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Lula A. Beatty, Ph.D.Special Populations Office,
National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH
Miami, 2011
Finding Your Way: Pathways to Career Success in
Drug Abuse Research
Finding your bliss,Pursuing your career
Guiding Questions
What do I need to have a successful career in sponsored drug abuse and addiction research?
What role can NIDA and NIH play in advancing my research career? What do they offer me?
What do I need to do to have a fulfilling research career?
Objectives
Brief overview of NIDA
Introduction to the Special Populations Office
Brief Descriptions of Pertinent Programs
First, People
Then Money,
Then Things
(Thanks, Suze Orman)
People People to
listen guide and navigate open doors teach critique confirm your competency identify resources provide opportunities share/give credit encourage/console/carry
you when you need it show you the money
Money
Money to Pursue scholarly activities/ Pay tuitionEnsure physical well-being (e.g., food and
shelter)Have/Support your familyParticipate in career and professional
development activities, e.g., attend CPDD
Stay sane, reduce stressBuy things
Things
Things such asEquipmentBooksTripsWorkshopsResearch data/expensesTraining and career development experiencesComputer software Services (editing, library)
NIMHNIMH
NCINCI
NIAIDNIAIDNIAAANIAAA
NINDSNINDS
NICHDNICHD
NIBIBNIBIB
NIDCDNIDCD NHGRINHGRI
NCMHDNCMHD
FICFICNHLBINHLBI
NIANIA
NIAMSNIAMS NIDCRNIDCR
NIDDKNIDDK
NIEHSNIEHS
NEINEI
NIGMSNIGMS
NINRNINR
NCRRNCRR
NCCAMNCCAM
NLMNLM
CITCIT CSRCSR CCCC
NIDANIDA
NIHNIH
NIH 101
27 (changing!) institutes and centers (ICs) with distinct disease or research mission, separate budget, and administrative autonomy
Common NIH mechanisms available to but not required of ICs
Unique programs offered by ICs
Grantees are institutions, not individuals
Common review criteria and system
NIH 101
Primary mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to better health for everyone
Research is primary activity (not service, demonstrations, evaluations)
Research training and health information dissemination are other key activities
National Institutes of Health Resources
Has annual budget of about $30 billion dollars
Supports about 50,000 + extramural projects annually
Supports about 18,000 pre- and post-docs
Has staff of about 18,000
Supports about 1200 intramural projects
Is currently in an period of budget decline
NIH and NIDA Missions
NIH Science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the
nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability
NIDA To lead the nation in bringing the power of science to bear on
drug abuse and addiction, through support and conduct of research across a broad range of disciplines ensuring rapid and effective dissemination and use of research results to improve prevention, treatment and policy
Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem
(Schneider Institute for Health Policy, 2001)
One in four US deaths can be attributed to ATOD (alcohol, tobacco and other drugs)
Economic burden of substance abuse to the US economy is $414 billion annually (alcohol abuse alone is about $166 billion)
One dollar out of every $14 of the nation’s health care bill is spent to treat those suffering from smoking-related illnesses
Drug offenders account for more than one-third of the growth in the state prison population and more than 80% of federal inmates since 1985
Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem (Schneider Institute for Health Policy, 2001)
Children from families with substance-abusing parents are more likely to have problems with delinquency, poor school performance and emotional difficulties
Six to eleven percent of elderly patients admitted to hospitals exhibit symptoms of alcoholism as do 20 percent of elderly in psychiatric wards and 14 percent in emergency rooms
For American women age 60 and over, substance abuse and addiction to cigarettes, alcohol, and psychoactive prescription drugs are at epidemic levels
Leading causes of death and actual causes of death in the United States, 2000
World Health Organization: Causes of Disability by Illness (Insel & Scolnick, 2006)
Mental illness 26.1
Alcohol and drug use 11.5
Respiratory diseases 7.6
Musculoskeletal diseases 6.8
Sense organ diseases 6.4
Cardiovascular diseases 5.0
Dementias 4.8
Injuries 4.7
Digestive diseases 3.4
Drug Use in the United StatesAbout 20.1 million Americans aged 12 and over were
current illicit drug users in 2008 (8% of the population)
About 70.9 million Americans aged 12 and over were current users of tobacco products; about 59.8 million used cigarettes
About 126.8 million Americans (51.6 percent of the population) aged 12 and over were current users of alcohol; 58.1 million were binge drinking; 17.3 million were heavy drinkers
Rates of use is decreasing between boys and girls (girls’ rate is increasing to equal that of boys)
Rates and patterns of use vary by race/ethnicity and gender
Men use more than women
Persons with Substance Dependence/Abuse, 2008
22.2 million persons were dependent on substances
18.3 million were dependent on alcohol (7.3% of the population)
7 million were dependent on illicit drugs 4.2 on marijuana 1.7 on pain relievers 1.4 on cocaine
(The U.S. population in 2009 was about 307 million people)
Current Illicit Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
Race/Ethnicity %
Two or more races
African American/Black
American Indian/Alaska Native
White
Native Hawaiian
Hispanic
Asian
14.7
10.1
9.5
8.2
7.3
6.2
3.6
Substance Dependence by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
Race/Ethnicity %American Indian/Alaska Native
2 or more
Hispanic
White
Black
Asian
11.1
9.8
9.5
9.0
8.8
4.2
Addiction
A state in which an organism engages in a compulsive behavior
Behavior is reinforcing (rewarding or pleasurable)
Loss of control in limiting intake
How Do People Become Addicted?
Something happens in the brain and the environment: Research is needed to understand the “something” so that it can be understood and effectively prevented and treated
NIDA Resources
Has a knowledgeable staff with mission and interests directly matched to yours
Supports a great majority of the world’s research on the health aspects of drug abuse and addiction
Has an annual budget of about $1 billion
Is a leading supporter of behavioral research on HIV/AIDS
Supports primarily extramural, investigator initiated research
Has commitment to research and career development
Has commitment to diversity in research scientists and research programs
Supports research across the disciplines
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Special Populations OfficeLula Beatty, Ph.D.
Office ofExtramural
Affairs
Teresa Levitin, PhD
Office of Planning& Resource
Management
Mary Affeldt
Office of Science Policy & Communications
Susan Weiss
Center for theClinical Trials
Network
Betty Tai, PhD
Intramural ResearchProgram
Office of the DirectorNora D. Volkow, MD
DirectorTimothy P. Condon, Ph.D.
Deputy DirectorMary Affeldt
Associate Directorfor Management
AIDS Research ProgramJacques Normand, Ph.D.
Division of ClinicalNeuroscience,
Development &BehavioralTreatment
Joseph Frascella, PhD
Division of Basic Neurosciences
& Behavior Research
David Shurtleff, PhD
Division ofPharmacotherapies &Medical Consequences
of Drug Abuse
Phil Skolnick, Ph.D.
Division ofEpidemiology,
Services & Prevention Research
Wilson Compton, MD, MPE
Division of Basic Neurosciences & Behavior ResearchModels of Addiction
Pain and Analgesia
Cognitive Processes
Vulnerability to Drug Abuse
Neuropsychopharmacology of Drugs of Abuse
Genetic Basis of Vulnerability of Drug Addiction
Neuroimmune Relationships including Studies of HIV/AIS Related to Neural or Infectivity Processes
Division of Pharmacotherapies & Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse
Medications Research (medications for treatment of cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, opiates, marijuana, club drugs and hallucinogens, prescription medications, non-chemical dependencies such as pathological gambling
Chemistry and Pharmaceutics
Clinical/Medical Branch
Division of Clinical Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Clinical Neuroscience Clinical neurobiology of addictionCognitive neuroscienceNeurobiology of treatmentBiological etiology
Behavioral TreatmentBehavioral therapies developmentPharmacotherapyAIDS risk reductionComorbid Mental and Drug Abuse DisordersDrug abuse in primary settings
Division of Epidemiology, Services & Prevention Research: Major Goals
Promote the development of new theoretical approaches to epidemiology, services and prevention research
Determine how intrapersonal and environmental factors interact with each other and with genetic factors, across development in the course of drug abuse/addictions
Blend science and services to measurably impact public health outcomes
Clinical Trials Network
Conducting studies of behavioral, pharmacological, and integrated behavioral and pharmacological treatment interventions of therapeutic effect in rigorous, multi-site clinical trials to determine effectiveness across a broad range of community-based treatment settings and diversified patient populations; and
Ensuring the transfer of research results to physicians, clinicians, providers, and patients.
To Thine Own Self Be True Do you really want to do research?
Assess your motivation to do research Personal passion or commitmentWant to make a difference or contribution
through researchInstitutional or professional requirementWant to be competitive , recognized and
valued for research in academia, among peers
Want the prestige and power that research brings
Want to be listened to, not dismissed What’s your bottom line?
Barriers: Racial/Ethnic Minority Scientists
Do not apply
Mistrust/Rejection of NIDA/NIH
Little/No experience with sponsored research including grant application development
Limited awareness of range of research opportunities especially research training and career development opportunities
Not in a research rich environment (e.g., mentors, colleagues, graduate students, equipment, space)
Isolated in research rich environment (e.g., minorities in majority institutions)
Conflict between service, teaching and research
How Will You Be Evaluated?NIH Review Criteria
Significance: Does this study address an important problem? If the aims of the application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge or clinical practice be advanced? What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
Approach: Are the conceptual or clinical framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately developed, well integrated, well reasoned, and appropriate to the aims of the project? Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider alternative tactics?
NIH Review Criteria
Environment: Does the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed studies benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, or subject populations, or employ useful collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?
NIH Review Criteria• Innovation: Is the project original and
innovative? For example: Does the project challenge existing paradigms or clinical practice; address an innovative hypothesis or critical barrier to progress in the field? Does the project develop or employ novel concepts, approaches, methodologies, tools, or technologies for this area?
Investigators: Are the investigators appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level of the principal investigator and other researchers? Does the investigative team bring complementary and integrated expertise to the project(if applicable)?
Assess Your Readiness and Capacity To Do Research Using NIH Review Criteria
Available time - Personal and professional
Commitment – Self and employer
Knowledge of the problem area, especially research already done, significance of the proposed research, needs of the community, neglected/understudied issues, content and methodological research issues, leaders in the field
Assess Your Readiness and Capacity To Do Research: NIH Review Criteria
Research experience you have
Publications in proposed/related research area Previous supported research/Principal
InvestigatorResearch administration experience
Assess Your Readiness and Capacity To Do Research: NIH Review Criteria
Research Support Available To You
- Institution (e.g., Office of Sponsored Research, office space, clerical assistance)
Collaborations/Access to people and systems
- Graduate students/Research staff support
- Colleagues with research experience
Should I be doing NIH-sponsored research?Yes, if…
You are ready to make the needed long-term commitment
You are ready for frustration and rejection
You are ready for opportunity and acceptance
Special Populations Office: Vision and Goals
Preparing underrepresented researchers
Stimulating/Encouraging research that will lead to more effective drug abuse and drug abuse related prevention and treatment approaches for racial/ethnic minority and other health disparity populations
Increasing the number of diverse scholars, racial/ethnic minority researchers engaged in drug abuse and related research
Major Programs Diversity Supplement Program
Summer Research with NIDA
Research Development Seminar Series
Diversity-promoting Institutions Drug Abuse
Research Program (DIDARP)
Expert Racial/Ethnic Minority Work Groups Asian American/Pacific Islander Researchers and Scholars National Hispanic Science Network African American Researchers and Scholars American Indian/Alaska Native Researchers and Scholars
NIDA has a summer intramural program, Baltimore; contact Dr. Jean Cadet
SPO Major Programs Diversity Supplement Program
Summer Research with NIDA
Research Development Seminar Series
Diversity-promoting Institutions Drug Abuse
Research Program (DIDARP)
National Hispanic Science Network
Expert Racial/Ethnic Minority Work Groups Asian American/Pacific Islander Researchers and Scholars African American Researchers and Scholars American Indian/Alaska Native Researchers and Scholars
SPO Staff
Pamela GoodlowProgram OfficialDiversity Supplement Program
Tamara Willis, Ph.D.Summer Research with NIDAWork Groups
Flair LindseyResearch Seminar SeriesOther Student Support Programs
SPO Staff
Ana Anders, MSWNational Hispanic Science NetworkAsian American/Pacific Islander
Work Group
Charlotte AnnanOffice Support
Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research
NIH-wide program (Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research PA-08-190)
Supplements certain active grants that have sufficient time
ICs vary on participation and implementation
Provides mentoring/training for an identified individual from underrepresented or disadvantaged population
Racial/Ethnic Minority Disabled Disadvantaged Background
Diversity Supplements
Supports persons at five levels:High schoolUndergraduatesGraduate studentsPost doctoral Investigators
Type/Amount of support varies with levels
Review by NIDA committee with program representatives (exception: undergrads reviewed within office)
FY New Awards Continuing Awards Total Awards
FY 1994 21 21 42
FY 1995 35 18 53
FY 1996 41 26 67
FY 1997 34 28 62
FY 1998 35 32 67
FY 1999 41 20 61
FY 2000 30 41 71
FY 2001 38 23 61
FY 2002 31 23 54
FY 2003 32 26 58
FY 2004 40 24 64
FY 2005 38 28 66
FY 2006 38 38 76
FY 2007 35 36 71
FY 2008 29 26 55
FY 2009 32 19 51
FY 2010 38
Total 588
Diversity Supplement Awards New & Continuing
FY 1994 – FY 2010
FY Gender Level of Support Ethnicity
M F HS U Pre Post I Black Hispanic NA PI Asian
FY 1994 5 16 3 4 10 4 0 11 5 2 4 0
FY 1995 16 19 2 1 19 1 12 19 13 1 2 0
FY 1996 10 31 0 3 22 5 11 23 16 1 1 3
FY 1997 15 19 0 4 12 8 10 18 12 0 1 0
FY 1998 12 23 0 3 26 3 3 20 10 0 4 1
FY 1999 9 32 0 2 18 10 11 28 10 1 1 1
FY 2000 15 15 0 2 11 11 6 17 9 2 2 0
FY 2001 11 27 0 2 22 8 6 23 9 2 2 2
FY 2002 11 20 0 4 15 9 3 14 12 3 0 2
FY 2003 8 24 0 6 15 7 4 14 11 2 1 4
FY 2004 14 26 1 3 19 5 12 25 10 1 1 3
FY 2005 13 25 0 3 17 8 10 23 12 1 1 1
FY 2006 10 28 0 2 23 6 7 19 14 0 1 4
FY 2007 11 24 0 2 16 12 5 19 9 0 2 5
FY 2008 7 22 0 4 8 4 13 16 8 1 1 3
FY 2009 10 23 1 0 19 4 9 17 13 1 1 1
FY 2010 11 24 1 1 18 9 6 16 16 2 0 1
Total 188 398 8 46 290 114 128 322 189 20 25 31
New Diversity (Minority) Supplement AwardsFY 1994 – FY 2010
Gender, Level of Support & Ethnicity
Minority Supplement Recipients, 1995 and 2000
72 recipients
No. and percent who submitted applications to NIH: 27, 37.5%
No. and percent awarded NIH grants: 12, 44.4% of those who submitted applications
No. and percent of recipients published (PubMed): 8, 66.7% of those with grants
Diversity Supplement Recipients: Current NIH Submission and Funding Overview
Data obtained from NEPS/QVR search
Current refers to years 2005 – present
Identified 24 applicants, not exhaustive
15 (62%) are female
11 (46% ) are African Americans; 10 (46%) are Hispanic, 1 Native American, 1 Asian
14 (58%) are currently funded (excludes those funded previously, i.e., funding recently ended)
13 currently funded by NIDA
Funding awards include: RO1, KO1,RO3, F31
Diversity Supplement Funding Highlights
Approximately 11 -12 (50%) of all the applications addressed minority health and/or diversity issues (conservative estimate)
Approximately 6 of the applications addressed “basic” research including brain imaging (RO1 awarded)
Two supplement recipients received the PECASE awards:Deborah Furr-Holden, NIAAA grantee Laura O’Dell, NIDA grantee
Summer Research with NIDA
Supported by Diversity Supplement Program
Observed that high school and undergraduate students were underrepresented in the program
Explored reasons for their underrepresentation: PIs did not have ready access to students Students are “needier”, require great deal of teaching and
supervision Reluctant to take on students long-term responsibility
SPO assumed recruitment, selection and placement responsibility on behalf of interested Pis
Pilot program received early support from NIMHD
Summer Research with NIDA
Provides 8-10 week research placement with a NIDA investigator
High interest in NIDA PIs: 2011 program offers 142 sites with 64 in “social sciences” and 78 in “life sciences”
Yearly increases in student interest: Approximately 280 expressed interest in 2010 and 2011
Total cumulative cost of about $6.2 million; about $500-600 thousand per year
Expect to place about 65 -70 students in 2011
Total Cost Gender Ethnicity
F M Black Hispanic NA API TOTAL
FY 1997 $180,559 16 6 16 5 1 -- 22
FY 1998 $184,921 15 7 17 3 1 1 22
FY 1999 $320,634 31 8 31 4 3 1 39
FY 2000 $276,421 25 7 19 6 3 4 32
FY 2001 $334,587 25 15 25 3 3 9 40
FY 2002 $637,025 54 22 46 12 8 10 76
FY 2003 $583,328 48 24 43 11 5 13 72
FY 2004 $523,177 52 18 56 6 2 6 70
FY 2005 $630,533 58 26 50 21 3 10 84
FY 2006 $572,336 63 14 49 17 2 9 77
FY 2007 $421,902 37 15 29 14 -- 9 52
FY 2008 $430,547 36 18 28 13 3 10 54
FY 2009 $514,434 45 17 33 5 -- 24 62
FY 2010 $548,890 46 21 34 15 3 15 67
TOTAL $6,159,294 551 218 476 135 37 121 769
Summer Research with NIDA Program Participation - All Years
2009 Assessment: Students
Student response rate of about 65% (n=42)
Student profile: Race/Ethnicity: 48% African American, 33% Asian Mean age: 20; Range: 15 - 43
Majority were undergraduate freshmen (39% ) and sophomores (35%)
16% attended HBCUs
99% rated experience as excellent (44%), very good (43%) or good (12%)
97% rated mentoring as excellent (64%), very good (19%) or good (14%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
17%
21%
29%
31%
36%
38%
52%
67%
76% Broadened my view of career possibilities.
Influenced me to try to ob-tain other research expe-riences.
Influenced me to further my studies.
Made me realize that I had abilities that I was not fully aware of.
Improved my academic performance.
Influenced me in other ways
Made me re-examine what I wanted to do in life.
Influenced me to pursue a career in drug abuse re-search.
Impact of Internship
Seminar Series
Two meeting, technical assistance program established in 1980s for underrepresented scientists who are ready to apply for independent awards
Eligibility requirements: Must have written concept to participate, Research interest must be related to NIDA’s mission and
priorities, Must be able to submit an application to NIH (have an
institutional affiliation and standing within the institution)
Provides science and proposal development lectures, small group discussion, and one-on-one mentoring in two-session seminars (about 6 months apart)
Seminar Series
Mentoring provided by staff and extramural scientists
Second session centers on mock review led by NIDA SRA
Expectation is that application will be submitted within 6 – 12 months after last session
Usually 2 -3 workshops are held per year
Seminar Series accepts participants from other SPO or NIDA efforts, e.g., persons participating in work group activities
Seminar Series Outcomes
18 - 19 persons who participated at some point in the series are current NIDA/NIH grantees; all NIDA except 1
5 – 6 recent grantees (funding expired within last 5 years)
Diversity-promoting Institutions Drug Abuse Research Program (DIDARP)
Capacity development program, provides Institutional resources and supportFaculty developmentStudent developmentResearch support
NIDA review
Divisions fund
Current DIDARP Programs
Howard University (Kathy Sanders Phillips)
Morehouse School of Medicine (Ronald Braithwaite )
Meharry College of Medicine (Hubert Rucker)
University of Hawaii (Linda Chang)
University of Houston (Avelardo Valdez)
University of Puerto Rico (Albizu-Garcia) Universidad Central Del Caribe (Eddy Rios-Olivares) Hunter College (Vanya Quinones-Jenab) California State University San Bernandino (Cynthia
Crawford) City College of New York (CCNY) (Eitan Friedman) Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
(Theodore Friedman)
Recent Programs since 2005
Florida International (Mario de la Rosa)
Morgan State University (Fernando Wagner)
SUNY, College at Old Westbury (George Stefano)
Hampton University (Hugh McLean)
Morris Brown College (Jeanne Stahl)
DIDARP: Selected Outcomes(Source: Progress Reports)
SUNY, Old Westbury (undergraduate program) PI and faculty participant (most recent PI) awarded patents
dealing with mu3 opiate receptor subtypes Faculty participant received Fogarty MIRT grant and
NCMHD MHIRT grant 80% of students have gone to graduate, MD, or MD/PhD
programs Students received prestigious awards including:
University’s Presidential Award for Academic Excellence, Excellence in Research, Chancellor’s Research Award (selected from entire SUNY system)
Initiated program for high school honors students. Some of these students received scientific and academic awards: Siemens Westinghouse, Intel Science, International Science and Engineering, American Mathematics Award of Distinction
SUNY, Old Westbury continuedDIDARP: Selected Outcomes(Source: Progress Reports)
Student won 2nd prize at 2007 COR colloquium Studies included: morphine induced analgesia;
distribution of endomorphine in the tissues of the snail; Planorbarius corneus cloning and sequencing
Student research published in peer reviewed journal
Student received MHIRT support for 10 week study at the University of Lille, France, to work on nitric oxide and nerve regeneration
About 40 publicationsSignificant research: morphine is present in
invertebrate ganglia; normal healthy human white blood cells can produce morphine
DIDARP: Selected Outcomes(Source: Progress Reports)
Morgan State U. (undergraduate and graduate students) Focus on drug use, mental health, HIV, nicotine in urban and
minority communities PI received NIHMD support: reducing tobacco smoking among
residents of low income urban settings Graduate student won best dissertation award for work on
depression and onset of tobacco use in adolescents Held writing institute for faculty from Morgan and Coppin State Established two courses for public health degree program
including methodological and analytical issues in substance abuse research
13 publications, some with students and well-established colleagues (e.g., Ialongo, Jim Anthony
Publications on topics such as: high risk sexual behaviors in African American males at HBCUs, risk behaviors in Mexican middle school students, covariates of early substance abuse use among African American 5th graders
DIDARP: Selected Outcomes(Source: Progress Reports)
Florida International (graduate) Focus on drug abuse among Latinos (Cuban,
Dominican, Colombian, Honduran, Nicaraguan descent)
PI received P20 from NIMHD in 2007: Center for Substance Use and AIDS Research on Latinos in the U.S.
Required students and faculty to submit to NIH Faculty member received R21 from NIAAA Two students received F31s from NIDA (drug use and
dietary patterns among Latinas; commitment language in adolescent AOD treatment)
28 publications Special journal issue on substance abusing Latinos
Racial/Ethnic Minority Work Groups
Researchers and others involved in drug abuse research/programs representing the interests of African American, Native American, Alaska Native, Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latinos populations
Originally convened to provide advice to NIDA on Researcher development needs and obstacles Research needs within the population Barriers to research Research dissemination
Provide mentoring and stimulate research
Racial/Ethnic Minority Work Groups
Researchers and others involved in drug abuse research/programs representing the interests of African American, Native American, Alaska Native, Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latinos populations
Provide advice to NIDA on Researcher development needs and obstacles Research needs within the population Barriers to research Research dissemination
Provide mentoring and stimulate research
Selected Work Group Activities
Native American/Alaska Native Individualized mentoring program
Asian American/Pacific IslanderMentoring meeting, 2010
National Hispanic Science Network Summer graduate student research training
African American Mini-medical school on addiction and
Addiction Research Training Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine
Race And Ethnicity Representation of Research Grants
Fiscal Year White1
African Amer.1
All Hispanic2 Other3
2000 86.2% 1.3% 2.9% 11.4%
2001 85.7% 1.3% 2.9% 12.1%
2002 85.2% 1.5% 3.1% 12.4%
2003 84.4% 1.6% 3.3% 13.2%
2004 83.5% 1.7% 3.3% 14.1%
2005 82.8% 1.7% 3.5% 14.8%
2006 82.1% 1.8% 3.5% 15.4%1Race Data may contain individuals reporting Hispanic Ethnicity, as well as individuals reporting more than one race
2“All Hispanic” includes Hispanic Race, plus individuals reporting Hispanic Ethnicity (for these individuals the data includes individuals who are represented in one or more of the racial groups).
3Includes Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaskan
1995 276/926 233/720
3 /19 10/25 18 /67 22/124
1996 264/1003 229/824 2/14 5/31 15/83 22/74
1997 312/971 253/787 2/14 10/28 37/96 21/68
1998 328/1072 275/865 2/28 10/34 26/85 22/90
1999 338/996 290/805 6/29 9/30 25/90 20/71
2000 355/956 301/764 5/18 12/29 30/93 19/78
2001 432/1200 356/947 4/17 11/41 41/140 31/102
2002 353/1149 292/936 7/31 14/39 31/112 24/82
2003 425/1224 357/997 10/35 12/38 43/137 21/66
2004 394/1465 339/1194 3/43 13/58 36/163 18/84
2005 376/1727 315/1383 5/42 21/65 31/166 27/143
2006 367/1853 288/1422 5/55 10/64 43/215 34/178
2007 414/1766 328/1349 6/40 17/73 40/227 43/166
Race and Ethnicity of NIDA Applicants andAwardees Based on NIDA Success Rate
Overall African FY Total White American Hispanic Other Unknown
1995 29.8 32.4 15.8 40.0 26.9 17.7
1996 26.3 27.8 14.3 16.1 18.1 29.7
1997 32.1 32.1 14.3 35.7 38.5 30.9
1998 30.6 31.8 7.1 29.4 30.6 22.2
1999 33.9 36.0 20.7 30.0 27.8 28.2
2000 37.1 39.4 27.8 41.4 32.3 24.4
2001 36.0 37.6 23.5 26.8 29.3 30.1
2002 30.7 31.2 22.6 35.9 27.7 29.3
2003 34.7 35.8 28.6 31.6 31.4 31.8
2004 26.9 28.4 7.0 22.4 22.1 21.4
2005 21.8 22.8 11.9 32.3 18.7 18.9
2006 19.8 20.3 9.1 15.7 20.0 19.1
2007 23.4 23.9 15.0 23.3 17.7 25.9
Race and Ethnicity of NIDA Applicants andAwardees Based on NIDA Success Rate
Overall African FY Total White American Hispanic Other Unknown
Mechanisms
Instruments or ways in which money is transferred from NIH to recipient
Mechanisms for New Investigators?
Select based on science/research needs first
Common first independent award mechanismRO3s, e.g., A Start (HIV/AIDS), B StartR01 (consideration for early career/first
award)
Mechanisms Vary . . .
In Intent
Dollar Amount
Length of Support
Review Criteria
Watch Your Ps & Qs …
and your
“R”s, “U”s, “F”s, “K”s, “T”s
The Alphabet Soup of NIH
R Awards
Support original investigator-initiated research and research development activities
No maximum amount of support unless stated; request for over $500,000 in direct costs per year must be approved before submission
Grants usually range from 3 –5 years
Review criteria include significance, originality, investigator experience, research resources
R Awards: Examples RO1 – original research, confidence in researcher
and research environment, “gold standard”
RO3 – small grant, for pilot work, new investigators
R21 – exploratory, new idea
R13 – research conference grant
R15– Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA grant) , for institutions without strong research experience
R24 – often capacity development awards, can vary by IC; for NIDA it’s DIDARP
F Awards
Provide research training for students
Separate budget line (NRSA)
Stipends are uniformly established by NIH
Support is usually from 3-5 years, time limit on eligibility
Review criteria includes student’s grades, recommendations, and mentor’s credentials
Student must be working with person/environment with active research
F Awards: Examples
F30 – Predoctoral M.D./Ph.D. Fellowships
F31 -- Individual Predoctoral Fellowships
F32 -- Individual Postdoctoral Fellowships
Fellowships specific for Minority Students are available
Pre and Postdoctoral Fellowships are available through T32 grants (Training Centers)
K Awards: Examples
Early Career
KO1– Mentored Research Scientist Development Award
K08 – Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award
K12 -- Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Program Award (educational institution)
K23 -- Mentored Patient-Oriented Career Development Award
K Awards
Support professionals wanting to enter research career or strengthen research skills
Awards are usually for 5 years
Amount is a certain percent of salary (up to 75% or more) plus research expenses, varies by IC and specific award
Review criteria varies if mentored award or independent award
Mentored Career Development Awards (K Awards) Mentored Research Scientist Development
(K01)
Mentored Clinical Scientist Development (K08)
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development (K23)
Mentored Quantitative Research Development (K25)
Features of Each:
Duration: up to 5 years
Mentor required: Yes
Salary: up to $90,000/yr
Research costs: up to $50,000/yr
Renewable: No
K Awards: Examples
Middle Career
K02 – Independent Scientist Award
K24– Mid-Career Investigators in Patient-Oriented Research Award
Senior Career
K05 -- Senior Scientist Award
R03 – Small Grants Program
Intended for newer, less-experienced investigators
Ideal for investigators at institutions that are not traditionally well developed in research
Good for exploratory studies or research methods and techniques
Up to $50,000/yr in direct costs for up to 2 years
PAR-10-021 (R03) – A/Start (AIDS-Science Track Award)
This funding opportunity announcement seeks to facilitate the entry of both newly independent and early career investigators to the area of drug abuse research on HIV/AIDS.
2 years support, at a maximum of $100,000/yr in direct costs
Funded investigators expected to submit R01 grant applications intersection of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS
DESPR (epidemiology, prevention, services research) program contact is Dr. Richard Jenkins, [email protected]
Funding Opportunity Announcements
Drug Abuse Dissertation Research in Epidemiology, Prevention, Treatment, Services and/or Women and Sex/Gender Differences
PAR10-020 (R36)
Health Services Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
PA-08-263 (R01)
PA-08-264 (R21)
PA-08-265 (R03)
Drug Abuse Prevention Intervention Research PA-08-217 (R01)
PA-08-218 (R21)
PA-08-219 (R03)
Drug Abuse, Risky Decision Making and HIV/AIDSPAS-07-324 (R01)PAS-07-325 (R21)PAS-07-326 (R03)
Funding Opportunities in which NIDA Participates
NIH Pathway to Independence Award
PA-10-063 (Parent K99/R00)
Social Network Analysis and Health
PAR-10-145 (R01)PAR-10-146 (R21)
Women's Mental Health in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
PA-09-174 (R01)PA-09-175 (R21)
Research on Teen Dating Violence
PA-09-169 (R01)PA-09-170 (R21)
NIH Loan Repayment Programs (LRPs) are a vital component of our nation's efforts to attract health professionals to careers in research.
How they work:
Increase the number of biomedical and behavioral research scientists
NIH: Repays up to $35,000 per year of your qualifiededucational debt and covers the resulting taxes
You: Commit to perform research for 2 years
Preparing Yourself: Read the Funding Opportunities (PAs and RFAs)
Explain the purpose, eligibility, objectives
Identify the mechanism(s) to be used
Provide application receipt dates – AIDS and non-AIDS
List participating ICs
Identify program contacts
Give review criteria
May give some background and source material
Preparing Yourself to Seize NIH Opportunities
Know the mission, funding priorities, and culture and style of the sponsoring organization.
Become knowledgeable about research and researcher development activities at NIH but particularly the ICs that support work related to your interest (e.g.,NIDA, NIMH, NCMHD)
Prepare a short concept paper (1-5 pages) on your research ideas for review by program staff and colleagues
Contact program officials at the ICs
Develop a relationship with your sponsored research office
Preparing Yourself to Seize NIH Opportunities
Never submit an application without conferring with program
Know who will likely review your application
Expect not to be funded the first time around; it’s not the norm
Be prepared to be funded the first time around
Cultivate a strong support system that understands the process
After You Are Funded (Post-award)
Publish!
Know your and your institution’s responsibilities and authority
Know your institution’s financial administrator for your grant
Know who your NIH Program and Grants Management Officials are; know their roles; establish relationship with Program Official
Make no programmatic or budgetary changes without permission
Post-Award
Did I say Publish?
Turn in reports on time
Anticipate/Explain delays
Participate in NIH meetings
Serve on review committees
Consider diversity supplement
Begin revised or new grant application submission early
And Publish! (The beginning, middle and end)
Keep in Touch
Establish and maintain relationships with staff and colleagues
Lula Beatty [email protected]