MODULOS 1 2 3 STUDENTS GUIDE MODULO 1 EKT UFPS Students’ guide july 2010 ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.) C. A.: ruling 200 06/11/2007; C. A. : agreement 11/05/2010 Dear student: Res. 200/06/2007 issued by C.A. stated that in order to get a degree one of the requirements is to pass a proficiency test in English (or other language). This is been done by now only on Written Competences: grammatical, textual, textual coherence and reading comprehension. On the other hand C.D. stated the vocational courses for preparing for the test on proficiency in English. Fir that reason, the language area has organized a course of 60 class- hours plus virtual ones and the student’s work. This course is designed for preparing in vocabulary, grammar usage and reading comprehension. It’s divided in three sections: part 1, part 2 and part 3. These guide the learning or feed back on pronouns, determinants, use of there+be, tenses, passive voice, questions and answers, use of special verbs, parts of the sentence, conditionals, phrasal verbs (idioms). At the end of it, it is annexed a series of vocabularies and common expressions in English. There arre two more helps, a module of examples of questions and answers on ICFES/ECAES tests, and, adtional Joven estudiante: El C.A. por resolución 200/06/2007 ordenó que para poderse graduar uno de los requisitos exigidos es pasar una prueba de suficiencia en inglés (otro idioma). Esta se hace en el momento para Competencias por escrito: grammatical, textual, coherencia textual and comprension de lectura. Igualmente el C. D. ordenó la realización de cursos vacacionales de preparación para la prueba de suficiencia en inglés. Por tal razón se ha organizado en el area de idiomas la realización de un curso de 60 horas presenciales más horas virtuales y de trabajo del estudiante. Este curso está diseñado para prepararse en vocabulario, uso gramatical y comprensión lectora. Dividido en tres secciones: parte 1, parte 2 y parte 3. Estas orientan el aprendizaje o refuerzo de pronombres, determinantes, uso de there+be, tiempos, voz pasiva, preguntas y respuestas, usos de ciertos verbos especiales, palabras parte de la oración, condicionales, verbos modales (modismos). En a parte final se anexa una serie de vocabularios y expresiones comunes del inglés.
Transcript
MODULOS 1 2 3 STUDENTS GUIDE
MODULO 1 EKT UFPS Students’ guide july 2010
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
C. A.: ruling 200 06/11/2007; C. A. : agreement 11/05/2010Dear student:
Res. 200/06/2007 issued by C.A. stated that in order to get a degree one of the requirements is to pass a proficiency test in English (or other language). This is been done by now only on Written Competences: grammatical, textual, textual coherence and reading comprehension.On the other hand C.D. stated the vocational courses for preparing for the test on proficiency in English.Fir that reason, the language area has organized a course of 60 class-hours plus virtual ones and the student’s work.This course is designed for preparing in vocabulary, grammar usage and reading comprehension.It’s divided in three sections: part 1, part 2 and part 3.These guide the learning or feed back on pronouns, determinants, use of there+be, tenses, passive voice, questions and answers, use of special verbs, parts of the sentence, conditionals, phrasal verbs (idioms).At the end of it, it is annexed a series of vocabularies and common expressions in English.
There arre two more helps, a module of examples of questions and answers on ICFES/ECAES tests, and, adtional module from Mr. Sheraton in which you can look up and widen your knowledges.
You can find it in a blog:www.bepenglishworks.Wordpress.comThis module is written in tables and some of them have the translation into Spanish for better help and comprehension.
It is important to remember that you learn what you really want to learn and that you have to work hard to do it.Your teacher is a leader, collaborator and consultant.The evaluation of the learning will be performed as usual: first previous, second previous, third previous and final test.
Joven estudiante:
El C.A. por resolución 200/06/2007 ordenó que para poderse graduar uno de los requisitos exigidos es pasar una prueba de suficiencia en inglés (otro idioma). Esta se hace en el momento para Competencias por escrito: grammatical, textual, coherencia textual and comprension de lectura.Igualmente el C. D. ordenó la realización de cursos vacacionales de preparación para la prueba de suficiencia en inglés.Por tal razón se ha organizado en el area de idiomas la realización de un curso de 60 horas presenciales más horas virtuales y de trabajo del estudiante.Este curso está diseñado para prepararse en vocabulario, uso gramatical y comprensión lectora.Dividido en tres secciones: parte 1, parte 2 y parte 3.Estas orientan el aprendizaje o refuerzo de pronombres, determinantes, uso de there+be, tiempos, voz pasiva, preguntas y respuestas, usos de ciertos verbos especiales, palabras parte de la oración, condicionales, verbos modales (modismos).En a parte final se anexa una serie de vocabularios y expresiones comunes del inglés.Hay dos ayudas más, un módulo de modelos de preguntas tipo ICFES/ECAES y un módulo adicional del lingüista Sheraton en el cual se pueden hacer consultas y ampliación de conocimientos.Consulte en el blog: www.bepenglishworks.Wordpress.comEste módulo esta desarrollado en cuadros y varios de estos tienen la traducción al castellano para mayor ayuda y comprensión.Es importante recordar que usted aprende lo que realmente quiere aprender y que tiene que trabajar duro para lograrlo.Su profesor es un orientador, una ayuda y un consultor.La evaluación del aprendizaje se realizará como de costumbre: primer previo, segundo previo, tercer previo y examen final.
THIRD PREVIOUS Units 1-31 Participation, classworks, homeworks, short tests, etc.
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
N° FIRST PART - CONTENTS HS/C ∑/H
Information about the course 1 1Placement test 2 3
1 PRONOUNS & DETERMINANTS 3 6 OK2 THERE +BE 2 8 OK3 INTRODUCTION TO TENSES 2 10 OK4 GOING TO 2 12 OK5 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 2 14 OK6 PRESENT CONTINUOUS 2 16 OK7 PAST CONTINUOUS 2 18 OK8 SIMPLE PAST TENSE 2 20 OK9 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBOS 2 22 OK
1ST PREVIOUS 2 24
1 PRONOUNS & DETERMINANTS 3 6 OK
I me myself my mine everybody somebody whoyou you yourself your yours everyone someone whichhe him himself his his everything something thatshe her herself her hers nobody anybody whomit it itself its its no one anyone whosewe us ourselves our ours nothing anythingyou you yourselves your yoursthey them themselves their theis
1B. (TEXTS) USING PRONOUNS AND DETERMINANTS
I like to write novels for my students. They read them with enthusiasm. Mary is a good writer too. She likes to read poems. She sent me a poem about the flowers of her garden. She said: “These novels are yours but these poems are mine. Every student should do his/her own tasks. So he
himself will learn a lot or she herself will have success. When a girl found a small calculator she started asking “was it lost by you, or by her, or by us, or by them” Somebody, a boy replied that it must be his, or hers, or yours, or ours or theirs.The homeworks were well written by the students but the teacher began to doubt about it so he questioned every one with these words: -Did you do it yourself? -Yes, I did it myself. –Did Peter do it himself -No he didn’t do it himself, somebody did it for him. Did Lucy did it herself? - Yes, she did it by herself, even her mother helped her a little.Did you know that everybody here has a motorcycle but nobody has a bus. Somebody said that it was possible to get something for the lunch but no one had a single dollar. Anthony asked if anybody had anything to be sold, but there was nothing. Mary asked: -Did you see anybody at the restaurant? -No, I didn’t see anybody there, answered John. I saw somebody near the door replied LouWho is that tall boy over there? -Which one, the one whose shirt is blue? Yes, please tell him to come here. Excuse me whom did you say to come here?Do you see the man with a blue shirt that is holding a vase? That one is the one I need to talk too, please ask him to come here.
2 THERE +BE 2 8 OK
There is (singular) Hay There is a houseThere are (plural) Hay There are two housesThere was (s) Hubo, había There was a party last nightThere were (p) Hubo, había There were many peopleThere has been (s) Ha habido There has been a hurricaneThere have been (p) Ha habido There have been two hurricanesThere had been Había habido There had been many problemsThere will be Habrá There will be a party tonightThere is going to be (s) Va a haber There is going to be a celebrationThere are going to be (p) Va a haber There are going to be many guestsThere was going to be (s) Iba a haber There was going to be a party yesterdayThere were going to be (p) Iba a haber There were going to be many guests
2B. THERE BE (TEXTS) USING THE EXPRESSION THERE + BE
There is a house near the hospital, but there isn’t any near the Red Cross. There are two small orange trees in the middle of the yard and for that there wasn’t the party for new students. There were many people waiting to know where the party was going to be. Somebody said that there has been a storm and therefore everybody should go back home. The police said that there have been two storms lately and because of that the security of the people was first. For that decision there had
been many problems with young people who wished to dance rock and roll. The organizers informed that there will be a party next Saturday because there was going to be the city celebration of hundreds of years. The major also communicated that there were going to be many guests.
3 INTRODUCTION TO TENSES 2 10 OK
Tense Example Translation Explanation
Present continuous Presente progresivo
Are you drinking tea? Está tomando té? Esta ocurriendo
Simple past tensePresente simple
Do you drink tea? Tomas té? Costumbre
Past continuousPasado progresivo
Were you drinking tea? Estabas tomando té?
Se estuvo haciendo
Simple past tensePasado simple
Did you drink tea? Tomaste té? Actividad realizada
Future continuousFuturo progresivo
Will you be drinking tea? Estarás tomando té Lo que se planea hacer
Simple future tenseFuturo simple
Will you drink tea? Tomarás té Deseo, predicción, futuro
Near futureFuturo próximo
Are you going to drink tea? Vas a tomar té? Lo que se planea hacer
Present perfect continuous Presente perfect progresivo
Have you been drinking tea?
Has estado tomando té?
Ocurrió y ocurre
Present perfectPresente perfecto
Have you drunk tea? Has tomado té Ocurrió, ocurre aún
Past perfect continuousPasado perfecto progresivo
Had you been drinking tea? Habías estado tomando té?
Ocurrió
Past perfectPasado perfecto
Had you drunk tea? Habías tomado té? Ocurría cuando …
Will you have drunk tea? Habrás tomado té? Predicción por futuro
3B SHORT FORMS (& TAG QUESTIONS)
01 You can work here, can’t you?Yes, I can. (No, I can´t).
02 You couldn´t play everywhere, could you? (Yes, I could). No, I couldn’t.
03 He may type it, may he not?Yes, he may. (No, he may not)
04 She might not watch it, might she? (Yes, she might). No, she might not.
05 We shall laugh, shan’t we?Yes, we shall. ( No, we shan’t)
06 They shouldn’t play, should they? (Yes, they should). No, they shouldn´t
07 He will learn English, won’t he?Yes, he will. (No, he won’t).
08 John wouldn’t mow the lawn, would he? (Yes, he would). No, he wouldn’t)
09 Mary closes the door, doesn’t she?Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t)
10 Doctors earn a lot of money, don’t they? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t)
11 They didn’t visit it, did they?(Yes, they did). No they didn’t.
12 We must begin to do it, musn’t we? Yes, we do. (No, we musn´t)
13 You dare say it, don’t you?Yes, I do. (No I don’t).
14 She is catching the ball, isn’t she? So is he. (He is too)
15 The dog is digging in the yard. So is Kaiser. (Kaiser is too)
16 They are wearing old clothes. So are we. (We are too)
17 It was falling downSo was the pencil. (The pencil was too)
18 They were cutting the best woods So were we. (We were too)
19 He drinks cheap beer. So does Pete. (Pete does too)
20 I drive the biggest truck So do they. (They do too)
21 They ate sea food So did we. (We did too)
4 GOING TO (IMMEDIATE FUTURE) 2 12 7 OK
I am going to travel to Paris. (Voy a viajar a París)I am going to visit my grandmother. (Voy a visitar a mi abuela)She is going to make a cake for me. (Ella va a hacer una torta para mi)They are not going to remember that . (Ellos no se van a acordar de eso)We are not going to go anywhere. (Nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna parte)Who is going to come today? (¿Quién va a venir hoy?)Are you going to buy a new car? (¿Vas comprar un nuevo auto?)Are they going to help you? (¿Ellos te van a ayudar?)What are you going to bring? (¿Qué vas a traer?)When is she going to arrive? (¿Cuándo va a llegar ella?)
4B. (TEXTS) USING GOING TO
I am going to travel to Paris next year. I am going to visit my grandmother who lives in that beautiful city. As soon as I get there I know she is going to make a cake for me. She is going to make an apple cake which is my preferred cake. My sisters and parents are not going to remember that I used to ride on horseback on weekends but as they are not going to go to the hippodrome, we will be going anywhere else as a Museum of fine arts. My mother always like to ask “Who is going to walk today?” or “What are you going to buy at the Mall?” -“Daddy are you going to buy that new Renault Logan at the Car Center?” -Yes, will say my Daddy, -“But are all of you going to help me choose the color?” I don’t know what I am going to bring back to Colombia by July. Anyhow we are going to arrive at Paris airport in January and we are going to come back in July or August.
5 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 2 14 7 OK
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
I drink I don't drink Do I drink?You drink You don't drink Do you drink?He drinks He doesn't drink Does he drink?She drinks She doesn't drink Does she drink?It drinks It doesn't drink Does it drink?We drink We don't drink Do we drink?You drink You don't drink Do you drink?They drink They don't drink Do they drink?
5B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT (simple)
“What do you do every day and what you don’t like to do?” was the announcement in a local newspaper. The investigators wanted to know what were the interests and actions of the citizens. And there was a nice prize: A tour on a sea boat around the world. I answered: “I drink beer every evening and I don’t like to eat pizzas”. John said he likes to ride on bicycle in the morning but he doesn’t like to have breakfast”. Mary answered that she loves sleeping with her cat but that she doesn’t wake up late”. I know that my cat runs in the yard but doesn’t go to the kitchen.” “We prepare hotdogs in the morning but we don’t eat sandwiches”. My parents practice jogging in the early morning but they don’t get on buses to travel.-What does your mother do in the morning? -She washes dishes in the kitchen and cleans the house but she doesn’t like to wash clothes. -What does your father do? -He works in a factory every afternoon but he doesn’t like to pack the merchandise. –What does the pet do at night? -it sleeps on a sofa but it doesn’t eat anything at night.
All the answers of the search were sent in an envelope to the newspaper office and there was an answer thanking them for the collaboration and a week later there was a receipt with a number for the lottery wishing good luck. The number reads 23.453 out of 100.000 participants.
6 PRESENT CONTINUOUS 2 16 8 OK
I am drinking I am not drinking Am I drinking?You are drinking You aren’t drinking Are you drinking?He is drinking He isn't drinking Is he drinking?She is drinking She isn't drinking Is she drinking?It is drinking It isn't drinking Is it drinking?We are drinking We aren't drinking Are we drinking?You are drinking You aren't drinking Are you drinking?They are drinking They aren't drinking Are Do they drinking?
6B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT (CONTINOUS)
The inspector asked the teacher what the students were doing in class. Here are some of the answers she gave him. Right now I am controlling the work they are doing. Lou is painting a tree on piece of paper. He isn’t using his notebook for the task. Fanny is drawing a house in her notebook. She isn’t coloring it. Pete and Nancy are building up a small project of a mini-city. They aren’t using clay but wet paper. The fan is flowing high currents of air but it isn’t moving to the sides.The inspector very seriously asked again: “And what is that boy over there doing now? –He isn’t doing anything because he is sick. He has a terrible toothache. –“And what about that girl over here?”. Oh she is my daughter, she is keeping my company as long as her teacher comes to class. A little angry said: -“ and what the hell are those kids doing out of class, are they playing?” - Oh I’m sorry but they are preparing themselves for the next sport competitions.
7 PAST CONTINUOUS 2 18 OK
I was drinking Was I drinking I wasn´t drinking (Yo) no estaba bebiendoYou were smoking Were you smoking You weren’t smoking (Ud.) no estaba fumandoHe was writing Was he writing He wasn’t writing (El) no estaba escribiendoShe was sleeping Was she sleeping She wasn’t sleeping (Ella) no estaba entendiendoIt was eating Was it eating It wasn’t eating (El) no estaba comiendoWe were playing Were we playing We weren’t playing. (Nos.) no estabamos jugandoYou were studying Were you studying You weren’t studying (Uds.) no estaban estudiandoThey were working Were they working They weren’t working (Ellos) no estaban trabajando
Estuvo, estuvieron
7B (TEXTS) USING PAST (CONTINOUS)
Why were you drinking beer yesterday, ¡Little and unconscientiously boy! Last week we were telling you how dangerous it is to drink at your age. You weren’t studying for your tests. Your mother was asking you to be responsible. She wasn’t cooking that cake for us because of you. The teachers at school were saying that if the boys and girls weren’t preparing for their final tests they
were going to repeat the semester. We were working hard for giving you a high education but if you don´t pay attention you will be flunked. I think I told you and your sisters and brothers to go ahead by working hard. Were you paying attention or weren’t you paying attention? I think you were sleeping on your dreams of rock and dance. When I was as young as you are I wasn’t losing my time, I was working day and night. Please,Little boy¡ grow up, you are sixteen now. Oh, my dear daddy I promise I will be good at the tests. You weren’t looking at me when I was concentrated on my studies and responsibilities. I was studying both Math and Chemistry. I wasn’t being irresponsible I was just having a rest. You’ll see my evaluations.
8 SIMPLE PAST TENSE 2 20 OK
I drank Did I drink? I didn´t drink (Yo) no bebíYou smoke Did you smoke? You didn’t smoke (Ud.) no fumóHe wrote Did he write? He didn’t write (El) no escribióShe slept Did she sleep? She didn’t sleep (Ella) no durmióIt ate It it eat It didn’t eat (El) no comióWe played Did we play We didn’t play. (Nos.) no jugamosYou studied Did you study You didn’t study (Uds.) no estudiaronThey worked Did they work They didn’t work (Ellos) no trabajaron
8B (TEXTS) USING SIMPLE PAST TENSE
There were lots of tasks for the secretaries to be done before the boss came back from his business trips. As soon as he arrived at the office he called the coordinator and asked her about each employee for his/her work. He said, well tell me what did each person exactly do while I was on my business trip. –Boss I controlled the work of each one and wrote in the control book every detail. For example: -Andrew copied all the records and made out a file with the name of “pending informations” -Katherine typed about 30 letter offering our services and sent them to the different companies. – She kept control of it by receipts from the companies. Mark and Lucy cleaned the office and repaired two computers. –The other one must be sent to a special technician. –The other two secretaries attended all clerks and sold a lot of articles. – The employees didn’t lose their time and kept on working. They learned from your responsibility and hard work and for that reason we are having success in business
9 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS (& REGULAR) 2 22 OK
Simple form Past form Past participle form Spanish
awake (auéik) awoke (auóuk) awoke (auóuk) despertarsebecome (bicám) became (bikéim) become (bicám) convertise enbegin (biguín) began (bigán) begun (bigán) comenzarbend (bend) bent (bent) bent (bent) doblarbet (bet) bet (bet) bet (bet) apostarbind (báind) bound (báund) bound (báund) atarbite (báit) bit (bit) bitten (bíten) morderbleed (blíid) bled (bled) bled (bled) sangrarblow (blóu) blew (blu) blown (blóun) soplarbreak (bréik) broke (bróuk) broken (bróuken) romperbring (bring) brought(brot) brought (brot) traerbuild (bild) built (bilt) built (bilt) construirbuy (bái) bought (bot) bought (bot) comprarcatch (cátch) caught(cot) caught (cot) agarrar, cogerchoose (chúus) chose (chóus) chosen (chóusen) elegircome (cam) came (kéim) come (cam) venirdo (du) did (did) done (doon) hacerdraw (dro) drew (dru) drawn (droon) dibujar, atraerdrink (drink) drank (draank) drunk (drank) beberdrive (dráiv) drove (dróuv) driven (dríven) conducireat (íit) ate (éit) eaten (íten) comerfall (fol) fell (fel) fallen (fólen) caerfeed (fíid) fed (fed) fed (fed) dar de comerfeel (fíil) felt (felt) felt (felt) sentirfight (fáit) fought (fot) fought (fot) pelearfind (fáind) found (fáund) found (fáund) encontrar, hallar
fly (flái) flew (flu) flown (flóun) volarforget (forguét) forgot (forgót) forgotten (forgóten) olvidarget (guét) got (got) got(ten) (góten) conseguirgive (guív) gave (guéiv) given (guíven) dargo (góu) went (uént) gone (gón) irgrow (gróu) grew (gru) grown (gróun) crecerhang (jang) hung (jaang) hung (jaang) colgarhave (jav) had (jad) had (jad) tenerhit (jit) hit (jit) hit (jit) golpearhold (jóuld) held (jeld) held (jeld) sostener asirkeep (kíip) kept (kept) kept (kept) guardar, mantenerknow (nóu) knew (niú) known (nóun) saber, conocerlead (líid) led (led) led (led) guiarleave (líiv) left (left) left (left) dejar irselend (lend) lent (lent) lent (lent) prestarlose (lúus) lost (lost) lost (lost) perder make (méik) made (méid) made (méid) hacermean (míin) meant (ment) meant (ment) significarmeet (míit) met (met) met (met) encontrarse conpay (péi) paid (péid) paid (péid) pagarput (put) put (put) put (put) ponerread (ríid) read (red) read (red) leerride (ráid) rode (róud) ridden (ríden) montar, andar enrun (ran) ran (raan) run (ran) corrersay (séi) said (sed) said (sed) decirsee (síi) saw (so) seen (síin) versell (sel) sold (sóuld) sold (sóuld) vendershow (shóu) showed (shóud) shown (shóun) mostrarsing (sing) sang (sang) sung (saang) cantarsink (sink) sank (saank) sunk (sank) hundirsit (sit) sat (sat) sat (sat) sentarsesleep (slíip) slept (slept) slept (slept) dormir
speak (spíik) spoke (spóuk) spoken (spóuken) hablarspend (spend) spent (spent) spent (spent) gastarswim (suím) swam (suáam) swum (suám) nadartake (téik) took (túk) taken (téiken) llevar tomarteach (tíich) taught (tot) taught (tot) enseñar tear (ter) tore (tor) torn (torn) desgarrartell (tel) told (tóuld) told (tóuld) decirthink (zink) thought (zot) thought (zot) pensarthrow (zróu) threw (zru) thrown (zróun) arrojarunderstand(-stáand) understood (-stúd) understood (-stúd) entenderwear (wer) wore (wor) worn (worn) usar (ropa)win (win) won (won) won (won) ganarwrite (ráit) wrote (róut) written (ríten) escribir
9B LIST OF REGULAR VERBS
Simple form Simple past tense Past participle Spanish meaning
D or ED (Pronounce /t/ )workwashtypelaughwatchpushpick
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
N° SECOND PART - CONTENTS HS/C ∑/H
10 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 1 25 OK11 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 2 27 OK12 PAST PERFECT TENSE 1 28 OK13 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 1 29 OK14 PASSIVE VOICE 2 31 OK15 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USE OF WH WORDS 4 35 OK16 BE AND HAVE 1 36 OK
2ND PREVIOUS 2 38
10 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: (will-shall; won’t shan’t) 1 25 OK
I will drink Will (shall) I drink? I won’t (shan’t) drink (Yo) no beberéYou will smoke Will you smoke? You won’t smoke (Ud.) no fumaráHe will write Will he write? He won’t write (El) no escribiráShe will sleep Will she sleep? She won’t sleep (Ella) no dormiráIt will eat Will it eat? It won’t eat (El) no comeráWe will play Will (shall) we play? We won’t (shan’t) play (Nos.) no jugaremosYou will study Will you study? You won’t study (Uds.) no estudiaránThey will work Will they work? They won’t work (Ellos) no trabajarán
10B (TEXTS) USING SIMPLE FUTURE TENSEWhat will you plan for your future? Will you be a lawyer or a Technician? Man likes to dream about the future. What will you do if you won a million dollars? What will you do if you were in the United States? Let’s see what our dear students and teachers will do. Let’s know what they and their relatives will do. Margaret: I will buy a new house in Miami and will start a business on hair styling”. My mother will have a full make up. Nancy: “I will travel around the world in a modern ship and my father will go to get a degree at MIT in Boston”. Ralph: “I will go to study medicine in London and my sister Julie will get married and buy a mansion”. George: “I will learn to dive and my cousin will help me at the sea. Mr. and Mrs. Smith: “We will go on our second honey moon to Mexico and will stay at the best hotel downtown, our sons will be having vacations in Argentina. They will meet the best soccer player of Argentina, Maradona.
11 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 2 27 OK
I Have found Have I found? I Haven’t found No he encontrado
You Have drunk Have You drunk? You Haven’t drunk No has bebido
He Has driven Has He driven? He Hasn’t driven No ha conducido
She Has eaten Has She eaten? She Hasn’t eaten No ha comido
It Has fallen Has It fallen? It Hasn’t fallen No se ha caído
We Have fed Have We fed? We Haven’t fed No hemos alimentado
You Have felt Have You felt? You Haven’t felt No han sentido
they have fought have they fought? they haven’t fought No han peleado
11B (TEXTS) USING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I have eaten too much meat lately. What have you drunk with your foods? – I haven’t drunk anything because I prefer dry things for my stomach. -Did you know that Fanny has fed her cat everyday but it isn’t fat, it’s too skinny? -She has fought with her brothers because they hit it at every moment. So she has felt very uncomfortable at home. She hasn’t found a new place for it. Their brothers have forgotten to obey their parents’ orders of respecting each other. They have received the guidance but nothing has changed. Mary has gone to many homes in search of a new home for her pet. As people have seen that it is thin they have said that they are not interested in keeping the pet. Well, tell her that I might have that little cat and that she can go to my house whenever she wishes to. Now she has found a new shelter for it.
12 PAST PERFECT TENSE 1 28 OK
I Had flown Had I flown I Hadn’t flown No había volado
You Had forgot Had You forgot You Hadn’t forgot No habías olvidado
He Had got Had He got He Hadn’t got No había conseguido
She Had given Had She given She Hadn’t given No había dado
It Had gone Had It gone It Hadn’t gone Nohabía ido
We Had grown Had We grown We Hadn’t grown No habíamos crecido
You Had hung Had You hung You Hadn’t hung No habían colgado
they Had had Had they had they Hadn’t had No habían tenido
12B (TEXTS) USING PAST PERFECT TENSEThey said they had forgotten to do their tasks, but I know they had played instead of studying. My father had spoken to them but they didn’t listen to him. I think they had grown up as kids and not as responsible young men. I also knew that they had spent all the money they had received from their mother. Teachers had taught them to be good guys and do what should be done at the right moment and not to spend time or money in nonsense things. Their grandma had sung a beautiful picture of fruit trees on the wall but a little later they had taken it away and had sold it for a few cents. At last when they had gone to the park and had ragged some banks they were caught by a policewoman who took them to the police station. There they said that they had thought the banks were for waste.
13 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 1 29 OK
I WILL HAVE HIT WILL I HAVE HIT? I WON’T HAVE HIT No habré golpeadoYOU WILL HAVE HELD WILL YOU HAVE HELD YOU WON’T HAVE HELD No habrás sotenidoHE WILL HAVE KEPT WILL HE HAVE KEPT HE WON’T HAVE KEPT Nop habrá cuardado
SHE WILL HAVE SEEN WILL SHE HAVE SEEN SHE WON’T HAVE SEEN No habrá vistoIT WILL HAVE LED WILL IT HAVE LED IT WON’T HAVE LED No habrá conducidoWE WILL HAVE LEFT WILL WE HAVE LEFT WE WON’T HAVE LEFT No habremos dejadoYOU WILL HAVE LOST WILL YOU HAVE LOST YOU WON’T HAVE LOST No habrás perdidoTHEY WILL HAVE READ WILL THEY HAVE READ THEY WON’T HAVE READ No habrán leído
13B (TEXTS) USING FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
By the time when I be settled in my new home in Boston and this will be within five years I will have seen many modern plays. I will also have lost weigh, and I will have led an art exposition. I also know that I will have kept many collections of coins and whisky bottles. On the other hand my uncle will have won lots of money with his new invention. My mother will have visited all of our friends in USA. My father will have made sculptures of Indian groups. My sister will have read at least 100 books. And, of course, we all will have met hundreds of artisans, artists and actors. -Can you imagine what I will have done by then?
14 PASSIVE VOICE 2 31 OK
Active voice Passive voiceI am drinking coffee Coffe is drunk by me. El café es tomado por míYou are eating bread Bread is being eaten by you El pan está siendo comido por usted.He is driving a bus A bus is being driven by him Un bus está siendo conducido por élShe was selling a skirt A skirt was being sold by her Una falda estaba siendo vendida por ellaWe were buying shoes Shoes were being bought by us Los zapatos estaban siendo comprados por
nos.They (do) play soccer Soccer is played by them El balonpié es jugado por ellosHe (does) teach Italian Italian is taught by him El Italiano es enseñado por él.She (did) visit the doctor The doctor was visited by her El doctor fue fisitado por ella.You will type letters Letters will be typed by you Las cartas serán digitadas por ustedThey would paint the house The house would be painted by them La casa sería pintada por ellosShe can swim 100 mts. 100 mts can be swum by her Los 100 ms. pueden ser nadados por ellaHe could steal the papers The papers could be stolen by him Los documentos podrían ser robados por élWe may watch the game The game may be watched by us El partido puede ser visto por nosotrosThey might do the homeworks The homeworks might be done by
themLas tareas podrían ser hechas por ellos
I shall repeat the course The course shall be repeated by me El curso será repetido por míThey should brush the metal The metal should be brushed by them El metal debería ser pulido por ellosShe must learn the vocabulary The vocabulary must be learned by her El vocabulario debe ser aprendido por ellaI have brought the books The books have been brought by me Los libros han sido traídos por míShe has written the word The word has been written by her La palabra ha sido escrita por ella.We had seen a policeman A policeman had been seen by us Un policía había sido visto por nosotros
14B (TEXTS) USING PASSIVE VOICE
English is spoken in many countries all around the world. It is used by many businessmen and artists. Negotiations could be done in this language. English is taught in many institutes everywhere. English was brought by English men at the time of the american conquest. The MIT was visited by some teachers. Three famous museums were attended by some elder men. There was a boat race near Logan airport which could be run by anyone.
There was a suspicions man near Boston Bank. The bank has been robbed by some one twice and the policemen think that that man is the responsable of it. The man has been caught by the police many times but nothing has been proved against him. The pictures have been taken by him said some one. His brother appeared and said that his brother was a photographer. The city has been photographed by him, specially the rout of freedom downtown in Boston.The pictures have been seen by many people and they agree that they are wonderful. Art compositions have been digited by a strange photographer.
15 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -USE OF WH WORDS 4 35 OK
General English practice: A] Answer each question. B] Create your own questions and answers
There are “wh” questions and an answer in each group: you can replace the underlined words and have your own questions and answers (There is some help in your language)What do you do?What do you [play]?Where do you [play tennis]?When do you [play tennis at school]?Why do you [play tennis on Sundays]?(I play tennis at school on Sundays because I like this sport)
What does she do?What does she teach?Where does she teach French?When does she teach French at home?Why does she teach French every day?(She teaches French at home every day because she needs money)
What did you do?What did you study?Where did you study English?When did you study English in Europe?Why did you study English last month?(I studied English in Europe last month because I won a scholarship)
What will you do?What will you write?Where will you write letters?When will you write letters in the hall?Why will you write letters every week?(I will write letters in the hall every week because there is no other place to do it.)What can you do?What can you drive?Where can you drive a taxi?
¿Qué haces?¿Qué tocas?¿Dónde juegas tenis?¿Cuándo juegas tenis en el colegio?¿Por qué juegas tenis los domingos?
¿Qué hace ella?¿Qué enseña ella?¿Dónde enseña ella Francés?¿Cuándo enseña ella Francés en casa?¿Por qué ella enseña Francés todos los días?
¿Qué hiciste?¿Qué estudiaste?¿Dónde estudiaste Inglés?¿Cuándo estudiaste Inglés en Europa?¿Por qué estudiaste Inglés el mes pasado?
¿Qué harás?¿Qué escribirás?¿Dónde escribirás cartas?¿Cuándo escribirás cartas en el may?¿Por qué escribirás cartas todas las semanas?
¿Qué puedes hacer?¿Qué puedes conducir?¿Dónde puedes conducir un taxi?
When can you drive a taxi in the city?Why can you drive a taxi on Saturdays?(I can drive a taxi in the city on Saturdays because there isn’t too much traffic)What should he do?What should he visit?Where should he visit a clinic?When should he visit a clinic at Btá?Why should he visit a clinic now?(He should visit a clinic at Bogotá now because he is very sick)What are you doing?What are you preparing?Where are you preparing your tests?When are you preparing your tests?Why are you preparing your tests?(I am preparing my tests at the office in the mornings)What were you doing?What were you drinking?Where were you drinking coffee?When were you drinking coffee?Why were you drinking coffee?(I was drinking coffee at the restaurant yesterday morning because I was tired)
¿Cuándo puedes conducir un taxi en la ciud?¿Por qué puedes conducir un taxi los sábado?
¿Qué debería hacer él?¿Qué debería visitar él?¿Dónde debería el visitar una clínica?¿Cuándo debería visitar una clínica en Btá?¿Por qué él debería visitar una clínica ahora?
¿Qué estás haciendo?¿Qué estás preparando?¿Dónde estás preparando tus exámenes?¿Cuándo está preparando tus exámenes?¿Por qué está preparando tus exámenes?
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your own questions and answers
01) What’s your name?02) Where were you born? 03) How old are you? 04) What’s your address? 05) What’s your phone number? 06) What are your parents’ names? 07) What does your father do?
01) My name is Albert White Johnson. 02) I was born in Cúcuta. 03) I’m 20 years old. 04) It’s 4-30 6th Street. 05) My phone number is 7567503. 06) They are Pete Johnson and Mary White? 07) He works in a factory.
08) What does your mother do? 09) How many brothers and sisters do you have? 10) What do they do? 11) Where do you study? 12) What level are you in? 13) How much do you pay for your study? 14) What subjects do you like best? 15) What subject don’t you like? 16) Which sport(s) do you practice? 17) What are your favorite hobbies? 18) What do you like best?: (reading, writing, or) … 19) Who is your favorite personage? 20) Why do you think English will be for? 21) What would you do if you had ten million bucks? 22) What career are you studying at this institution? 23) How do you define yourself? (quiet, passive, or…) 24) Would you like to be diligent or lazy?. 25) What were you doing last Sunday night?
08) She works at home. She’s a housewife. 09) I have two brothers and one sister. 10) They are studying 11) I study at the university. 12) I’m in the sixth semester. 13) I pay a minimum salary a year. 14) I like Math, English and Communication 15) I don’t like Physics. 16) I practice soccer and basketball. 17) My favorite hobbies are reading and dancing 18) I like swimming 19) My favorite personage is Leonardo D’Avinci. 20) It will be for getting better jobs. 21) If I had $10.000 I would travel around the world 22) I’m studying Systems engineering here. 23) I’m a quiet, well spoken and honest person. 24) I would like to be diligent. 25) I was dancing at a party last Sunday night.
15C QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your own questions.
26) What does the new queen look like? 27) Why did(n’t) you agree with the election? 28) Where will the queen go to next December? 29) What would you tell her if she were here? 30) Why will you need more information? 31) When should we begin to practice English? 32) Where can(n’t) you go on weekends now? 33) Why could(n’t) you travel to Ocaña? 34) Where may I ask you to do it? 35) What might your classmates be doing now?
26) She is the most beautiful and nice girl in the world. 27) I agreed because she has a great personality.28) She will go to her hometown next December. 29) I would tell her that she is lovely and charming. 30) I will need it because I don’t know what to do. 31) We should begin to practice English immediately 32) I can’t go out of town on weekends now. 33) I couldn’t travel to Ocaña because it is dangerous. 34) You may I ask me to do it anywhere. 35) They might be chattering because there is no teacher.
36) Who must teach you how to be polite? 37) Why are the people menaced by the war? 38) What have you been studying these days? 39) Where has your father worked lately? 40) Why had we met in class every week? 41) What is there at this institute next month? 42) Why aren’t there any fruit trees here? 43) Why are you sleepy in the morning? 44) Why are you hungry at midday? 45) Where were you angry at your teachers? 46) How were you after the game? 47) Who is older than you? 48) What do you wear on Sundays? 49) What do you like to do in vacations? 50) What can we do to get the peace?
36) The family must teach us how to be polite. 37) Because it is impossible to make the peace. 38) I have been studying grammar and vocabulary. 39) He has worked at a tile factory lately 40) We had done it because we have to discuss a task. 41) I don’t know. I’m new here 42) There aren’t any fruit trees because they were cut. 43) I’m sleepy because I have to go to study. 44) I’m hungry at midday because I work hard. 45) I was angry at my teachers in the auditorium. 46) I was too thirsty after the game. 47) My sister is older than me. 48) I wear tennis shoes, a flannel, and Bermudas. 49) I like to watch T.V. and visit my friends. 50) We can try to help others to get the peace.
15D QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your own questions.
51) What am I teaching you? 52) Where is Park Victory? 53) Where are the children playing? 54) Why was Montoya out of the run? 55) What were you doing last weekend? 56) Where do women go shopping in Cúcuta? 57) When does a child ask for help? 58) Why did Colombians begin to suffer? 59) What can you do for your country? 60) Where could you learn how to drive? 61) When will vacations take place? 62) Why would people take care on the streets?
51) You are teaching me how to learn by myself. 52) Park Victory is on second Av. and twelfth St. 53) They are playing in the park. 54) Because his car had the motor broken. 55) I was preparing for my tests last weekend. 56) Women go shopping to Ventura Plaza. 57) A child asks for help when he can’t do something 58) Colombians began to suffer a long time ago. 59) I can vote correctly.60) I could learn how to drive at a car school 61) Vacations will take place in June and December. 62) Because streets are dangerous because of the cars.
63) What shall I inform you about English? 64) Where should policemen be at night? 65) When may I ask you to answer this test? 66) Why might all Colombians be together? 67) What do you have to do to pass this test? 68) Where have the teachers had a party? 69) When has the director spoken to the students? 70) Why had they elected a new president? 71) What did you use to do when you were ten? 72) Why isn’t German taught at this institute? 73) Where were trolleys driven in Colombia? 74) When was the vocabulary learned by you? 75) Why were all the games seen on T.V.?
63) You will I inform me on how I can write it well.64) They should be on the dark streets at night 65) You may ask me to answer this test right now. 66) All of them might be together in order to have peace. 67) I have to study hard in order to pass it. 68) They have had a party at their club. 69) He has spoken to the students on Mondays. 70) They had elected him because of the Constitution. 71) I used to play and laugh when I was ten years old. 72) It isn’t taught here because there aren’t teachers. 73) They were driven in Bogotá. 74) The vocabulary was learned by us last week. 75) They were seen on it because of the rain.
15E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS USING “WH” WORDS
Study guide: Pair questions and answers. Practice orally with mates. Give own answers. Create your own questions.
76) Why will it be written in English? 77) Why can’t old stories be told to kids? 78) What could be said after elections? 79) Where had votes been deposited in elections? 80) What thin has been said about politicians? 81) Where had tequila been drunk? 82) Why is there a new president in Colombia? 83) Where were there many problems? 84) When were there too many accidents? 85) How long does a car race last? 86) How much did a new taxi cost in 1970? 87) How many kinds of trees are there in Cúcuta? 88) How far is it from Cúcuta to San Antonio? 89) Which candidate did you like best? 90) Who won the presidency of Colombia?
76) Because it is for English speakers77) Because the television is absorbing them.78) It could be said “most people made a hard election”. 79) They have been deposited in the election boxes. 80) It is said that they look for their interests only.81) It had been drunk in the Mexican pubs. 82) Because the Constitution states the new election. 83) There were only a few problems during elections. 84) There were many accidents last Sunday. 85) A car race lasts about four hours. 86) I cost about two million pesos in 1970. 87) There are 2.000 kinds of trees in Cúcuta. 88) It is about ten kilometers. 89) I liked (NN). 90) (NN) won the presidency of Colombia, 2010-2014.
91) Whose shoes are you wearing now? 92) How do you feel today? 93) What are you looking for? 94) Why have you called me up lately? 95) How about some more study to learn it? 96) What do you think about your classmates? 97) Why have you had your car washed lately? 98) Why has your moher visited the doctor? 99) How many words do you know in English? 100)Why have you got tired of studying English?
91) I’m wearing my own shoes. 92) I feel very well today. 93) I’m looking for a new job. 94) Because I need some information from you. 95) Sure, I’m interested in learning English. 96) I think they are very good people. 97) I have had it washed lately because it was dirty. 98) My mom has visited him because she is been sick. 99) I know (5000) words in English. 100) I have got tired of it because I haven’t had a break.
16 BE AND HAVE 1 36 OK
BE (SER, ESTAR, TENER) HAVE (TENER)I am a farmerSoy un granjero
I have a farmTengo una granja
You are tiredEstás cansado
You have to restTienes que descansar
He/She/It is sickEstá enfermo
He/She/It has feverTiene fiebre
We are musiciansSomos músicos
We have instrumentsTenemos instrumentos
You are shouting(Uds) están gritando
You have to shut up(Uds) tienen que callarse
They are richSon ricos
They have moneyTienen dinero
I am not a farmerNo soy un granjero
I don't have a farmNo tengo una granja
You are not tiredNo estás cansado
You don't have to restNo tienes que descansar
He/She/It is not sickNo está enfermo
He/She/It doesn't have feverno tiene fiebre
We are not musiciansNo somos músicos
We don't have instrumentsNo tenemos instrumentos
You are not shoutingUds no están gritando
You don't have to shut upUds no tienen que callarse
They are not richNo son ricos
They don't have moneyNo tienen dinero
Am I a farmer?¿Soy un granjero?
Do I have a farm?¿Tengo una granja?
Are you tired?¿Estás cansado?
Do you have to rest?¿Tienes que descansar?
Is he/she/it sick?¿Está enfermo/a?
Does he/she/it have fever?¿Tiene fiebre?
Are we musicians?¿Somos músicos?
Do we have instruments?¿Tenemos instrumentos?
Are you shouting? ¿Están (Uds) gritando?
Do you have to shut up?¿Tienen (Uds) que callarse?
Are they rich?¿Son ricos (ellos)?
Do they have money?¿Tienen (ellos) dinero?
MODULO 3 EKT UFPS Students’ guide
ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10
17A. COMPARISONS01 Cali is a beautiful Colombian city.02 Medellin is larger than Cali03 Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia04 Barranquilla is as large as Medellin05 Bucaramanga is a commercial city06 Medellin is more commercial than Bucaramanga07 Bogotá is the most commercial city of them all.08 Medellin is beautiful09 Cali is as beautiful as Medellin10 Barranquilla isn’t as beautiful as Cali.11 Cali isn’t so cool as Medellin.12 It’s [………] It’s […….…] than It’s the [……….]
good better Bestbad worse Worstlittle less leastfar farther farthest
much more mostmany more most
good/well - bueno, bien better - mejor (the) best - el mejorbad/badly - mal worse - peor (the) worst - el peormuch/many - mucho/muchos more - más (the) most - el/los máslittle - poco less - menos (the) least - el menosfar - lejos farther/further - más lejos (the) farthest/furthest - el más lejano
17D. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGEAwake – despierto Asleep - dormido Fat - gordo Thin - flacoBeautiful – hermoso Ugly - feo Full - lleno Empty - vacíoBig - grande Small - pequeño Glad - contento Sad - tristeBitter - amargo Sweet - dulce Good - bueno Bad - maloBlack - negro White - blanco Happy - feliz Sorry - apenadoCareful - cuidadoso Careless - descuidado Hard - duro Soft - blandoDark - oscuro Light - claro Healthy - saludable Sick - enfermoDead - muerto Alive - vivo Heavy - pesado Light - livianoDeep - profundo Shallow - superficial High - alto Low - bajoDifficult - difícil Easy - fácil Hot - caliente Cold - fríoDirty - sucio Clean - limpio Interesting - interesante Boring - aburridoDrunk - borracho Sober - sobrio Late - tarde Early - tempranoExpensive - caro Cheap - barato Long - largo Short - cortoFar - lejano Near - cercano Simple - simple Complex - complejoNew - nuevo Old - viejo Single - soltero Married - casadoOn - encendido Off - apagado Straight - derecho Crooked - torcidoPast - pasado Future - futuro Strong - fuerte Weak - débilPolite - cortés, atento Rude - grosero Tall - alto Short - bajoRich - rico Poor - pobre Thick - grueso Thin - delgadoRight - derecho Left - izquierdo True - verdadero False - falsoRight - correcto Wrong - equivocado Useful - útil Useless - inútilRough - áspero Smooth - suave, liso Warm - cálido Cool - frescoSafe - seguro Dangerous - peligroso Wet - mojado Dry - secoSame - mismo Different - diferente Wide - ancho Narrow - angostoFast - rápido Slow - lento Young - joven Old - viejo
18 ADVERBS 1 41 OKCOMMON ENGLISH ADVERBS
He’s working [.............]
Place: here, there, near, far, far from, inside, out, out of, up, down, ahead, in back of, over, under, behind
Time: I work [...] I worked [...] I will work[...] I’m working[...]
today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, last night, now, before, after, then late, early, soon, always, never, seldom, rarely, frequently, usually, ever, sometimes, often, recently, already, yet, every month, every week, every year, last month, next week, next time, now and then, in an hour, every other day.
Mood He works [...] He worked [...] He will work [...] He’s working [...]
and They were drinking and laughing.but He likes to do everything but study.for He went there for he was thirsty.or Would you like to speak about Lucy or Fanny?nor I’d neither speak about Lucy nor Fanny.so He didn’t call me up, so I called him up.yet We haven’t finished our study yet.
19B. DETERMINANTSthe These are the basic function words in English.a This is a very important exercise.an That is an interesting practice.my Those are my university books.your Where’s your teacher’s signature?his Which are his technical works?her Why is her decision unimportant?its When is its library open?our How are our letters delivered?their How long are their kids going to be here)this This experiment is very hard.that Which structure shows that engineer?these Did you plan these operations?those Could you attend those organizations?each Would each one produce a larger amount? every Does every company build up a bridge?no We have no time to lose.both Have both subjects been studied?some Some people do not like to take trips.any Should any technician be invited to the forum?all All of them like to investigate in their fieldmany Many electricians work in the country.much Do you eat much food at night?few Very few people go to the university in Colombia.several Several nurses teach special programs in Cúcuta.either Don’t forget to take either this map or the other.neither Neither this lawyer nor the other were right.more Shall we need more experiments?most Most people lose lots of time doing nothing.
19C. INTENSIFIERS
very It is very important that you know yourself.quite We were quite tired after such a work.somewhat It is somewhat difficult to be used.rather It is rather easy to learn a language.pretty It could be pretty well understood.mighty They were mighty important for everyone.little Do you feel a little better now?so They have so little time to study that subject.too Life in Cúcuta is too expensive.more We have to get more money for living.most It is the most beautiful place in the world.less Indians and farmers shouldn’t be less important.least Tallness is the least important thing.
enough This climate is good enough for living things.
19D. SUBORDINATES
After You shouldn’t play after lunch.although He came although he didn’t want to.as Does every man speak as he thinks?As if Some people pretend to live as if they were rich.because You are here because you want to succeed.before You have to get money before you plan to go.how Do you know how to speak in French?
if Would you travel if you had money?provided You will get a degree provided you pass the test.
since He hadn’t studied English since he was sixteen.than It is bigger than you think.that The books that he bought weren’t new.
though He got the money, though he didn’t work for it.until Do not leave until you are told to.
what It wasn’t what I told you to do.when They were reading when she arrived.
whenever You can drive it whenever you wish to.where There is where it was done.which This is the university which he preferred.
whereas He’s responsible, whereas his sister isn’t.whichever Select the car whichever you like best.while I was flying while they were sailing.who That is the man who plays the guitar.whoever It isn’t true whoever said so.whom Those are for whom he was working.whose That is the boy whose father won a lottery.
19E. SENTENCE CONNECTORS
therefore They went to the movies; therefore, John couldn’t see them.accordingly It was locked. They, accordingly, with it left at once.also Gasoline was increased. They also increased all other
prices.at least It’s difficult to be obtained. At least we must get one.besides He doesn’t come on time, besides, he forgets everything.consequently He was a bad employee, consequently, he was fired.for example It is easy to be understood if, for example, you speak
slowly.furthermore They couldn’t paint the wall and, furthermore, they
shouldn’t.hence The computer was out of order; hence, the answers were
wrong.however He was a tennis player; however, he couldn’t play table
tennis.
indeed They were in the farm, indeed, they forced to work therein addition They lost a lot of money, in addition to it, there was an
accident.in fact They were published. They were, in fact, very good.moreover She is a fast typist, moreover, she is diligent.nevertheless The tests were given; nevertheless, nobody answered
them.then They were stated, and then they could take right decisions.thus It was settled so, thus, no one can change it.
19F. INTERROGATIVE WORDS
what What is the importance of the university?where Where was the meeting taking place?when When is the party going to be over?why Why would you like to go there?How How could you do it again?which Which career do you like best?whose Whose house are you going to buy?who(m) Who(m) did you visit yesterday?who Who visited you?
20 PREPOSITIONS 3 46 OK
about Acerca de This guide is about English structures.above Por encima de The university is above high school.across A través de We walked across the International Bridge.
after Después de Study one word after another.against Contra Prepare yourself against any adversity.
along A lo largo de Be yourself along your pass over this planetamong En medio de There are many thinkers among Colombiansaround Alrededor de Let’s take a trip around our country.
at En We are at the university.
before Antes Make plans before you start anything.behind Detrás de You can’t stay behind others, go ahead.below Por debajo de The temperature in Cúcuta isn’t below 30°C.
beneath Por debajo de Your words must not be beneath your thought.beside Al lado de The Erasmos Meoz Hospital is beside the I.S.S.
besides Además de Did you study another career besides this one?between Entre La Don Juana is between Cúcuta and Pamplona
beyond Más allá de Is the moon beyond man’s reach now?by Por Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare.
despite A pesar de You will learn English despite its problems.down Abajo Let’s go down the river.
during Durante Have a break during your work
for Por, para You should be learning for yourselffrom De, desde Where are you from?
in En, dentro de Business used to be the main occupation here.inside Dentro de Have you ever been inside a theater for plays?
into Dentro de Change your sorrows into happiness by workinglike Como Life is like a chess game, isn’t it?
near Cerca de There is a hospital near U.F.P.S.of De We all are part of the education system.
off Fuera In december you are off your studies and work.on En St. Joseph Cathedral is on fifth avenue.
onto Sobre The seed were spread onto the dessert.over Por encima de Jets fly over this beautiful city Cúcuta.
since Desde U.F.P.S. has been functioning since 1962.through A través de UFPS has grown through the work of people.
throughout En todo It is well known throughout the country.till-until Hasta Read carefully till (until) you understand.toward Hacia You are going toward a better future.
under Debajo de Your percentage can’t be under 64%up Arriva Climb up any stairs, step by step.
upon Sobre Don’t climb upon the clouds of your dreams.with Con Do you live in peace with yourself?
within Dentro de San Antonio is within 10 kms from Cúcuta.without sin You cannot go ahead without others.
21 DO/MAKE 1 47 OK
21A. DO/MAKE Mrs. Jones is a housewife - La señora Jones es una ama de casa
She has to do the houseworkElla tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa
She has to make the bedsElla tiene que hacer las camas
She has to do the cookingElla tiene que cocinar
She has to make breakfastElla tiene que hacer el desayuno
She has to do the washing upElla tiene que fregar los platos
She has to make lunchElla tiene que hacer el almuerzo
She has to do the washing/the laundryElla tiene que lavar la ropa sucia
She has to make dinnerElla tiene que hacer la cena
She has to do the shoppingElla tiene que hacer las compras
She has to make coffee/teaElla tiene que hacer café/té
She has to do the ironingElla tiene que planchar la ropa
She has to make a cakeElla tiene que hacer un torta
She has to do the dustingElla tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas
She has to make sure that the house is in orderElla tiene que asegurarse que la casa esté en orden
21B. DO/MAKE Mr. Jones is a businessman - El señor Jones es un empresario
He is doing business with important companiesÉl está haciendo negocios con firmas importantes
He would like to make a long trip/journeyLe gustaría hacer un largo viaje
He is doing well in his jobVa bien en su trabajo
His employees make fun of himSus empleados se burlan de él
He does his best to improve his companyHace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresa
He has to make a speech for a meeting Tiene que hacer un discurso para una reunión
He is making a lot of moneyEstá haciendo un montón de dinero
His secretary makes appointments for himSu secretaria arregla citas para él
He is making a fortuneEstá haciendo una fortuna
She also makes telephone calls and reservationsTambién hace llamadas telefónicas y reservas
He doesn't like to make mistakesNo le gusta equivocarse
He says that his employees make troubleÉl dice que sus empleados causan problemas
Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes wrongAlgunas veces arma un lío cuando algo sale mal
He also says that women make a lot of noiseTambién dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido
He rarely makes jokes Casi nunca hace chistes
He often makes a fool of himselfA menudo se pone en ridículo
He doesn't have much time to make friendsNo tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos
He makes use of his authority to threaten peopleUtiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas
He is making an effort to increase salesEstá haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventas
Some of his decisions don't make senseAlgunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido
21C DO/MAKE other examples
John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well)John no va bien en la escuela He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tareaThe hurricane did a lot of damage in the areaEl huracán causó mucho daño en la zonaThe policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thiefEl policía estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrestó al ladrónMary did her hair and her face and left for the partyMary se peinó, se maquilló y salió para la fiesta"Can you do me a favor ?" - ¿Me puedes hacer un favor?"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotelThe man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their carEl hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su autoJohnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuartoBill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigió a la universidadJane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculpó y se marchó"What are you doing here?" - ¿Qué estás haciendo aquí?
22 MODAL VERBS (helping verbs with another verb)
2 49 OK
MODALS (A) USO Ejemplos Traducción y explicación
Expresarhabilidad
She can read in FrenchShe could read when she was fourShe was able to read French stories
Ella lee en FrancésElla sabía leer cuando tenía cuatro añosElla podía leer cuentos en Francés
Pedir y darPermiso
Can I go out, teacher?Could you turn on the T.V.?You may leave now
Preguntar Can you erase the board, please?Could you erase the board, please?
Puede borrar el tablero (Poco cortés)Podrías borrar el tablero (Más cortés)
ExpresarNecesidad
You have to go to bed nowYou have got to go to bed now.He had to go to bed earlyYou must go to bed nowYou must run or you’ll be late
Debes irte a dormirTienes que irte a dormirTuvo que acostarse tempranoDebes acostarte yaDebes apresurarte o llegarás tarde(con poder sobre otro=must)
Expresarcarencia
You don’t have to leave until 8:00She didn’t have to write letters
No tienes que irte sino hasta las 8:00Ella no tuvo que escribir cartas.
Darconsejo
You should study every day.You ought to study every dayHe shouldn’t have brought thatHe ought not to have brought that.
Deberías estudiar todos los díasTu tienes que estudiar todos los días.El no debería haber traído eso.El no tenía que haber traído eso.(Se usan para acciones (in/correctas)
DarOrdenes
You mustn’t smoke so much. You must take care of your healthYou are not to be outYou are to be here
No debes fumar tanto.Debes cuidar tu salud.No debes estar afuera.Debes estar aquí
Expresarcertidumbre
E imposibilidad
He has played all day. He must be tiredHe has not played. He can’t be tired.She is not at school. She must have gone home.
El ha jugado todo el día. Debe estar cansado.El no ha jugado. No puede estar cansado.Ella no esta en el colegio. Debe haberse ido a casa.Must y can’t son opuestos en significado.
Hablando delFuturo
It will rain tonight. I shall invite you when we have made some money
Lloverá esta anoche.Te invitaré cuando hayamos ganado más dinero.(Will es más común que shall. Shall es usado familiarmente solo con (I y WE)
ExpresarPosibilidad
It may rain tonightIt might rain tonight
Puede que llueva esta noche. (+)Podría llover esta noche. (-)
Hablar delpasado
I used to play pebbles when I was a boy.We would rarely stay out at night
Yo jugaba canicas cuando era niño.Rara vez estaríamos afuera de noche
MODALS (B) (not) --- (n’t) Preguntas Describiendo lo que alguien dijo
Can He can not speak GermanHe can’t speak German
Can he speak German? He said he could speak German
Could I couldn’t swimwhen I was a little girl
Could you swimWhen you were a little girl?
She said she could swim when she was a little girl
May You may not go to the river today.
May I go to the river? I said you may not go
Might We might not be at home Where might they be? They said they might stay at the hotel.
Shall We shall not work on Saturday
Shall we go to work on Saturday?
He said we should go to the park on Saturday.
Must They must not walk Must they walk now? She said they must walk now.
Have to You don’t have to study Do you have to study? I said you have to study
Are to You aren’t to leave your work
Are you to leave your work?
He said they were to leave their work
Should He should visit the doctor Should he visit the doctor? I said you should visit the doctor.
Ought to You ought not to teach there.
Ought you to teach there? They said you ought to teach there
Will It won’t be a sunny day Will it a sunny day? I said it wouldn’t be a sunny day
Used to I didn’t use to smoke at the office
Did you use to smoke at the office?
She said she used to smoke at home.
Would I would not come back tomorrow
Would you come back tomorrow?
He said I wouldn’t come back tomorrow
23 CONDITIONAL 2 51 OK
Type I Present Will / can / may / must + V1If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañanaIf I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tardeIf it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playaIf it is cold, you must wear warm clothes Si está frío, debes usar ropa abrigada
Type II Past Would / could / might + V1If I were in Brazil, I would go to Río de Janeiro Si yo estuviese en Brasil, iría a Río de JaneiroIf I were you, I would buy that car Si yo fuera vos, compraría ese autoIf he were in my place, he wouldn't do this Si él estuviese en mi lugar, no haría estoIf I had more money, I would buy a nice appartment
Si yo tuviese más dinero, me compraría un lindo apartamento
Type III Past Perfect Would / could / might + have V3If I had seen him, I would have told him about you Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de tiIf I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand
Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi mano
If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her
Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto
If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time
Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían llegado a tiempo
Habitual Present PresentIf I have time, I usually go to the movies Si tengo tiempo, generalmente voy al cineIf she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy Si ella come hamburguesas, le da alergia.If they come here, they always bring a present Si ellos vienen aquí, siempre traen un regaloIf she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent Si ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio
Imperative Present ImperativeIf they are busy, don't disturb them Si ellos están ocupados, no los molestesIf it is raining, please bring me my umbrella Si está lloviendo, por favor, traéme mi paraguasIf she phones, don't tell her I was here Si ella llama, no le digas que estuve aquíIf you don't want to go, don't go Si no querés ir, no vayas
24 PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS) 3 54 OK
24A. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE(Meanings can change)
Above all por encima de todo Get in entrarAs to con respecto a Get lost perderseAs usual como de costumbre Get off bajarse de (bus)As yet todavía Get on subirse a (bus)At all del todo Get out salirAt first al comienzo Get over terminarAt last al final Get ready estar listoAt least por lo menos Get rid of deshacerseAt once inmediatamente Get through terminarAt times a veces Get together reunirseBe up hallarse Get up levantarseBe used up estar desgastado Get used to solerBlow up explotar Give away regalarBreak down romper Give in cederBreak off interrumpir Give out repartirBring about ocurrir Give place dar lugarBring out producir Give up darse por vencidoCall for solicitar Go on continuarCall off cancelar Go wrong equivocarseCall up telefonear Hand in entregarCheck up revisar Have got conseguirCome about ocurrir Have in hand tener a manoCome away desprenderse Have on tenerCome back regresr Right away inmediatamentCome in siga I had a suit made. tenia un trajeCome on vamos I have a suit made. tengo un trajeCross out tachar I have to go tengo que ir
Cut off cortar In a hurry de prisaCut out eliminar In time a tiempoDo over hacer It’s cold. hace frioFall through fracasar It’s early es tempranoFind out hallar It’s hot. hace calorFor good para siempre It’s late. es tardeGet along llevarsela bien It’s one o’clock la una en puntoGet back regresar It’s up to you depende de ud.
24B. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE(Meanings can change)
Keep back retener Right away inmediatamenteKeep in mind tener en mente See about verKeep on seguir Set forth exponerKeep out mantenerse afuera So far hasta la presenteKeep out of prohibir entrada Take a walk caminarLook for buscar Take advantage tomar ventajaLook into examinar Take after parecerse aLook over revisar Take apart separarLook up mejorar Take care of cuidarMake clear aclarar Take off quitarseMake good cumplir Take on asumirMake out distiinguir Take out sacarMake up hacer Take over ocuparMake up your mind haga su voluntad Take part participarMix up mesclar Take part in participarNow and again una y otra vez Take place tener lugarNow and then de vez en cuando Take turns turnarseOff and on de vez en cuando Take up tomarOn purpose a propósito Take up with llevarsela conOn the whole del todo Talk over discutirOn time a tiempo There are hayOnce in a while de vez en cuando There is hayOut of order fuera de uso There was habíaOver and over una y otra vez There were habíaPick out seleccionar Throw away botarPick up recoger Throw out sacarPoint out señalar Time is over se acabo el tiempoPut away botar Time is up se acabo el tiempoPut off cancelar To be (x) years old. tener (x) añosPut off apagar To be angry. estar enojado
Put on ponerse To be hungry tener hambrePut out apagar To be over acabarPut together reunir To be thirsty tener sedPut up terminar Try on probarseQuite a few unos pocos Turn off apagarWear out desgastar Up to date hasta la presente
24C. (TEXTS) USING SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change)
The use of phrasal verbs (or idioms) (or two or more word verbs) is above all a very common way of expressing in English. The idioms have different meanins. You can say “Please take off your hat” or “The plane can’t take off because of the rain”. In the first case it referes to uncover the head and the second one about a plane that can’t start its flight. At first it is a little difficult but with at least a couple of hours of practice you will be ready to use them properly. I think you are getting ready for this practice. I advice you not to break down your studies easily. If you give up you won’t learn a lot. Don’t be afraid of going wrong, nobody is perfect. If you have a list of words or sentences for study you can cross out those you are understanding.Any how it’s up to you to learn. You got to get along well with your mates. You have to be in time for your practices. Don’t say it’s too hot or it’s too cold for not doing what you should do. Keep in mind the importance of getting the knowledges in grammar competences. If there are words you don´t know you better look for them in a good dictionary. You can make up many things if you have the decision for it. Make up your mind but don’t offend any one. Remember that your rights end where those of your neighbor begins.
On purpose, you should practice more hours at home by yourself, take part in the role of playing dramas with your classmates and friends. You should take up with every one, that is a good rule of politeness. Point out the significance of knowing a second language. Don’t put out the flame of you interest, put on the suit of hard work.What things do you do in a common day? You wake up at five in the morning, then yo get up and go to take a shower. You brush your teeth, and then you get dressed. Go down the stairs to the dining room and have breakfast in a hurry because you´re late and have to get on a bus to go to your work. Near your office you get off the bus and walk in a hurry to your office. There you sit down at your desk and jot down the objectives of the day. You call up your secretay and ask her to digit some letters and have them sent by mail as soon as possible. You are working hard the entire morning and by midday you are to come back home for eating and resting. You get home and take off your clothes, watch news on T.V. and go to the dining room for having lunch. Before two in the afternoon you go back to your work to finish the journey. At the office you pick up the correspondence and read it all. Put apart the important ones and throw away the others. By five in the afternoon you have a break and go to the self-service restaurant for having some tea or cold drink. Buy the newspaper and read the profit-making news bulletin.
It doesn't matter by if you haven’t understood yet this practice. Never mind, you will be able to get it. Of course! You have to work hard or you are wrong with your decitions. Don’t forget to check in and out your activities in the schedule. You are heading for abetter comprehension of this language. Do you mind if I open
up your spirit for working? If you don't care for any of these experiences you won´t go ahead. Hold on! Don't hang up the interest of your imagination. If you've got a terrible headache you should have a break and have a pill.
TIME: Clock, hour hand, minute hand, face, watch, o’clock, 9 to 10 , nine five, five past nine; Morning, afternoon, midday, midnight, night, quarter, half, noon, [3:45] what time is it? (It’s three forty five) (It’s a quarter to four) Now, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, last month, next year, last weekend, on Sunday, in the winter, in December, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow; Frequency: ever, never, always, seldom, rarely, usually; Weather: (Freezing, cold, temperate, hot); winter, autumn, spring, summer
PLACES: at home, in the office, at the restaurant, at the hotel, in the hospital, in the garage, at the university, at the drugstore, in the supermarket, at the mall, in the church, at the cinema, at the theater, in the parking place, at the bus station, at the airport, at the bus terminal, downtown, in the swimming pool, in the river, in the library, in the room, in the classroom, in the school coliseum, in the kitchen, in the living room, in the bathroom, in the bedroom, in the yard, in the patio, in the kitchen, on the street, in the avenue, in the park.
Months; January, February, March, June, July, August, September, October, November, December; Holidays: 1st of May (Labor day), 25th of December (Christmas day), 1st of November (All saints day), 20th of July (Independence day), 12th of October (Discovery of America), 7th of August (Boyaca’s battle), 6th of January (Kings day), April (Holly week)
GEOGRAPHY DESCRIPTIONS: Forest, lake, meadow, mountain, valley, waterfall, rapids, hill, field, stream, pond, plateau, cliff, canyon, river, dam, desert, dune, jungle, seashore, bay, ocean, island, road, street, avenue, diagonal, gulf, map, globe, atlas, state, city, town, village, peak, snow crested, oasis, sea, ocean,
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY: America, south America, Europe, north America, Asia, Africa, England, United States, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Canada, Japan, China, India,
RELATIVES (family): Great grand father (mother), grand father(mother), father, mother, brother, grand (children/son/daughter/), sister, uncle, aunt, son, daughter, cousin, nephew, husband, wife, father/mother/son/daughter-in-law
FUNCTION WORDS: a, about, above, according to, across, after, again, against, ago, all, along, although, among, an, and, another, any, around, as, at, back, because, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, both, but, by, down, during, each, either, else, enough, even,. Ever, every, few, from, further, he, her, here, him, his, how, however, I, if, in, indeed, instead, into, it, its, just, last, late, least, less, many, e, mine, more, most, much, my, near, neither, never, no, none, nor, not, nothing, now, oh, or, other, our, quite, rather, same, several, she, since, so, some, still, such, sudden, than, that, the, their, them, then, there, therefore, these, they, this, those, though, through, till, together, too, toward, until, us, usual, very, we, what, when, where, whether, which, while, who, whole, whom, whose, why, with, within, without, you, your, far, well, yes, yet, hello, except, for, of, off, on, out, outside, over, to, under, up, upon, own,
PRONOUNS: I, you, he she, it, we, you, they; me, you, him her, it, us, you, them; mine, yours, his hers, Its, ours, yours, theirs; myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [a]
English Español
Good morning Buen día, buenos díasGood afternoon Buenas tardesGood evening Buenas noches (saludar)Good night Buenas noches (al despedirse)Good bye ChauSo long! Hasta luego!Hi (Hello)! Hola!How are you? ¿Cómo estás?How are you doing? ¿Cómo te va?I am well (fine), thank you Estoy bien, graciasWhere are you from? ¿De dónde es Ud?What do you do? ¿Qué hace Ud? ¿A qué se dedica?Do you speak Spanish? ¿Habla Ud español?What's your name? ¿Cuál es su nombre? ¿Cómo se llama Ud?It doesn't matter No importaNever mind No importaCongratulations! ¡Felicitaciones!May I introduce myself? ¿Puedo presentarme?Thank you. -You are welcome Gracias. -De nadaExcuse me, please Disculpe, por favorI am sorry Lo sientoReally? ¿En serio? Of course! ¡Por supuesto!Sure SeguroThat's too bad ¡Qué lástima!What happened? ¿Qué pasó?What does that mean? ¿Qué significa eso?You are right Ud. tiene razónYou are wrong Ud. está equivocadoI guess so Creo que síI don't think so Creo que noI want a one-way (round-trip) ticket to Dallas Quiero un boleto de ida (de ida y vuelta) a DallasI would like to reserve a flight for Chicago Quisiera reservar un vuelo a ChicagoWhen should I confim the flight ? ¿Cuándo debería confirmar el vuelo?Is it a direct flight? ¿Es un vuelo directo?Is there a stopover? ¿Hay una escala?When does the plane leave (arrive)? ¿Cuándo sale (llega) el avión?Do I have to change planes? ¿Tengo que cambiar aviones?How long before the flight must I check in? ¿Cuánto tiempo antes del vuelo debo registrarme?To the airport, please Al aeropuerto, por favor.Which gate must I go to? ¿A qué puerta debo ir?What's my flight number? ¿Cuál es el número de mi vuelo?Is the plane delayed (on time)? ¿Está demorado (en tiempo) el avión?Look at the timetable Mire el horario de vuelosDo you have your boarding pass? ¿Tiene Ud. su pase de abordar?Where is my seat (baggage)? ¿Dónde está mi asiento (equipaje)?Fasten your belts please! Abróchense los cinturones, por favor!The plane is landing (taking off) El avión está aterrizando (despegando)I have nothing to declare No tengo nada que declarar
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [b]
Is it necessary to make a reservation? ¿Es necesario hacer una reserva?
Do you have any rooms available? ¿Tiene Ud. habitaciones disponibles?What's the daily (weekly) rate? ¿Cuál es la tarifa diaria (semanal)?Is there air conditioning (heating) in the room? ¿Hay aire acondicionado (calefección) en la habitación?I would like a single (double) room Quisiera un cuarto sencillo (cama doble)I'd like a room with twin beds Quisiera un cuarto con camas gemelasIs breakfast included in the price? ¿El desayuno está incluído en el precio?Where can I park my car? ¿Donde puedo estacionar mi auto?Could I see the room? ¿Podría ver la habitación?OK, I'll take it OK. La tomaréMy room key please La llave de mi cuarto, por favorThis room is too small (noisy/dark) La habitación es demasiado pequeña (ruidosa, oscura)Could you wake me up at 7 a.m.? ¿Podría despertarme a las 7 de la mañana?Where can I leave my valuables? ¿Dónde puedo dejar mis objetos de valor?What time do I have to check out? ¿A qué hora tengo que irme del hotel?Can I pay with traveler's checks (credit c.)? ¿Puedo pagar con cheques de viajero (tarjeta de crédito)Could she bring some towels up to my room? ¿Podría ella traer algunas toallas a mi cuarto?Is there a laundry (dry-cleaning) service? ¿Hay un servicio de lavandería (tintorería)?I’d like to make a reservation for this evening Quisiera hacer una reserva para esta nocheI would like a table near the window Quisiera una mesa cerca de la ventanaCould you call the waiter (waitress) please? ¿Podría llamar al camarero (camarera) por favor?Could you bring me the menu, please? ¿Podría traerme el menú, por favor?Where are the rest rooms? ¿Donde están los baños?I would like to order now Quisiera ordenar ahoraWhat do you recommend? ¿Qué recomienda Ud?May I have a bottle of wine (beer, soda)? ¿Podría traerme una botella de vino (cerveza, gaseosa)?Excuse me, I have no spoon (knife,fork) Disculpe. No tengo cuchara (cuchillo, tenedor)These napkins are dirty Las servilletas están suciasMay you bring more rolls (toasts) please? ¿Podría traerme más panecillos (tostadas) por favor?I'll have a steak with French fries Comeré un bife con papas fritasWould you like anything to drink? ¿Desea Ud. algo para tomar?What kind of desserts do you have? ¿Qué clase de postres tienen?Waiter, the check please Camarero, la cuenta por favorCan we pay separately? ¿Podemos pagar separadamente?Thank you. Keep the change Gracias. Guárdese el cambioHow much is the round-trip (one-way) ticket? ¿Cuánto cuesta un boleto de ida y vuelta (de ida)?What's the fare to Chicago? ¿Cuánto cuesta el boleto a Chicago?What time does the bus (train) leave (arrive)? ¿A qué hora sale (llega) el autobús (tren)?From what platform does the (bus) leave? ¿De qué plataforma sale el (bus) ?How long does it take from here to Chicago? ¿Cuánto tiempo toma desde aquí hasta Chicago?Is this the bus to New York? ¿És este el autobús a New York?Will I have to change buses (trains)? ¿Tendré que cambiar autobuses (trenes)?Could you show me the schedule please? ¿Podría mostrarme el itinerario, por favor?Is the bus (train) delayed (on schedule)? ¿Está el autobús (tren) retrasado (en tiempo)?Can I buy a map here? ¿Puedo comprar un mapa aquí?I missed the bus (train) Perdí el autobús (tren)Excuse me, but you are sitting in my seat Disculpe, pero Ud. está sentado en mi asientoWhere are you heading for? ¿Hacia dónde se está dirigiendo Ud.?Must we change buses at this terminal? ¿Debemos cambiar de bus en esta terminal?How long does the bus (train) stop here? ¿Cuánto tiempo se detiene el bus (tren) aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [c]
What's the next stop? ¿Cuál es la próxima parada?How many more stops before we arrive? ¿Cuántas paradas más antes de que lleguemos?I can't find my baggage! It is missing No puedo encontrar mi equipaje! Está faltando
Do I have to get off here? ¿Tengo que bajarme aquí?Is there a bus stop around here? ¿Hay una parada de autobús por aquí?Where can I get a taxi (cab)? ¿Dónde puedo conseguir un taxi?Is there a subway entrance nearby? ¿Hay alguna entrada al subterráneo por aquí cerca?How often do the buses run? ¿Con qué frecuencia pasan los autobuses?I think every 10 minutes Creo que cada 10 minutosI need to take the subway (a bus, a taxi-cab) Necesito tomar el subterráneo (un autobús, un taxi)How much is the bus fare? ¿Cuánto está el precio del boleto del bus?Can you give me a transfer please? ¿Podría darme un pase para transbordar, por favor?How many passengers can you take in this cab? ¿Cuántos pasajeros puede llevar en este taxi?I want to go to... Quiero ir a...Please take me to... Por favor, lléveme a...I need to get to the airport as quick as possible Necesito llegar al aeropuerto lo antes posibleCould you drive faster please? ¿Podría conducir más rápido por favor?Do you mind if I open the window? ¿Le importa si abro la ventanilla?I get off here Me bajo aquíWhat is the next stop? ¿Cuál es la próxima parada?How much is it? ¿Cuánto es?Thanks. Keep the change Gracias. Guarde el cambioWhere is the nearest shopping center (supermarket)?
¿Dónde queda el shopping center (supermercado) más cercano?
How do I get there? ¿Cómo llego hasta allí?What time does the market open (close)? ¿A qué hora abre (cierra) el mercado?Where is the men's (ladies') clothing department?
¿Dónde queda el departamento de ropa de hombres (de mujeres)?
(Furniture/ baggage/ footware/ cosmetics/ lingerie) department
Departamento de (muebles, equipaje, calzados, cosméticos, lencería)
Take the elevator to the third floor Tome la el ascensor al tercer pisoI want to buy a gift for my girlfriend Quiero comprar un regalo para mi noviaHow much is this article? ¿Cuánto cuesta este artículo?Ask the saleswoman (salesman) Pregúntele a la vendedora (vendedor)How much is it? ¿Cuánto es?How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta?How much do you charge for this? ¿Cuánto cobran por esto?This is too expensive. Don't you have something cheaper?
Esto es demasiado caro. ¿No tiene algo más barato?
Could you show me a bigger (smaller/nicer) one? ¿Podría mostrarme uno más grande (más pequeño/ más lindo)?
May I try this dress on? ¿Podría probarme este vestido?Where are the trying rooms? ¿Dónde están los probadores?This doesn't fit me. I want a bigger one Este no me queda. Quiero uno más grandeAre these articles on sale ? ¿Estos artículos están en oferta?I don't care for any of these No me gusta ninguno de estosPlease, can you wrap it up? Por favor. ¿Puede envolverlo?Can I pay by credit card? ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?Is there a post office nearby? ¿Hay una oficina postal cerca de aquí?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [d]
What time does it open? ¿A qué hora abre?I need some stamps for this letter Necesito algunas estampillas para esta cartaIs there any mail for me? ¿Hay alguna correspondencia para mí?I want to send it via air-mail please Quiero enviarla por correo aéreo, por favor
Could you weigh this package for me please? ¿Podría Ud. pesarme este paquete por favor?How long does it take to get to Argentina? ¿Cuánto tiempo tarda en llegar a Argentina?Where is the mailbox? ¿Dónde está el buzón?I don't know the Zip-Code of this city No sé el código postal de esta ciudadI want to register these letters Quiero certificar estas cartasCan I send a money order from here? ¿Puedo enviar un giro postal desde aquí?Can you help me fill out this form please? ¿Puede Ud ayudarme a rellenar este formulario por favor?Where can I buy envelopes? ¿Dónde puedo comprar sobres para cartas?How can I send this the quickest? ¿Cómo puedo enviar esto, lo más rápido posible?Operator, I wish to make a long distance call. Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada de larga distanciaOperator, I wish to make a collect call. Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada por cobrarI'd like to speak to Mr. Simpson please. Quisiera hablar con el señor Simpson por favorCould you speak louder please? ¿Podría Ud. hablar más fuerte por favor?Could you speak more slowly please? ¿Podría Ud. hablar más lento por favor?Could you spell that for me please? ¿Podría deletrearme eso por favor?Could you call back later please? ¿Podría Ud. llamar de nuevo más tarde por favor?Could I leave a message? ¿Podría dejar un mensaje?I need a phone directory Necesito una guía de teléfonosI need to know the area-code for Miami Necesito saber el código de área de MiamiWhere can I find a pay phone? ¿Dónde puedo encontrar un teléfono público?Hold on! Don't hang up! ¡Aguarde! ¡No corte!Who is calling? ¿Quién está llamando?Wrong number Número equivocadoThe line is busy La línea está ocupadaYou must dial this number... Ud. debe marcar este número...I would like to make an appointment to see the doctor
Quisiera un turno para ver al doctor
I am not feeling well No me estoy sintiendo bienI am feeling very sick (ill) Me estoy sintiendo muy enfermoWhat are the symptoms? ¿Cuáles son los síntomas?I've got a terrible (earache, stomach ache, headache, toothache)
Tengo un terrible dolor (de oído, de estómago, de cabeza, de muelas)
I've got a terrible (flu, cold, cough) Tengo una terrible (gripe, resfriado, tos)I've got a broken (fractured ) arm (leg) Tengo un brazo (pierna) rota (fracturada)My whole body hurts Me duele todo mi cuerpoI have a pain in my back (chest) Tengo un dolor en mi espalda (pecho)I have been feeling dizzy and sweating a lot Me he estado sintiendo mareado y sudando muchoI will check your blood pressure Revisaré su presión sanguíneaI have chills (nausea, diarrhea, fever, allergy) Tengo escalofríos (náuseas, diarrea, fiebre, alergia)I have a burn (a cut, an insect bite) Tengo una quemadura (un corte, una picadura de insecto)Is it serious? ¿Es grave?Must I follow a diet? ¿Debo seguir una dieta?Must I stay in bed? ¿Debo quedarme en cama?Will you give me a prescription? ¿Me dará una receta para la farmacia?
25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [e]
What medicine should I take? ¿Qué remedio debo tomar?May I help you? ¿Puedo ayudarlo?I would like something for a sunburn (a sore throat, a cold, a fever, an indigestion, a constipation, a headache)
Quisiera algo para una quemadura (un dolor de garganta, un resfriado, fiebre, una indigestión, una gripa, un dolor de cabeza)
Could I have some sleeping pills? ¿Me podría dar pastillas para dormir?
May I have a bottle of vitamin C? ¿Me podría dar una botella de vitamina C?I would like some aspirins and a laxative Quisiera algunas aspirinas y un laxanteDo you want a large or small bottle (package, box, tube)?
¿Quiere Ud. un frasco (paquete, caja, pomo) grande o chico?
I want a tube of shaving cream (toothpaste) please
Quiero un tubo de crema de afeitar (dentífrico) por favor
I would like a box of cough drops Quisiera una cajita de pastillas para la tosI'd like a box of condoms Quisiera una cajita de condonesHere you are. That'll be $12.50 Aquí tiene Ud. Son $12.50Where is the nearest bank? ¿Dónde queda el banco más cercano?Where can I find an ATM? ¿Dónde puedo encontrar un cajero electrónico?Can I cash these traveler's checks here? ¿Puedo cobrar aquí estos cheques de viajero?Can I cash personal checks here? ¿Puedo cobrar aquí cheques personales?I would like to open up a current account Quisiera abrir una cuenta corrienteCould you give me some change? ¿Me podría dar algo de cambio?I need some coins (small bills) Necesito algunas monedas (billetes chicos)I want to withdraw (deposit) some money Quiero retirar (depositar) algo de dineroHow much is the rate of exchange? ¿Cuál es el tipo de cambio?Do I have to endorse (sign) this check? ¿Tengo que endosar (firmar) este cheque?I need to make a bank draft Necesito hacer un giro bancarioI would like to send money to Argentina Quisiera enviar dinero a ArgentinaWhich window should I go to? ¿A qué ventanilla debería ir?Do you have some painkillers? ¿Tiene algunos calmantes?Do I need a prescription for this medicine? ¿Necesito una receta médica para este remedio?I need a bandage, alcohol and iodine please Necesito un vendaje, alcohol y yodo, por favorI would like to apply for a loan Quisiera solicitar un préstamoWhat are the interest rates? ¿Cuáles son las tasas de interés?Where can I get an entertainment guide of this city?
¿Dónde puedo obtener una guía de entretenimientos de esta ciudad?
Where is the ticket-office? ¿Dónde está la oficina de boletería?Are there any seats left? ¿Quedan asientos?I want two tickets please Quiero dos boletos, por favorDo we have to wait in line to buy the tickets? ¿Tenemos que hacer cola para comprar los boletos?Where are our seats? ¿Dónde están nuestros asientos?Must we tip the usher? ¿Debemos dar propina al acomodador?Which orchestra (band) is playing? ¿Qué orquesta (banda) está tocando?What's on at the movies tonight? ¿Qué hay en el cine esta noche?What time does the (show) (start)? ¿A qué hora (comienza) (el espectáculo)?How long does it last? ¿Cuánto tiempo dura?What kind of film is it? ¿Qué clase de película es?It is a horror (science fiction, war) film Es una película de terror (de ciencia ficción, de guerra)It is a thriller (western, cartoon, comedy, musical)
Es una película de acción (una del oeste, una de dibujos animados, una comedia, un musical)
What is it about? ¿De qué se trata?The plot (script) is very good La trama (el guión) es muy buenoWho is the main actor (actress)? ¿Quién es el actor (actriz) principal?
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE[a]Is this an [umbrella]?Is that a [long ruler]?Are these [green windows]?Are those [cheap apples]?Is it an [ugly dog]?Is it a [main door]?
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Esta es una sombrillaEsa es una regla largaEstas son ventanas verdesAquellas son manzanas baratasEs un perro feoEs una puerta principal
Are they the [old notebooks]?Is there a [paper on the desk]?Are there [two red pens on the floor]?Was there a [new pencil in the drawer?Were there [three machines there]?Will there be a [teacher at home]?Could there be a [doctor at the office]?Are you [drinking] your [coffee]?Is he [painting] his [house]?Am I [doing] my [homework]?Was he [writing] a [letter]?Were you [reading] a [book]?Do you [see] your [tests]? Does she [watch] her [kids]? Did they [eat] their [bananas]? Will he [jump] our [desk]? Are you going to [travel next month]? Was he going to [draw a map]? Were you going to [see a movie]? Would she [fly] to their [cities]? Can you [do] it yourself? Could they [do] it themselves? May I [try] it myself? Might he [make] it himself?Shall I [type] them?Should he [visit a doctor] now?Must she [prepare] them herself?Have you [sung the hymn]?Has she [done the homeworks]?Had they [played tennis] here?Will they have [learned the words]?Have you been [working]?Has he been [walking] there?Had she been [selling newspapers]?Will they have been [studying] hard?
Son los cuadernos viejosHay un documento sobre el escritorioHay dos lapiceros rojos en el pisoHabía un lápiz nuevo en la gavetaHabía tres máquina acáHabrá un profesor en casa Podría haber un doctor en la oficinaTe estás tomando tu café? El está pintando su casa?Estoy haciendo mi tarea?El estaba escribiendo una carta?Usted estaba leyendo un libro?Ves tus exámenes?Ella vigila a sus hijos?Ellos se comieron sus bananas?El saltará nuestro escritorio?Vas a viajar el próximo mes?El iba a dibujar un mapa?Usted iba a ver una película?Ella volaría a sus ciudades?Puedes hacerlo tu mismo?Ellos mismos pudieron hacerlo?Puedo intentarlo por mí mismo?El mismo podría hacerlo?Yo los escribiré?El debería visitar a un doctor ahora?Ella misma debe prepararlos?Has cantando el himno?Ella ha hecho las tareas?Ellos había jugado tenis aquí?Ellos habrán aprendido las palabras?Usted ha estado trabajando?El ha estado caminando allí?Ella había estado vendiendo periódicos?Ellos habrán estado estudiando duro
25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE [b]Are those [pink desks] his?Is that [fancy bag] yours?Is this [mouse] hers?Are the [bad tests] ours?Are the [good scores] theirs?Is the [clean water] its?
Aquellos escritorios rosados son de él.Ese bolso de fantasía es tuyo.Este ratón es de ella.Los exámenes malos son nuestros.Los puntajes buenos son de ellos.El agua limpia es de este.
Is John’s watch [beside the notebook]?Is Pete’s clock [next to the sofa]?Are Mary’s cats [under the tree]?How many [dollars] do you [have]?I [have] a [million dollars].How much [sugar] do you [need]?I [need] a [kilo of sugar]Is there any [coffee in the kitchen]?Yes, there is a [pound of coffee].What time is it?It’s [six] o’clock.How old [are you]?[I’m] 14 years oldWhere were you born? I was born in [Cucuta].What’s your addres?It´s [4-55 7th street, Caobos]What do you [do at home]?I [play chess at home]Where did you [learn French]?I [learned French in France].When will you [go to USA]?I will [go to USA next year]Why have you worn [old shoes]?Because they’re [smooth]Who [performs the act]?[Fanny performs the act]Which [singer do you prefer]?I [prefer Shakira]Whose [jacket] do you like best?I like [Henry’s Jacket]How long ago did you [visit Athens]I [visited] it [four years ago]You like to [read], don’t you?Yes, I like to [read]You don’t like to [write], do you?No, I don’t like to [write]
El reloj de John está al lado del cuadernoEl reloj de Pedro está al lado del sofáLos gatos de María están bajo el árbolCuántos dólares tienes?Tengo un millón de dólaresCuánta azúcar necesitas?Necesito un kilo de azúcarHay café en la cocina?Sí, hay una libra de caféQué hora es?Son las seis en punto.Cuantos años tienes?Tengo catorce añosDonde naciste?Nací en CúcutaCuál es tu dirección?Es calle 7ª, N° 4-55, Los CaobosQué haces en casa?Juego ajedrez en casaDónde aprendiste Francés?Aprendí Francés en FranciaCuándo irás a EE UUIré a EE UU el próximo añoPor qué has usado zapatos viejos?Porque son suavesQuién hace el acto?Fanny hace el acto.Cuál cantante prefieres?Prefiero a ShakiraCuál chaqueta te gusta más?Me gusta la chaqueta de HenryCuánto hace que visitaste Atenas?La visité hace cuatro añosTe gusta leer, no es verdad?Sí, me gusta leerNo te gusta escribir, cierto?No, no me gusta escribir.
25D TIME EXPRESSIONSAfternoon January SaturdayApril July SecondAugust June SeptemberCentury March SummerDay May SundayDecade Midnight SunriseDecember Millennium Sunsetearly morning Minute Thursday
Era Monday TuesdayEternity Month WednesdayEvening Morning Weekfall / autumn Night WinterFebruary Noon YearFriday November At dawnHour October At duskAt night next Friday three weeks agoAt noon next week todayEvery week next year tomorrowIn a week\'s time the day after tomorrow afternoonIn the afternoon the day after tomorrow tomorrow eveningIn the early morning the day before tomorrow morningIn the evening the day before yesterday tonightin the morning this evening two days agolast Friday this Friday two days earlierlast month this month two days laterlast night this week yesterdaylast week this year yesterday eveninglast year yesterday morning
25E-1. SHORT ADJECTIVESsmall - pequeño smaller - más pequeño (the) smallest – el más pequeñotall - alto taller - más alto (the) tallest- el más altoyoung - joven younger - más joven (the) youngest – el más jovenlong - largo longer - más largo (the) longest – el más largobig - grande bigger - más grande (the) biggest- el más grandefat - gordo fatter - más gordo (the) fattest- el más gordolazy - perezoso, vago lazier - más vago the laziest- el más vagofunny - gracioso, divertido funnier - más divertido the funniest- el más divertidohappy - feliz, alegre happier - más feliz the happiest- el más felizcrazy - loco crazier - más loco the craziest- el más loconoisy - ruidoso noisier - más ruidoso the noisiest- el más ruidoso
25E-2. LONG ADJECTIVESexpensive - caro more expensive the most expensive- el más caromodern - moderno more modern the most modernbeautiful - hermoso more beautiful the most beautifulelegant - elegante more elegant the most elegantinteresting - interesante more interesting the most interestingdangerous - peligroso more dangerous the most dangerous
25E-3. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVE VERB ADJECTIVE VERBAlive - vivo To live- vivir Empty - vacío To empty - vaciarAsleep - dormido To sleep - dormir Hard - duro To harden - endurecerBeauty- hermoso To beautify - embellecer Soft - blando To soften - ablandarSweet - dulce To sweeten - endulzar Sick - enfermo To Sicken - enfermar
Black - negro To blacken - ennegrecer Low - bajo To lower - bajarWhite - blanco To whiten - blanquear Hot - caliente To heat - calentarDark - oscuro To darken - oscurecer Long - largo To lengthen - alargarDead - muerto To die - morir Short - corto To shorten - acortarDeep - profundo To deepen - profundizar Rich - rico To enrich - enriquecerDifficult - difícil To complicate - dificultar Poor - pobre To impoverish – empobrecerDirty - sucio To dirty - ensuciar Simple - simple To simplify - simplificarClean - limpio To clean - limpiar Straight - derecho To straighten - enderezarFat - gordo To fatten - engordar b - fuerte To strenghen - débilFull - lleno To fill - llenar Wide - ancho To widen - ensanchar
25E-4. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERBCareful - ciudadoso Carefully - cuidadoso Clear - claro Clearly - claramenteSlow - lento Slowly - lentamente Possible - posible Possibly - posiblementeStrong - fuerte Strongly - fuertemente Probable - probable Probably - probablementeSimple - simple Simply - simplemente Deep - profundo Deeply - profundamenteBad - mal Badly - malamente Quick - rápido Quickly - rápidamenteFrecuent - frecuente Frecuently - frecuentemente Normal - normal Normally - normalmente
Good - bueno Well - bien Fast - rápido Fast - rápidamenteHard - duro Hard - duramente
25E-5. ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
ADJECTIVES NOUNS ADJECTIVES NOUNS
Long - largo Short - corto
Length – longitud Difficult - difícil Difficulty - dificultad
