Kingdom Fungi

I. General Characteristics1. Found almost everywhere2. Used to be classified as plantsbecause they were anchored and have cell walls, but are now a distinct Kingdom.

Structure of Fungi

A. Structure of Fungi1. Most fungi are Multicellular2. Hyphae - threadlike filaments whichdevelop from fungal spores3. Mycelium - network of filaments(hyphae)4. Chitin - complex carbohydrate whichmakes up the cell walls of fungi

Mycelium - network of filaments (hyphae)

Label the Mushroom

Gills

Stipe

Cap

Gills

Stipe

HyphaeMycelium

Basidia

II. How Fungi get their Food

• A. Extra cellular digestion• 1. Fungi are heterotrophs - which means theydepend on other sources for supply of energy• 2. Extra cellular digestion- breakdown foodoutside of the cell by use of powerful enzymes• 3. Parasite fungi absorb nutrients from theirhosts by using specialized hyphae calledhaustoria

III. Reproduction

• A. Fungi may reproduce asexually orsexually. Most produce spores which landon favorable conditions and grow.

• B. Budding- a form of asexual reproductionwhere a new individual grows out andseparates from parent cell.

• C. Sporangium- a sac in which spores areproduced

IV. Fungi are divided into 4 phyla

• A. Zygomycota (black bread mold)

B. Ascomycota- Sac Fungi (blue-green, red & brown molds, morels & truffles, yeast)

C. Basidiomycota- Club Fungi (mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi)

D. Deuteromycota- imperfect fungi(Penicillium, athletes foot, ringworm)

Symbiotic Relationships

• 1. Mycorrhiza- Fungus in a symbioticrelationship with the roots of a plant

2. Lichens- a symbiotic association betweenfungus and a green alga orcyanobacteria• Fungus receives nutrients from plant andplants receive moisture & ground stability

Fairy Ring