Modern China

Modern China1976 - 2007

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Premier Hua Guofeng

• Central Committee of the Party - Hua versus the Gang of Four (led by Jiang Qing)

• Gang of Four arrested.

• “Two Whatevers” - policies and orders of Mao



Deng Xiaoping

• Weakens cult of Mao - “70% right, 30% wrong”

• Opens China economically but not politically

• Four Modernizations - agriculture, industry, science, and military

• One-Child Policy• 1979 - President Carter

recognizes PRC instead of ROC.• Deng Xiaoping visits USA.• Taiwan - “One Country, Two

Systems”• Special Economic Zones &

experimentation





Tiananmen Square 1989June 4 (6/4)

• Calls for reforms and freedoms grow across China.

• Reformers versus Traditionalists• Death of Hu Yaobang lead to

gatherings and then protests in Beijing.

• University students lead public protests.

• Negotiations and confrontations continue.

• Pro-reform leaders lose arguments and are sacked.

• Deng sends the army to clear the protests.

• At least hundreds killed, thousands arrested.

• Weakened China’s image abroad





Major Social Issues

• Rapid change• Inflation• Unemployment• Internal immigration• Weak social

supports• Corruption



1991 - First McDonald’s



1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis



1997 Hong Kong Handover

• Hong Kong reabsorbed at midnight on June 30, 1997.

• Hong Kong has a much higher standard of living.

• Banking center for Asia



Jiang Zemin

• Deng Xiaoping dies in 1997.

• Jiang Zemin becomes China’s leader: Third Generation



Yangzi River Floods of 1998



Taiwan’s Political Changes

• 1998 Taiwan ends military control of the government.

• Taiwan has survived and grown quickly and strong.

• Wealthy and industrial• Investing in China, now

openly• May be a model for China• 1999 Chen Shui-bian

becomes the first democratically elected president of the Republic of China.



Falun Gong

• 1999 Protests• Based on traditional

spiritualism in Buddhism and Daoism

• Up to 70 million members

• Seen as a threat to Communist Party Power





Hu Jintao

• Hu Jintao becomes Chairman of the CCP in 2002.

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SARS & Avian Flu Crisis2002

• SARS

• Avian Flu

• Hidden at first, then addressed massively





2003 - Yang Liwei is China’s first man in space.



Three Gorges Dam



North Korean Nuclear Testing



Population

• 1,300,000,000 people - 1 of 5 humans alive today

• In 1996, a Chinese baby is born every minute.

• China wants to keep its population below 1.6 billion by 2050.

• 3 of 4 Chinese works in farming.

• Urban population will equal rural population in about 2025.

• 108 million non-Han minorities in 55 groups







Tibet & the Dalai Lama



Xinjiang Province

• Muslim Uigher majority

• Now allowed more religious freedom

• Ties to central Asian republics

• Trade and bombings increasing



The Economy

• Trying to raise its standard of living - house, car, appliances, modern medicine, meat

• 13 million more workers every year

• More than 1 million migrant workers live in Beijing.











Trade

• Japan and China are each other’s largest trading partners.

• China is second only to Japan for USA.

• Largest producer of steel, cement, tvs, coal, fertilizer, tobacco

• Nearly the highest in electricity and motor vehicles

• New million person towns being built in coastal areas, especially in the south.

• “Breaking the Iron Rice Bowl”• Trying to control inflation - still

lots of government controls and interventions





SnakeheadsHuman Smuggling



Drugs

• World’s largest cigarette maker

• Opium and heroin move from Southeast Asia into and through China

• Over 200,000 registered addicts

• AIDS on the rise - over 200,000 cases



Government & Society

• Rich & Poor• East & West• Urban & Rural

• Communist Party divided between traditionalists and reformers.

• How much openness in the economy?

• How many other freedoms?

• Will disagreements distract leadership from trouble around the edges?





The Army

• China has the largest and fastest growing large army on Earth.

• Major world’s arms dealer



Law & Order

• In the 1990s, more people executed in China than in all other countries combined, peaking at 1000 per month in 1996.



Education

• 16% illiteracy - can’t read 500 characters, women more illiterate than men

• Schooling is still traditional and formal.

• Students memorize information, not trained to ask questions.

• 2 of 1000 Chinese attend university. USA is 50 for 1000.





The Media

• Television - about 1 billion viewers, state control and censorship

• Censorship - Great Internet Wall

• Second only to USA in internet use

• Serve the government• Government needs

information and opinions.• Social and political

controls slow new ideas.





Religion

• Control and persecution of religious groups

• Catholics and other Christians

• Muslims• Falun Gong



Family

• Fertility control• “Little Emperors”• 16% of five year olds

are underweight.• Parents arrange 95%

of marriages in rural areas, 25% in cities.

• There are 110 million more young adult men than women. Whom will they marry?



The Environment

• China has one of the world’s greatest biodiversities and biodiversity loss.

• China has about 1000 nature preserves, about 10% of its total land.

• World’s largest dam and reservoir - 2009

• World’s largest water diversion project - 2050

• Available farm land has fallen from 12% to 7% due to construction and land loss.

• Facing extinction - giant panda, freshwater dolphin, Chinese alligator



Mungo National Park



China’s Oil Claims in theSouth China Sea



Pollution

• Over 12 million pounds of organic pollutants is dumped into Chinese rivers and lakes per day.

• Air pollution, water pollution, erosion, desertification, salinization

• Waste accumulation, little recycling, imports garbage

• Urbanization• Phased out leaded gas in one

year, fuel efficiency minimums

• By 1997, China closed down more than 57,000 small polluters.







Reforestation Projects





China moves into the future.



Date post:	11-May-2015
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Modern China

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