Booksof Reference:Pigbysrntrodtctionto theHistory of theLaw of RealProperty,StubbssconstitutionalHistory of England,5tnbbs’s5elect charters,Reeves’sHistory oftheEnglishLaw, Blackstone’sCommentarieson theLaws of England.
In 1888—89Mr. EMMOTT will repeathis coursein RomanLaw.(SeeReportfor 1886—87, beyond.)
Twohours a week,secondhalf-year, by Dr. Woomiow WILsoN.
This coursewill embrace(1) a discussionof theusualfunctionsof government; (2) a somewhat detailed considerationof theorganizationof thesupremecentral authorityin suchsinglestatesas Prussia,France,and England, and in such federal statesasSwitzerland,Germany,andtheUnited. States; (3) asimilar con-siderationof local governmentin the chief modern states,bothsingleandfederal; (4) comparisonsof thechief modernmethodsof organizing the administrationof justice, of finance, and ofeducation.
It will be the objectof the courseto lay thefoundationsanderectthe
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framework for subsequentmoreparticulardiscussionsof the principlesof
administrationandof suchspecialbranchesof it as thegovernmentof cities.
9. ComparativeSocialStatistics.One hour weekly,secondhalf-year, by Dr. E. IR. L. GOULD.
The coursewill openwith a considerationof thetruerelationofstatisticsto socialscience,theimportanceof their usein thestudyof socialphenomena,andaview of what is beingdonein EuropeandAmericato developandutilize this branchof knowledge.
The remaining lectureswill treat of current questions,mostly on thecomparative basis, and will include, among other topics, the earnings,efficiency andstandardof living of EuropeanandAmericanlaborers; thesphereand influenceof labor organizationsin Americaand Europe; thedifferent methodsof dealing with the labor problemin England,France,Belgium, Germanyand the United States; the Factory System in theUnited StatesandEurope; the concentrationof populationandthehous-ing ofthe lowerclassesin largecities; sanitaryandhealthinspectionregu-lations; thecharacterandefficiencyof charitableandphilanthropicpublicinstitutions; leadingexperimentsof socialreformin EnglandandAmerica;theimmigrationquestionin theUnitedStates.
II. UndergraduateCourses.
History.
1. IntroductoryHistory.Two hours weekly,through the year, with Dr. J. F. JAMESON.
This is part of the so-called“P. H. E.” course,which includesPhysicalGeography,History, and English, and is required of all undergraduatesduringthefirstyearoftheir college work. Studentswho havematriculatedmay electeithera moderncourseof two hoursa weekthroughtheyearinEuropeanhistory,or a coursein classicalhistory two hoursaweek through-outtImeyear,with Dr. Jameson,exceptingstudentsin GroupsI andVI, whoare requiredto take the lattercourse. (For theinstructiongivenin Eng-lish literatureandEnglishprosestyle,seeEnglishcourses.)
First Year.
2. ClassicalCoursein History.Five hours weekly, through theyear, with Dr. WARREN, Dr. SPrEicErm,and
Dr. JAMEsON.
Studentswho electHistory andPolitics for their principalsubjectsarerequiredto lay classicalfoundationsfor their future work by attendingfourexercisesweekly in the classicaldepartment,duringthefirstyear of theircollege course,for the readingof Livy and Tacitus in the original texts.A fifth hour is devotedto the study,from a historical point of view, ofHerodotusand Thucydides,which arereadprivatelyby tIme classin Eng-hishs translations.
This courseisquite distinct fromthetext-hookcoursewith Dr. Jamesonin GreekandRoman History (see note undercourse i) althoughparallel with it. An acquaintancewith the sottrcesof classicalhistory, Greek politics,and the Latin languageis regardedasessentialfor all studentsof ecclesiasticaland medixyalhistory,aswell asof Romanlaw and instittitions.
SecondYear.
3. ModernCoursein History.Five hours weekly,through the year, with Dr. H. B. ADAm~rs and Dr. J.F.
JAMEsON.
This forms thesecondyear’scoursein History for matriculatedstudentsand cannotbetakenuntil after time “P. H. E.” andtheClassicalcourseinHistory have been completed,except in the caseof special studentsofmarkedability. Two hoursa week throunk the year are devotedto theHistory of theChmurchin its relationsto theRoman Empire, time GermanickingdomsandtheGernianEmpire,to thestudy of ecclesiasticalandpoliti-cal institutions,the rise of the Italian Republics,the ItalianRenaissanceand its influence upon t.he GermanReformation. Threehours a weekthroughoutthe year are given to a coursein the parallel study of thesmmedinx’al and modern history of England and France,with Dr. J. F.Jameson. Lectureswill be given, and essaysand reports required.
Residesclasslectures,uponwhich the studentsareexamined,thefollowing text-hooksareemployed:Rryce’sHoly RomanEmpire,Green’sShortHistory ofthe EnglishPeople,
4. Elementsof Political Economy and Modern Financial andSocial Topics.
Five hours a week,through the secondyeer, with Dr. ELY.
This subjectis takenup in thesecondyearof thecollege courseparallelwith thecoursein EuropeanHistory. Theinstructionconsistsof text-bookexercises(JohnStuart Mill, Walker, andNewcomb,with occasionalrefer-encesto other works), and of familiar talks on economicproblemsandthequestionsof theday.
The membersof the class are frequentlyexaminedorally as well asbywritten exercises. Work in text-booksis assignedeach dayanddifficult•points are carefullyexplainedby the teacher. Essaysand discussionsbythe class upon topics suggestedby theseexercisesconstitutean importantfeatureof the course. The aim is to familiarize the studentswith thegeneral principles of economics and with their applicationto modernindustrial society. Reference-listsare given to the membersof the classby theinstructorto aid themin thepreparationof essays.
~3.Elementsof InternationalLaw.Two hours a sceek,throughthethird year, with Dr. H. B. ADAMS.Thiscourseis takenconjointly with theclasscourse,threehoursa week,
in theEnglishandAmericanConstitutions. Introductorylecturesaregivenon theHistory of InternationalLaw and Politics, afterwhich Bluntschli’sMiederneVoelkerrechtder (JivilisirtenStatenis expounded.
Thestudy,asherepursued,requiresa readingacquaintancewith FrenchandGerman,which languagesmusthe acquiredbeforethe end of the secondyearof tl,ecollegecourse.Membersof the classarerequiredto reporton assignedtopicsof diplomatichistory andcontemporaryinternationalquestions.
6. The English andAmericanConstitutions.Threetimesweekly through the year, with Dr. JAMESON.
A coursein thestudyof thedevelopmentandpresentformsof constitu-tional governmentin EnglandandtheUnitedStates. The generalhistoryof England havingbeen studiedduring theprecedingyear, thecourseonthe English constitutionis mainlydescriptive. In thesecondpart of thecourse,the main objectsof attention are the origin and forusationof theConstitutionof 1789, its interpretation,its subsequentdevelopusentto 1861,and thepresentformsof national,state,andlocal government.
REPORT OF THE PAST YEAR, 1886-87.
I. Seminary Work.
A societyof thirty-two graduatestudentsandthreeinstructors,under the general directionof Dr. H. B. Adams,has continuedits usualFriday evening sessions,of two hourseach,during theyear. Attention has beenchiefly confined to AmericanInstitu-tional and EconomicHistory, the chosenfield of seminary-workin recentyears.
Dr. Adamspresenteda seriesof papersrelatiun to thehistory of Ameri-can educationalinstitutions, beginning with William and Mnry College.This latter monographhasjust beenpublishedby theBureauof Educationas Ois’cular of Information, No. 1, 1887. Other paperson Harvard, Yale,Columbia,Universityof Michigan, Cornell, etc., will soon bepublished bytheBureauof Educationin collective form. Dr. Ely read a seriesof eco-nomic articlesupon thesubjectof Corporationswhich is now appearinginHarper’sMagazine. Dr. Jamesoncontinued Isis studies of Willem Usse-liux, the founder of the Dutch and SwedishWest India Conspanies,anextensiveresearchbaseduponoriginal manuscriptmaterialsobtainedfromDutch and Swedisharchives. Thesestudieshave just beenpublishedincollective form by the American Historical Association,Vol. II, No. 3.Advanced studentshave contributed valuable papers. That by H. B.Gardner,on Taxation in the United States,is to be printed in abridgedform in the EncyclopaediaBritannica. The Financial History of Penn-
sylvania,by T. K. Worthington, has been published by the AmericanEconomicAssociation,Vol. II, No. 2. The History of Diplomatic Rela-tionsbetweentheUnitedStatesand Japan,by InazoOta,will bepublishedanthe JohnsHopkinsUniversity Studies. The seminaryhasheld two orthreepublic sessions,when it has been favored with addressesby invitedspecialists;—notably by SenatorH. L. Dawes,on theIndianQuestion,andby JamesSchouler,authorof theHistory of theUnited States,who spokeof Methodsof HistoricalStudy.
II. Publications.
The fourthvolume of theJohnsHopkinsUniversity StudiesinHistorical and Political Sciencehasbeencompleted. It relatesto subjectsof municipalgovernmentandlandtenureandcontainsthe following papers —
Dutch Village Communitieson the Hudson River, by Irving Elting;Town Governmentin Rhode Island, by William E. Foster—TheNarra-gansettPlanters,by Edward Channing; PennsylvaniaBoroughs,by Wil-liam P. Holconab; Introductionto the ConstitutionalandPolitical Historyof theIndividual States,by J. F.Jameson;TisePuritanColonyatAnnap-olis, Maryland, by Daniel R. Randall; History of the Land QuestionintheUnited States,by SisosukeSato; The Town and City GovernmentofNew Haven, by CharlesH. Levermore; The Land System of the NewEnglandColonies,by Melville Egleston.
Three“Extra Volumes’~ of Studies,largermonographs,have beenpub-lished: (1) The Republicof New Haven,a History of Municipal Evolu-tion, by CharlesH. Levermore,Ph.D., formerly Fellow in History at thisUniversity, now Associate Professorin the University of California; (2)Philadelphia,a History of Municipal Development,by EdwardP. Allinson,and BoiesPenrose;(3) Baltimore and the 19th of April, 1861, by GeorgeWilliam Brown.
III. Class Courses.
Dr. H. B. Adams has continued in chargeof the work inHistorical and Political Scienceand hasconducted(in additionto the work of the Seminaryof History and Politics, abovedescribed)the following coursesof class-instruction:
1. A classof thirty-sevengraduatestudentsin the History ofGermanicInstitutions,two hoursa week,throughtheyear.
This classwas taught entirely by lectures. The coursebeganwith anoutline of Germanicethnology, tracing the origin, migrations,and localsettlementsof the Germanicrace. Specialattentionwas then devotedtothe growth of tribal federationsand to the origin of Germanic states.Agrariancustomsandinstitutionswerestudied. CertainGermanicpeopleswerethesubjectof special consideration,notably theLombards,their lawsand military institutions, including a comparisonbetweenLombard andearlyEnglishsociety. The Swissand Dutchwere also treatedfrom insti-tutional points of view. The transmissionof Germanicinstitutions fromHolland and England to the new world was illustrated by concreteexamples.
In connectionwith theselectures,in which no attemptwasmadeto coverthe entire Germanicfield, the classwas requiredto readprivately upongreatperiods of Germanichistory, beginnin~ with the times of Tacitus(whosewritings theclassreviewed) and extendingover the periodof themigrations,theriseof the Franks,and then specializingmoreparticularlyupon English and American constitutionalhistory. Monthly writtenexaminationswere held upon assignedperiodsand the paperswere care-fully criticised. Theseexerciseshave beenfoundvery valuablein Isoldinggraduatestudentsto definite lines of Isistorical work. Such examinationswill becontinued throughouttheentire threeyears’coursein ancientandmodernpolitics.
2. An undergraduateclassof twenty-four students,includingseven graduates,two hoursweekly, throughout the year, thefirst half in Church History; the second,in the History of theRenalasance.
3. An undergraduateclassof twelve students,including threegraduates,in theHistory and Elementsof International Law.
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4. A classof fifty-five undergraduatestudents,onehour aweek,first half-year, in Oriental or Ante-ClassicHistory, introductoryto thegeneralhistoricalcourse.
Dr. II. T. Ely hasgiventhefollowing courses:1. Lectures on Money and Banking, three hours weekly,
throughout the year, to twenty-threegraduatestudents.This courseopenedwith adiscussionof thenatureof thescienceof finance
and anaccountof its bibliography. Theconceptionof moneywasanalyzedand theviews of the mostprominentwriters werepresentedandcriticallyexamined. The historicaldevelopmentof moneyandthetheoryandprac-tice of monometallismand bimetallismwerethetopicswhich nextengagedthe attention of the class. The courseconcludedwith a carefulexamina-tion into thenatureandfunctionsof bankingand its history, with specialreferenceto theold statebanksand thepresentnationalbankingsystemoftheUnitedStates. Membersof theclasspreparedand presentedstudent-lectures. Among the subjectstreatedwere GermanBanking, theEnglishPublicDebt, the first U. S. Bank,thesecondU. S. Bank,AlexanderHam-ilton asaPolitical Economist,Gallatinasa Financier,andtheSub-TreasurySystemof theUnitedStates.
2. A courseof class instructionto twenty-twoundergraduatestudentsin the Elementsof Political Economyand in ModernFinancial and Social Problems,five times a week, throughouttheyear.
The instruction was basedon the text-booksof John Stuart Mill andFrancisA. Walkerwith referenceto works by Laveleye,Newcomb,H. C.Adams, andothers. It alsoincludeda seriesof talks on such questionsofthe dayas the Silver Question,theTarifl theNationalTreasurySurplus,and Forestry. Occasionalwritten exercisesin additiou to oral andwrittenexaminations,formed afeatureof the course. Two essaysupon assignedtopicswererequiredfrom eachmemberof the class. Among the subjectsof essayswerethefollowing: DistributiveCo6peration,ProductiveCodpera-tion, theClearingHouse,CharityOrganizationSocietyof London,IncomeTax, Arbitration, Machinery,Money.
Mr. Emmott lecturedon the History and Principles of theRoman Law to twenty-threegraduateand advancedstudents,twice weekly, throughtheyear.
This courseopenedwith a descriptionof the origin and natureof theprimitive Roman State and of the early legal institutions of the Romanpeople,andtracedfully thehistoryand gradualdevelopmentof theRomanLaw throughall its stagesof developmentdownto the codification of thelaw by Justinian,specialattentionbeingpaidto theoriginal sourcesof theRomanLaw. The lecturesafterwardstreatedof thedestinyof theRomanLaw in the Eastandin theWestafter thetime of Justinian,of therevivalof thestudyandteachingof theRomanLaw in Europe in the 12th Cen-tury, and of the Schoolsof the Jurists from the Glossatorsto the 16thCentury.
In the second part of the coursethelegislation of Justinianwas care-fully analyzedand classified,andthefundamentalprinciplesof theRomanLaw fully explainedand illustrated. The results of the investigations
of Moyle, Hunter, Ortolan, Muirhead, Austin, Clark, Markby, Holland,Maine, andRoby,as well asof themostrecentFrenchand Germanschol-arship in referenceto thesubjectstreatedof; wereplaced before the class.
Dr. J. F. Jamesonhasconductedclasscoursesas follows:1. Lecturesto twenty-threegraduatestudents,weekly, on the
elementaryprinciplesof ModernHistorical Criticism.During thefirst part of thecoursegeneralmethodsof historical investi-
gation wereconsidered,andthelecturesboreuponsuchtopicsasthenatureof historical evidencein general,thetransmissionof evidence,thenegativeargument,argumentsd priori, doublettes,theusesof conjecture,thetreatmentof mythical andsemi-mythicalperiods,therelationof geographyandchro-nology to critical work. The individualclassesof materials,andthespecialmethodsto be employedin their investigation,were thentakenup. Exter-nal andinternal evidenceof the authenticityof texts,their interpretation,the criticism of traditions, the evidence afforded by inscriptions, coins,archnoiogicalandotherremains,language,and institutions,and the prin-ciplesto be followed in the use of such evidence,were considered. Illus-trations were employed constantly,and in a few casesthe instructorormembersof theclassgavemore extendedexpositionsof instructive speci-mensof critical investigationby modernauthorities.
2. The Constitutionsof Englandand the United States,threetimes weekly,throughtheyear.
This formed, in connectionwith Dr. Adams’ coursein internationallaw,thesecondyearof political science. During the first half-yearWalpole’sElectorateand Legislature,Traill’s Central Government,and Bagehot’sEnglish Constitution were used as text-books, and lectureswere given.During the secondhalf-yearthe Constitutionof 1789, thepresentformsofgovernment,andthecourseof constitutionaldevelopmentin theinterveningperiod,were studied by mea.nsof lecturesand assignedreadings. Essayswerepreparedby membersof theclass.
3. History of EnglandandFrance,threetimesweekly,throughtheyear.
Green’sShortHistory of theEnglishPeopleand the Student’sHistoryof Francewere usedas text-books, and supplementeddaily by informallectures. Essaysandreportswererequired. This course,with that of Dr.Adamson the Church,the Empire,and the Rena.issance,constitutedthesecondyearof history.
4. History of Greeceandof theRomanRepublicandEmpire,twice weekly, duringtheyear.
6. Herodotus and Thucydides in English translations,onceweekly, throughtheyear.
This formeda part of thefirst year’s coursein history. It consistedofquestioninguponassignedlessons,and of informal lectures.
Mr. P. W. Ayres hasconducteda coursein the Outlines ofGeneralEuropeanHistory.
PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES.
PROGRAMME FOR 1887-88.
I. Advanced Work.
A. ExperimentalPsycho-Physics.1. LaboratoryWork.
An opportunitywill beafforded,in thenew roomsof thephysicallabora-tory devotedto this work, for advancedstudentsto carry out investigationson approvedtopicsduringcertainhoursof eachday, either in theexperi-mentalstudy of simplepsychic processesby the aid of apparatus,or in
2. The Psycho-PhysicSeminary.This seminarywill meetweekly to study in a systematicwaythelocali-
zationof functionsin thebrain and spinalcord.
3. ProfessorHALL will lecturetwice weekly throughtheyearon Psychology.
The topics for thenext year are the morbid and normal psychologyoflan
0uage,attentionandpersonality,psychogenesis,instinct,anthropologicalpsychology,feeling and will, concluding with the psychologyof religion.
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JOHiYS HOPKINS
The illustrative apparatusfor this course,both in thewayof chartsandinstrumentsis nowconsiderable,and suchtopicsasmorbid psychologywillbe illustrated by cliniquesheldat thetwo largestasylumsfor theinsaneinthevicinity.
4. Dr. H. H. DONALDSON will lectureon the finer Anatomy oftheNervousSystem,onceweekly throughouttheyear.
Theselecturesareintendedto presentwhat is knownof thesubjectfromthe standpointof embryology, topographicalanatomy,etc. Laboratorypracticeand opportunityfor specialadvancedwork will beoffered.
The original work of this departmentwill be published in the newAmerican Journal of Psychology,the issue of which will begin in theautumn.
B. History ofPhilosophyand Ethics.
1. The Historico-EthicalSeminary.This seminary,whichmeetsweeklyunderthedirectionof ProfessorHall
will studynextyearthedevelopmentfrom Kant to Hegel,mainly asrepre-sentedby Kant’s critique and Hegel’s logic which are the text-booksfortheyear.
2. ProfessorHALL will give weekly lectures on modern andcontemporaryPhilosophyandEthics,beginningwith Hegel.
3. The ReadingClub will meetfbr weeklyreportson currentphilosophicalliteratureas usual.
Attention is also called to Dr. Story’s course on AlgebraicalLogic, which requiresno mathematicalpreparationbeyond theelementsof Algebra.
0. Pedagogy.1. A Weekly LectureandConferencethroughouttheyear.Thiscourse,like the two precedingcourses,embracesthreeyearswork.
Thetopicsfor thecomingyeararethespecialsubjectsin thefield of highereducationenumeratedwith literaryreferencesin theBibliographyof Edu-cation, Boston,1886,which is thehandbookof reference.
2. The seriesof PedagogicalExcursions,under the guidanceof ProfessorHall, will be continuednext yearandextendedtothe educational,reformatory, and other institutions of not onlyBaltimore but of othercities.
Thosewho devote themselvesto the work of educationas aprofessionarestronglyrecommendedto give their chief time andlabor to groundingthemselvesin Psychology and Philosophy,which constitute the scientific basis of their profession. Peda-gogy is a field of applied Psychology,andif the latter is knowntheapplicationis not hardto make.
II. Undergraduate Courses.
A. Deductive and Inductive Logic, by Associate ProfessorEMMOTT.
In this class,whichwill continuefor abouttwelveweeks,specialattentionwill be givento thegeneraltheoriesof both DeductionandInduction, to thevariousforms of thought,notion, judgment,and reasoning,andalsoto thevariousmethodsof scientific investi-gation and proof; aswell asto the applicationof the rulesof thesyllogism andthedetectionof fallacies.
The topics treatedof will include thefollowing:(1). ProvinceandDefinition of Logic.(2). TheFormsof Thought: Notion, Judgment,Reasoning.
Thework in this classwill consistof short informal lectures,recitations,themes,epitomes,etc.
Text-Books: Jevons’sElementaryLessonsin Logic, Fowler’s Elementsof InductiveLogic, with selectedpassagesfromthelargerworksof Jevons,and fromthe worksof Mill,Bain,vean,and other recentwriters.
B. Ethics,by AssociateProfessorEMMOTT.
In this class,whichwill continue for about twelve weeks,thefundamentalproblemsof Moral Philosophy,andtheir applicationto theguidanceof conductandto the formation of characterwillbe consideredwith specialreferenceto the Christian TheoryofMorals. The subject will be taught in part by lectures and,whilst keepingto ascientific basis,theaim throughoutwill be tomakethe instructionof a directly practicalnature.
Thetopicstreatedof will includethefollowing: Analysisof thefunda-mentalnotions,—goodandbad,duty andobligation,conscience,liberty andmoralresponsibility,virtueandvice, meritanddemerit,etc.; theobjectofmorality; theoreticaland practicalmorality; division of dutiesaccordingto thevarious relationsof man; thegeneralprinciplesof social morality;division of thedutiesof justice; dutiesof charityandself-sacrifice;dutiestowardthe state;dutiesof professionallife; thegeneralprinciplesof themoral law appliedto nationsin their dealingswith eachother; thedutiesof t.he marriedstate;thedutyof self-preservation;thenecessityandproperuseof externalgoods; duties relative to the properexerciseof theintel-lectualvirtues; thegeneralprinciplesof religiousmorality; religiousrightsandduties; connectionbetweenmorality andreligion.
BooksofReference:Janet’sElementsofMorals,Martensen’sChristianEthics,Maurice’sSocialMorality, Wuttke’s History of Christian Ethics,Calderwood’sIlaudhookof MoralPhilosophy.
0. Psychology,by ProfessorG. STANLEY HALL.
Text-book,with practicallectureson mentalhygiene,memory,attention,associationof ideas,feelings and will, with the most surely demonstrablefacts in experimentalpsychology,and ending with a brief sketchof con-temporarywriters in the field of Psychology. This coursewill continuefor abouttenweeks.
A briefcourseof half-hourillustrated lectureson carefullydefinedtopicsby advancedgraduatestudentswill alsoagainbegiven.
Thetext and referencehooksareLadd’s PhysiologicalPsycholoy,Rihot’s German
ProfessorHall lecturedtwice weekly during theyear in Psy-chology, on binocular vision, space, time, psycho-physic law,images,and the leading topics in morbid psychology,with illus-trativeapparatusandvisits to asylumsfor theinsane.
Four advancedstudentswereengagedin originalpsycho-physicresearch.
A weekly seminary was held on binocular vision and thebilateral function throughout the year.
ProfessorHall lecturedonceweekly through theyear on thehistory of Philosophyand Ethics, from Descartesto Schelling.
In connectionwith this coursethe Historico-Ethical Seminaryheldits meetingswith essaysby themembersin turn.
The chief topicswere the theoryof knowledge,pessimism,theuncon-scious,mythologyandmysticism,materialism,andfreedomof thewill. Oneachof thesetopics the chief opinions in the history of philosophywerecarefullyworkedup andmadethe basisof discussion.
A weekly readingclub met throughouttheyear for reportsoncurrentphilosophicalliterature.
ProfessorHall lecturedonceweekly on thepedagogyof specialschoolbranchesof lower andintermediategrade.
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Thelatterpartof theyeara seriesof pedagogicexcursionswasmade to educational,reformatory, and other institutions in andnearBaltimore.
Thedaily work of theundergraduatecourses,designatedastheL. E. P. course,hasbeenconductedasfollows:
Mr. EmmotttaughtbothDeductiveandInductiveLogicduringthe first term.
Specialreferencewashadto Thomson’sOutlinesof theLaws ofThought,Jevons’sElementaryLessonsin Lobic, andFowler’s Elementsof InductiveLogic. Particular attention was given to the general theoriesof bothdeductionandinduction,to thevariousformsof thought,notion,judgment,and reasoning,and to thevariousmethodsof scientific investigation andproof. Numerousexerciseswere given in the oppositionand conversionof propositions,in indication and counterindication, in theapplicationof
115
therulesof the syllogism,in thedetectionof fallacies,and in theelimina-tion of contradictionsfrom thought.
He also taught Ethics from the standpointof the ChristianTheoryof Morals during thesecondterm.
Specialreferencewashad to thefirst part of Porter’sElementsof MoralScience,but with numerousreferencesto theworks of otherwriters. Thesubjectwastaughtby informallectures,by recitations,numerousdiscussions,andessayson assignedtopicsrequiredfromeachmemherof theclass. Theaim throughoutwasto make the instructionof a directlypractical natureand to showthebearingof theproblemsdiscussedupon theactual conductof humanlife andtheformation of amanly character.
Psychologywastaught to undergraduatesby ProfessorHall onthe basis of Ilibot’s GermanPsychologyof To-day,anda shortcourseof half-hour lecturesby graduateson specially selectedtopicswasfound of generalbenefit.
UNIVERSJTY CALENDAR, 1887-88.The twelfth academicyearbeginsonSaturday,October1, 1887,andcon- Therewill be a ChristmasRecessbeginnin~, Friday, December23, and
tinuestill June15, 1888. endingTuesday,January3 ;—also a Spring Repessbeginning Thursday,The autumnexaminationsfor admissionhegin Monday, October3, at 9 March29.
a. m. CommemorationDay falls onWednesday,February22, 1888.
JULY, 1887.]
The JohnsHopkinsUniversity Circulars are printed by ]Lfessrs.JOhN MURPHY& CO., No. 104 East Baltimore Street,Baltimore,from whomsingle copiesmay be obtained; they may also beprocuredfrom ]Ifessrs. CUS’HINCS& BAILEY, No. 34 WestBaltimore Street, Baltimore. Subscriptions,$1.00 a year,may be addressedto the PUBLIcATION AGENCY OF THE Joirxs HoPKINs UNIvERsITY, BALTIMORE; single copies will be sentby mail for ten centseach.
116 JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITY CIRCULAPS. [No. 58.
Publications issued under the Auspices of the University.
I. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF lilA TiIEJIIA TICS.
This journal was commencedill 1878, under the editorial direction of ProfessorSylvester. It is now conductedby ProfessorSimon Newcomb as Editor, and iDr. T. Craig as AssociateEditor. Nine volumesof about 400 pageseachhave been issued,and the tenth is in progress. It appears quarterly, in the quarto form. Subscription $5 per year.Single numbers$1.50.
IL AJIIERIGAN GHEJILIGAL JOURNAL.This journal was commencedin 1879, with Professorllemsen as Editor. Eight volumes of about 450 pageseach
have been issued, and the ninth is in progress. It appearsbi-monthly. Subscription $3 per year. Single numbers50 cents.
IlL AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY.The publication of this journal commencedin 1880, nuder the editorial direction of ProfessorGildersleeve. Seven
volumes of about 570 pages eachhave been issued,and the eighth is in progress. It appearsfour times yearly. Sub-scription $3 per volume. Single numbers$1.00.
IJ& STUDIES FR 0111 THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.(INCLUDING THE CHESAPEAKE ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY.)
The publication of these papers commencedin 1879, under the direction of ProfessorMartin, with the assistanceofDr. W. K. Brooks. Three volumes of about 500 pages, octavo, and 40 plates each, havebeen issued,aud the fourth isin progress. Subscription$5 per volume.
V. STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
The publication of these papers was begun in 1882, under the editorial direction of iDr. H. B. Adams. Fourseries are now completed,and a fifth is in progress. Three extra volumeshave been issued. Subscription$3 per volume.
FL JOHNS HOPKiNS UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS.
The University Circulars are publishedat convenientintervals during the academicyear for the purpose of com-municating intelligence to the various membersof the University in respect to work which is here in progress,as wellas for the purpose of promulgatingofficial announcementsfrom the governing and teachingbodies. The publication ofthe Circulars began in December, 1879, a~nd fifty-eight numbers have since been issued. Subscription $1 per year.Subscribersto the Circulars will also receive the Annual Register and the Annual Report of the University.
VIL AYNUAL REPORT
Presentedby the President to the Board of Trustees, reviewing the operations of the University during the pastacademicyear. FIlL AN2YUAL REGISTER
Giving the list of the officers and students,and containing detailed statementsas to the regulations and work of theUniversity.
Announcementsof proposedlectures, coursesof instruction, etc., appearin the University Circulars, or are separatelyissuedasProgrammesfrom timeto time.
Copies of the following publicationscan also be supplied by the PublicationAgency of the University:Rowland’s Photograph of the Normcd Solar Spectrwn. Set of sevenplates unmounted $10, mounted $12; single
plates unmounted $2, mounted $2.25. 1886.SelectedMorphological Monographs. By W. K. Brooks and E. B. Wilson. (Reprinted.) 370 pp. 4o; 54 plates.
1886. $7.50.Reproductionin Photot~jpeof a Syriac MS. with the Antilegoinena Epistles. Edited by I. H. Hall. 4o. 1886. $3.Studiesin Logic. C. S. Peirce, Editor. (Little, Brown & Co.) 1883. 123 pp. l2mo. $2.The Developmentand Propagation of the Oyster in Maryland. By W. K. Brooks. 1884. 193 pp. 4o; 13 plates
and 3 maps. $5.On the Mechanical Equivalentof Heat. By H. A. Rowland. 1880. 127 pp. 8o. $1.50.New TestamentAutographs. By J. Rendel Harris. 1882. 54 pp. 8vo; 4 plates. 50 cents.Noteson the Minerals in the neighlorhoodof Baltimore. By G. H. Williams. 18 pp. 16o. 30 cents.
Communications in respectto exchangesand remittances may be sent to the Johns Hopkins University (Publica-tion Agency), Baltimore, Maryland.
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