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PENDAHULUANLABORATORYACTIVITYFISIOLOGIFBS VI ENDOCRINESYSTEM)

Widayanti,dr., M.Kes

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ENDOCRINEGLANDS

Secrete their products

(hormones) to the

interstitial fluid

surrounding the

secretory cells ratherinto duct, diffused into

the blood in small level

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CLASSIFICATION

Depend Chemical Classes of Hormones :

Lipid Soluble Protein :

Steroid, Thyroid

Water Soluble Protein:

Amines, Peptides and Protein hormones,

Eicosanoid hormones

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REGULATION OF HORMONES

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Control of ADH

SecretionAn increase in

bloodosmolality or

decrease in

blood volume

affects neuronsin the

hypothalamus

resulting in an

increase in

ADH release

from theposterior

pituitary

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REGULATIONOFPTH SECRETION

Increased Blood

Ca2+detected by

parathyroid cells

Decreased Blood

Ca2+detected by

parathyroid

Decreased PTHsecretion

Decrease breakdown of bone

Decreased reabsorption of Ca2+

Decrease synthesis of active vit. D

decreased Ca2+absorption

Decreased blood Ca2+

Increased blood Ca2+

NORMAL

LEVEL

BLOOD

Ca2+

Increased PTH

secretion

Increase breakdown of bone

Increased reabsorption of Ca2+

Increase synthesis of active vit. D

increased Ca2+absorption

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REGULATIONOFADRENALMEDULLARY

SECRETION

R

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REGULATIONOF

CORTISOL

SECRETION

1. CRH is released in

response to stress or

hypoglycemia and passes

to the anterior pituitary

2. In the anterior pituitary CRH

binds to and stimulates

secretion of ACTH

3. ACTH binds to membrane-

bound receptor andstimulates cortisol secretion

4. Cortisol inhibit CRH and

ACTH secretion

R G O O OO S

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REGULATIONOFBLOODNUTRIENTLEVELSAFTER

MEAL

Several hours after meal, absorption from the intestinal tract decreases, and blood levels of

glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids decrease. As a result, insulin secretion decreases, and

glucagon, epinephrine, and GH secretion increase. Cell uptake of glucose decrease, and

usage of fat and proteins increases

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PREGNANCYTEST

Bahan Yang diperiksa urine wanita hamil

Prinsip : Peningkatan Hormon HCG

Metode :

- MenggunakanStrip- Menggunakan Indikator

Positif : Strip menjadi dua

Indikator (+)

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HORMONALFACTORSINPREGNANCY

The placenta forms :

human chorionic gonadotropin

estrogens,

Progesterone human chorionic somatomammotropin

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HUMANCHORIONICGONADOTROPIN

secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells

can first be measured in the blood 8 to 9 days after

ovulation

maximum at 10 - 12 weeks of pregnancy decreases back to a lower value by 16 - 20 weeks.

It continues at this level for the remainder of

pregnancy.

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HCG FUNCTION

is to prevent involution of the corpus luteum

The corpus luteum involutes slowly after 13th to

17th week of gestation

exerts an interstitial cell

stimulating effect on thetestes, resulting in the production of testosterone to

grow male sex organs

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SECRETIONOFESTROGENS

BYTHEPLACENTA

Secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells

Formed from androgenic steroid compounds which

are formed in the mothers adrenal glands and in

the adrenal glands of the fetus

Converted by trophoblast cells into estradiol,

estrone, and estriol

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ESTROGENFUNCTIONDURINGPREGNANCY

(1) enlargement of the mothers uterus

(2) enlargement of the mothers breasts and growth

of the breast ductal structure

(3) enlargement of the mothers female externalgenitalia.

(4) relax the pelvic ligaments

(5) fetal development

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PROGESTERONEFUNCTIONDURING

PREGNANCY

1. Development of decidual cells, an important role in

the nutrition of the early embryo.

2. Decrease the contractility of the pregnant uterus

3. Development of the conceptus even before

implantation because it increases the secretions of

the mothers fallopian tubes and uterus

4. Help estrogen prepare the mothers breasts for

lactation

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HUMANCHORIONIC

SOMATOMAMMOTROPIN

it begins to be secreted by the placenta at fifth week of

pregnancy

increases progressively in direct proportion to the weight

of the placenta

human placental lactogen (have functions similar toprolactin)

similar to growth hormone, causing the formation of

protein tissues

causes decreased insulin sensitivity and decreasedutilization of glucose in the mother, making larger

quantities of glucose available to the fetus

promotes the release of free fatty acids from the fat

stores of the mother

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Prolactin stimulatesmilk secretion

human chorionic somatomammotropinsupporting

the prolactin

Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the actual

secretion of milk

Oxytocin increase the contractility of the uterus

near term

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ALHAMDULILLAH