OBJECTIVE• Explain how the Enlightenment/Age of Reason and

the American Revolution led to revolution in France

• Identify the Three Estates

• Explain how the storming of Bastille led to a bloody rebellion

• Describe how the rest of the Europe reacted to the French Revolution

• List Napoleon’s accomplishments in government and in war

THE BIG IDEA

• Social unrest, government debt, and food shortages contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.

CAUSES

• Spread of Enlightenment ideas

• Huge government debt

• Poor harvest and rising prices

• Corrupt and weak government(Louis XVI)

• Formation of National Assembly

• Storming of Bastille (political prison in Paris)

CAUSES

THREE ESTATES

• Estates-General (Government body-French Parliament)– Since the Middle Ages,

everyone in France belonged to one of the three social classes called ESTATES

FIRST AND SECOND ESTATES

• First Estate-clergy-0.5%• Second Estate-nobles

1.5%– Only 2% of people

belonged to these two estates

– They owned about 30% of the land and they paid little or no taxes

– They had an easy life

THIRD ESTATE

• Third estate– the bourgeoisie(middle

class)– city workers(poorly paid

or without jobs)– peasants(farm workers)

• 80% of the population

– Third estate had few rights and they paid high taxes

– They were angry

TENNIS COURT OATH

• Members of the Third Estate took the Oath. They swore to give France a Constitution

• They supported the National Assembly

Storming Bastille

• On July 14, 1789- attack on political prison in Paris

• Searching for gun powder & weapons

• Revolution began

First French Republic• The king Louis XVI was forced

off the throne

• New law-making body called the National Convention declared France a republic-1792.

• The motto of the new republic was “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”– (motto=word or phrase that

expresses goals or ideals)

REIGN OF TERROR • Those considered to

be enemies of the French Republic were executed by guillotine.

• About 20,000 to 40,000 people were executed during the Reign of Terror

REIGN OF TERROR

• Maximilian Robespierre

– (Gresham's law of political morality: the bad drives out the good .)

Death of Marat (at the hands of Charlotte Corday)

Napoleon

• French Hero– Stabilized economy

– made laws uniform; eliminated injustices

– increased empire and defeated major enemy

Napoleonic Code-Law

Emperor Napoleon

• 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor

NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE

Napoleon’s Mistake

• Napoleon declared war on Russia

• 1812-Defeat at Borodino- Russia

• Over 500,000 men were killed or died of illness or starvation. Many froze to death

The first exile

• Island Elba - Italy

The second exile -St. Helena

Congress of Vienna• Restoration of Europe• Russia, Prussia, and Great

Britain diminished the size and power of France

• Europeans leaders wanted to establish peace and stability after Napoleon’s defeat at the Waterloo in Belgium-1815

EFFECTS• France adopts its first written constitution• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

adopted• Monarchy abolished; execution of king and queen• Reign of Terror• Napoleon gains power• Public school set up• French conquest spread nationalism• Revolution in Europe and Latin America