632 PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCE

a year or so to such a phase as not to be infec-tious any more. Hereditary syphilis, as stated byHoffmann (Bonn) and Guszmann (Budapest), willshortly disappear from all civilised States. I quotetheir statements literatim.

Prof. J. GuszMANN (Budapest): In the domain ofsyphilidology I see the greatest progress in the fact thatto-day we are justified in asserting that congenital syphiliswill shortly disappear entirely in all cultured countriesand their terrible consequences will remain unknown tothe next generation of physicians.

Dr. E. HOFFMANN (Bonn) : As I have already empha-sised in articles which have appeared in the Wien. klin.Woch. and the Wien. med. Woch., with the aid of ourpresent methods of intensive treatment congenital syphilisis well avertable and certainly curable. In consequenceof this fact stillborn and macerated foetuses have entirelydisappeared at many places (Germany, Denmark) whereintensive and persistent treatment is applied.

From these premisses we can infer, without undueoptimism, that sexual diseases could be made extinctwithin a year or so, if during this time we couldenforce the strict and complete isolation of the patients,whereby the source of infection could be blocked.It is equally reasonable to imagine that by theenforcement of severe procedures-eventually punish-ment and internment-adopted internationally againstvenereal patients caught or reported to spread thediseases at large and by applying treatmenton them the infectivity of such patients wouldcease and as a consequence venereal disease woulddisappear. Laws to this effect are already in forcein Germany and Rumania ; a draft Act has justbeen prepared in Hungary.

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,YOUR BUDAPEST CORRESPONDENT.

Budapest, Feb. 27th.

PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCENOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS

Home Office Administration

ON March 5th, on a vote for the Civil and RevenueDepartments, Mr. BENSON raised the subject of the

PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DELINQUENTS

He acknowledged with gratitude the sympathetic wayin which the Home Office had dealt with this matterin the past. The first official recognition of thepsychological problem or the possibility of thepsychological treatment of delinquents and criminaloffenders was in a Departmental Report issued in 1932.The Home Office immediately appointed a psychiatristwho he believed was working at Wormwood Scrubs.His object in raising the matter that day wasto appeal to the Home Office to go a little bitfurther.

It was true, he said, that the psychological treatmentof delinquents was in a purely experimental stage, butso was the treatment of cancer. In practically all medicalmatters treatment and experiment were bound to gohand in hand. With regard to psychiatry particularlyas applied to delinquency it was essential that psychiatristsshould be encouraged in their work on the subject andallowed every possible facility for the treatment of delin-quents in order that they might extend and improve theirtechnique and bring it out of the experimental stage.At present the work was extremely haphazard very largelyowing to the shortage of facilities. It was not that theHome Office was responsible for that. There was a bril-liant band of psychological specialists working on thismatter but unfortunately they had to apply a long,arduous, and extremely difficult technique, and they weregravely hampered by lack of funds, lack of buildings, andlack of almost everything that would make either theirexperiments or their treatment efficient and helpful.At the present moment there was a single Governmentpsychiatrist he thought at Wormwood Scrubs, and therewere six London hospitals which had psychologicalclinics, and these occasionally took delinquents. Therewas the Institute of Medical Psychology, where againthe treatment of delinquency was a side line, though theyhad done most valuable work and had gathered veryvaluable data. There was also one small new body-theInstitute for the Scientific Treatment of Delinquency-which was the only specialist body in the countrydealing with the psychiatric treatment of crime andcriminals.

The type of case that came before these clinicsfor treatment was extraordinarily varied. It wasnot merely the sex case as so many people seemed toimagine. In 1934 and 1935 the following cases came

into the hands of the Institute for the ScientificTreatment of Delinquency :-Attempted murder 1 Theft (including four bur-Violence ..... 7 glars) ..... 46

Shop lifting .... 14

Attempted suicide . 9 Embezzlement, forgery,Sex cases 36 and false pretences 26Wandering 13 Other kinds of cases 29

In dealing with this subject, Mr. Benson con-

tinued, the Home Office would have to get thecooperation of judges and magistrates. In Londonhe was glad to say the magistrates were awakeningto the importance of the matter. In 1935 they sentto the Institute for the Scientific Treatment ofDelinquency twice as many cases as they sent in1934. In the second place the Home Office wouldhave to realise the necessity for the provision oftreatment for cases in which it was recommendedby the courts. In London the possibilities for thistreatment were hopelessly inadequate and in theprovinces they were entirely non-existent. It was areally staggering fact that outside London there wereonly four doctors with the qualification of theInstitute of Psycho-Analysis. All the rest of thedoctors with that qualification were in London.There was one doctor in Manchester, one in Reading,one in Southsea, and one in Edinburgh. The HomeOffice would have to face this problem because thepsychiatric treatment, not merely of delinquents butof any neurotic person, was fundamentally differentfrom that given by the hospitals. To allow this typeof treatment to depend on the voluntary work of asmall handful of specialists was out of the question.If this problem was to be thoroughly tackled theHome Office sooner or later would have to provide itsown trained psychiatrists and to regard this as acurative branch of the prison service.

SILICOSIS-MINERS’ NYSTAGMUS

Mr. HOLLINS drew attention to the position ofhundreds of thousands of workers engaged in occu’pations in which the dreadful disease of silicosis haddeveloped. He would prefer that there should not bethe present limitation with regard to silicosis becauseSection 47 of the 1925 Act only scheduled the occu’pation and not the disease. Wherever a workmancontracted this dreadful disease as a result of followingan occupation he should be allowed to make a claimfor compensation. Under the scheme of Section 47of the 1925 Act, and the amending Act of 1931,medical boards were introduced and the experienceof the pottery industry was that these boards wereoperating in a perfectly satisfactory manner. Theworkers would prefer the medical boards to thesystem of medical referees and certifying surgeons.They preferred that there should be a second orthird opinion rather than that the decision should be

633PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCE

left to one man. They could see no reason whysilicosis should not be scheduled as a disease so thatmedical boards would administer the matter.Mr. TINKER raised the question of miners’ nystagmus

and urged that the Home Office should consider

having more than one medical man to judge thesecases. He thought there should be at least three.The medical referee might be right in his judgmentbut the workman always felt that he had not had afair deal.

ACCIDENTS IN FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS

Mr. SHORT called attention to accidents in factoriesand workshops. He said that judging from the lastreport of the Chief Inspector of Factories there hadbeen a notable increase in the number of accidents,particularly of a non-fatal character, and theinspector emphasised the growing volume and natureof the accidents. There was need for greater careand supervision. The accident rate among youngpeople was much greater than the rate among adults.The inspector’s report also drew attention to the needfor greater care and supervision in order to dealwith accidents in connexion with hoists and lifts.He thought that they had not enough inspectors andhe hoped that the Government would agree to appointa larger number. He also called attention to carbonmonoxide poisoning arising from petrol fumes. Manydrivers and other workers employed on petrol-drivenomnibuses suffered from gastric complaints frominhaling these fumes. There ought to be a closer

association with the medical profession as regardsthe health of the workers. There should be a greaterdiffusion of knowledge concerning industrial diseases.Medical men ought to be encouraged if they believedthat a complaint from which a patient was sufferingarose from the patient’s occupation to communicatethat fact to thelHome Office.

THE UNDER-SECRETARY’S REPLY

Mr. GEOFFREY LLOYD said that with regard to thepsychological treatment of delinquents the HomeOffice, while keeping its mind thoroughly open to allnew schools of thought, would not rashly adoptschemes or theories which were not yet thoroughlytried out or approved. Psychologists had notachieved complete agreement among themselves.The Home Office had sent a circular to courts ofsummary jurisdiction in which they drew attentionto the desirability of obtaining a medical report onthe offender in any case where the circumstances ofthe offender or his demeanour when before the courtsuggested doubt as to his mental condition. Thatwas only one side of the question. It might well bethat there were some offenders who were not mentallynormal and who ought to be under some form ofrestraint but who could not be dealt with except bybeing sent to prison. The Home Office had appointeda specialist in mental psychology as part-time medicalofficer at one of the London prisons. It was tooearly to arrive at any conclusions as to the type ofcase which was most likely to respond to such treat-ment or to give permanent results.The Home Office would, he said, look into the

points raised about industrial disease and accidents.There was a committee sitting on the subject ofminers’ nystagmus. With regard to silicosis, it wasvery slow in its onset and that was one reason whyit was not suitable to be scheduled under the ordinaryprovisions. The other reason was that it was difficultto diagnose. In general the Home Office felt that itwas not wise to scrap all the work that had beendone in gradually building up this complex systemof silicosis schemes which had been added to andimproved as the result of experience. It was betterto go on experimenting on and making researchesinto the causes of the disease and they were readyto examine any evidence as to the occurrence of thedisease in any other occupations or circumstances,and so in time to make improvements. At thepresent time the Home Office were conducting anumber of examinations on silicosis and in particular

the Medical Research Council was at work on thesubject. The prevention of silicosis was also receivingattention. The Department was alive to its functionof assisting in the prevention of accidents. He drewattention to the Industrial Museum in Horseferry-road. The Department had a clearing house forknowledge from all parts of the country in relationto safety, health, and welfare in factories. Thequestion of carbon monoxide poisoning among driversof petrol-driven vehicles was being examined by amedical committee at the present time.

Alcohol and Road Accidents

In the House of Commons on March 4th, Mr.C. C. TAYLOR, moving a resolution urging H.M.Government to press forward all possible measuresto achieve reduction in road accidents, remarkedthat the drunken motorist should be treated as acriminal lunatic ; but he submitted that a moderateamount of alcohol had no more effect in producingaccident than had severe shock or excitement, and ’if a man was moderate in his ways it would not affecthim when he drove a motor-car.-Dr. SALTER, whofollowed, insisted that a far greater danger thanactual drunkenness was the " subintoxicated "

motorist. The British Medical Association, he said,improvised this term to indicate a person who thoughnot obviously under the influence of drink in the legalsense was none the less physiologically under theinfluence of drink. Notwithstanding the expertadvice given to him the Minister of Transport, hesaid, had taken no steps to bring the extreme dangerof consuming alcohol, before driving or when driving,before the motoring public, and this in spite of specificevidence brought to his notice that the consumptionof even quite small quantities of alcohol led to areduction in the efficiency and capacity of the driver.The Minister having asked for the advice of theB.M.A. had not only failed to give publicity to theconclusions of its committee but had poured ridiculeon them. Other nations, said Dr. Salter, had broughtthe danger of small quantities of alcohol before everydriver and every applicant for a license or its renewal.In Germany every applicant was handed a card onwhich he was warned not to touch alcohol even insmall quantities before he started to drive ; he hadto sign a book in the police president’s office declaringhe had received the card and had read and under-stood it. In the judgment of many experts, saidDr. Salter, at least 25 per cent. of the fatalities andaccidents on the roads were due to the fact thatdrivers were subintoxicated.-Sir ERNEST GRAHAM-LITTLE, who asked the Minister for a more thoroughinvestigation of the causes of accidents on the road,said it had been shown that about one-quarter ofthe population at any given time were definitelyprone to accident, and this accident-proneness couldbe identified by suitable tests. It should be possible,he thought, to introduce if only on an experimentalbasis such tests for a portion of the persons con-cerned.-Mr. HORE-BELISHA, in replying, remarkedparenthetically that the development of roads likethe growth of forests was a long process. He deniedsuppression of the B.M.A. report, remarking that itwas published at sixpence a copy, while Dr. Salterwanted it to be published at the Government’sexpense. Doctors having undertaken this work hedid not see, he said, why the medical professionshould not get what advantage they could from thesale of the report. Anyone who desired to do socould read the report and learn that there was noproposal emerging from it which the Minister couldput into operation. Mr. Hore-Belisha added thathe mentioned the subject in the Highway Code forthe first time.

Sir FRANcis FREMANTLE intervening suggested thatwhat the Minister had said did not in the least enforce theparticular point of the medical inquiry which was to bringit home to people that the least quantity of alcohol beforedriving a car involved danger.-The MonsTER rejoined," I agree with my hon. friend that the B.M.A. laid it down

634 PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCE

that alcohol even in small doses was liable to have a badeffect on the driving of a car, but it does not fall to me tooperate their recommendation. I cannot prevent peoplewho have taken some alcohol from driving cars; I can

only call attention in general terms to the matter. I haveindicated in the Highway Code that it is undesirable thatmotorists should drink when they are going to drive cars,and I do not think that I can do more than that."

The Minister indicated that in cooperation withthe Home Secretary and the Secretary for Scotlandhe was this year as from April lst making an analysisof all accidents involving death or injury.

Milk Supplies and the Problem of NutritionIn the House of Lords on March 10th Earl DE LA

WARR Parliamentary Secretary to the Board ofEducation, moved the second reading of the Billwhich extends for a further 18 months the provisionsof the Milk Act, 1934.

Viscount ASTOR said that as chairman of theLeague of Nations Commission he knew what wasbeing done under the auspices of the League to

develop a nutrition policy in this and other countries.The movement in that direction was very largely dueto the work of Earl De La Warr. The fact wasbeginning to be appreciated that if children had anample supply of milk they would become healthierand better citizens. It was unlikely that there wouldbe a spectacularly large increase in the consumptionof milk through the supply of cheap milk to schools,but he hoped that the increase would be steady.Unless the price of milk to the consumer could besubstantially lowered there would not be the fullconsumption of milk which was desired. Three waysby which the price of milk could be lowered were,reduction in the price of distribution, reduction inthe cost of production, and a subsidy. Somethingshould be done along these three lines. There was avery large surplus supply of milk because the pro-ducers’ price was too high ; the aim should be toproduce as much cheap milk as possible.The Bill was read a second time.

HOUSE OF COMMONS

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4TH

Maternal Mortality in Glasgow and GreenockMr. DAVIDSON asked the Secretary of State for Scotland

the figures of maternal mortality for 1935 in Glasgow andGreenock respectively.-Sir GODFREY CoLLINs replied:The number of maternal deaths in Glasgow in 1935 was155 and in Greenock 11, representing rates of 7-0 and 6,5per thousand births respectively.Medical Examination of Air Pilots in Scotland

The Marquess of CLYDESDALE asked the Under-Secretaryof State for Air whether, in view of the large increase ofcommercial pilots in Scotland and the expense and incon-venience to which they were placed in presenting them-selves for medical examination in London, he was pre-pared to authorise the appointment of a Medical Boardfor Scotland, either in Glasgow or Edinburgh, to includean approved resident doctor, which board would referborderline cases to the central board in London.-Sir P.SASSOON replied : I regret that the number of applicantsfrom Scottish addresses does not justify the setting upof a special board in Scotland. Medical examination inLondon is ordinarily only insisted upon in connexionwith the initial grant of the licences, when the candidate’spresence in London is in any case necessary, for thetechnical or flying test, and once in every two yearssubsequently.

Sounding of Motor Horns and Fatal RoadAccidents

Mr. BouLTON asked the Minister of Transport if hewas aware that coroners in several cases had made severestrictures on accused persons for not sounding theirmotor horns after hours, causing fatal accidents; and if hewas still satisfied that this law was serving a useful pur.

pose.-Mr. HoRE-BBLiSHA replied : I am aware of onesuch case. I am amply satisfied that the law is servinga useful purpose, and I should imagine that coronersgenerally, like other citizens, assist in its observance.

THURSDAY, MARCH 5TH

Occupational Diseases ConventionMr. CREECH JONES asked the Home Secretary whether

the Government had given recent consideration to theratification of the Workmen’s Compensation (OccupationalDiseases) Convention (Revised), 1934, No. 62 ; and whenit was proposed that the Convention should be ratified.-Sir JOHN SiMON replied : The Government propose toratify this convention and the formalities for ratificationare now being carried out.

Accidents Convention 1925 (No. 17)Mr. CREECH JONES asked the Home Secretary whether

he would now consider, with a view to ratification, theWorkmen’s Compensation (Accidents) Convention, 1925

(No. 17).-Sir JOHN Smrorr replied : I am advised thatthis convention could not be ratified without far-reachingchanges in the law and medical arrangements of thiscountry, and I see no prospect of such legislation beingpassed at present.

Gas Mask for Civilian Protection

Mr. SHORT asked the Home Secretary whether hewould arrange for Members of this House to attend ademonstration of the gas mask to be used for the protec-tion of the civilian population.-Mr. G. LLOYD replied:When the design of the respirator referred to is finallysettled, I shall be very glad to arrange for a demonstra-tion, and I hope that hon. Members will not merely attendbut also test for themselves the efficacy of the respiratorin various concentrations of poison gases.Protection of Public against High Explosive and

Incendiary BombsLieut.-Commander FLETCHER asked the Home Secre-

tary what precautionary instructions, in addition to thoseagainst gas attacks, he was sending to local authoritieswith regard to attacks by high explosive and incendiarybombs.-Mr. G. LLOYD replied : It is hoped to issuehandbooks and memoranda making available to localauthorities, industrial undertakings, and the publicgenerally the information at the disposal of the Govern-ment on protection against high explosive and incendiarybombs ; and I can assure the hon. Member that this

aspect of the subject is being given the careful considera-tion which it requires as an integral part of all air raidsprecautions schemes.

Law and Practice Relating to CoronersViscountess ASTOR asked the Home Secretary whether

it was proposed to introduce .a Coroners Amendment Bill,following the recent publication of the report of the

departmental committee which inquired into the law andpractice regarding coroners.-Sir JOHN SzMOrr replied:Legislation would be required to give effect to a numberof the committee’s recommendations, but I cannot makeany statement until there has been an opportunity ofgiving full consideration to the report.

Boy Patient at Napsbury Mental HospitalMr. MESSEH. asked the Minister of Health if he was

aware that John Henry Fuller, a boy of 14 years of age,was the only boy patient in the Napsbury mental hospital,where all the other patients are adults; and if he wouldtake steps to obtain his transfer to a more suitable insti-tution.-Sir KINSGLEY WOOD replied : The question ofthis patient’s transfer to another institution has alreadybeen carefully considered, but I am advised that it isnot at present desirable or practicable, having regard tohis mental condition, as to which I am communicatingwith the hon. Member.

Maternity and Child Welfare in WalesMr. WILFRID ROBERTS asked the Minister of Health

whether his attention had been called to figures and

635PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCE

graphs showing the reduction of maternal mortality inthe Rhondda valley as the result of the provision of addi-tional meals as well as milk to expectant mothers ; andwhether he would supply these figures and graphs for theinformation of Members.-Sir KINGSLEY WOOD replied :I have requested the medical officers of my departmentwho are investigating the problem of maternal mortalityto pay careful attention to the information regardingRhondda referred to by the hon. Member. I have nodoubt that they will deal with it in their report which Ihope to receive from them when they have completedthe extensive inquiry they are now making. The report,which will be presented to Parliament as soon as it isreceived, will, I think, be the best way of bringing to thenotice of hon. Members the facts in this and other cases,and the conclusions to be drawn from them.

MONDAY, MARCH 9TH

Health Conditions in a FactoryMr. CREECH JoNES asked the Home Secretary whether

his attention had been drawn to the conditions of workat the Cotopa mills, Guiseley ; whether he was awareof the bad physical effects of such employment; whetherhe would ask the inspector of factories to give specialattention to the processes carried on in this mill andconsider scheduling the work under the list of dangeroustrades ; and in the meantime if he would impose rigidrules to govern the period of actual work on the respectiveprocesses, insist on mechanical draught by fan beingemployed to remove fumes and gases and the provisionof adequate washing facilities, and the taking of mealsby the workpeople in places other than in the mills.-Mr.GEOFFREY LLOYD replied : It appears from a report byone of the medical inspectors of factories who has visitedthese mills that no serious trouble has arisen, but thatsome of the employees have suffered from sore eyes dueto fumes. It would seem that this can be prevented byimproved ventilation in the process room, together withmore care on the part of some of the men to wear thegoggles provided for them, and methods of improvingthe ventilation are to be discussed with an inspector.A canteen with messroom and washing accommodationis being built. There appears to be no case on groundsof health for restricting the hours of work or for prohibitingthe taking of meals on the premises, but the works willcontinue to receive special attention.

Bombing of British Red Cross in AbyssiniaMr. COCKS asked the Secretary of State for Foreign

Affairs whether he could give the House any informationregarding the bombing of the British Red Cross hospitalat Karen ; and whether H.M. Government had made a

protest to the Italian government against this breach ofinternational law ?

Sir ASSHETON POWNALL asked the Secretary of Statefor Foreign Affairs whether he had any information withregard to the bombing by the Italians of a British RedCross ambulance.-Viscount CRANBORNE, Under-Secre-tary for Foreign Affairs, replied : On March 5th H.M.Minister at Addis Ababa telegraphed a message fromDr. Melly, the leader of the British Red Cross ambulancein Northern Ethiopia, stating that the British ambulancewas heavily and deliberately bombed at midday on

March 4th while situated in the open on Korem plain,two miles from the nearest troops. There was a RedCross ground flag 40 feet square in the centre of the camp,and red crosses on the tents and the flagstaff. The opera-tion, sterilisation, and three ward tents were destroyed,as well as one lorry. Three patients were killed andseveral wounded. There were no casualties amongst thepersonnel. The aeroplane, according to the message,circle low over the camp nine times, dropping aboutforty bombs, one of which fell on the ground flag. The

message added that the camp had previously been observedmany times at Waldia, Allamata and Morem by low-flying aeroplanes. It has subsequently been reportedthat the ambulance was again bombed on March 5th.On the receipt of the first telegram from H.M. Ministerat Addis Ababa, H.M. Ambassador at Rome was instructedto lodge an immediate protest with the Italian Govern-

ment on the facts as stated by Dr. Melly, and to makeit plain that H.M. Government expect them to order animmediate investigation and, in the meantime, to issuethe strictest instructions against a recurrence of thisincident. In reply to this communication, Signor Suvich,while not prepared to admit the accuracy of Dr. Melly’sreport, nevertheless stated that an inquiry would beinstituted, and that instructions would be issued to avoida repetition of the incident. On receipt of the news thatthe second bombing incident had taken place, my righthon. friend instructed Sir E. Drummond to renew hisrepresentations in the strongest manner and to ask foran assurance that the necessary instructions had beenissued and their receipt acknowledged by the Italianmilitary authorities. The result of these further repre-sentations is not yet known.

Sir A. POWNALL : Has the noble lord any informationwith regard to the death of Major Burgoyne and has hisattention been called to a statement in the Times onSaturday by their Special Correspondent who himselfsaw this episode, that the bombing was unquestionablydeliberate ?Viscount CRANBORNE: That is a different question.

TUESDAY, MARCH 10TH

Erysipelas Deaths

Mr. VIANT asked the Minister of Health whether hismedical staff had formed any opinion as to the cause ofthe marked increase in the number of deaths certifiedas being due to erysipelas during the years 1930 to 1934.-Mr. SHAKESPEARE (Parliamentary Secretary to the

Ministry of Health) replied : The incidence of this disease,the increase of which is only one manifestation of theincreased prevalence of a group of diseases of similarcausation which has tended to occur in waves of a fewyears’ duration, is receiving the attention of my right hon.friend’s medical advisers, but he is advised that no firmconclusions are at present possible as to the reasons forthis periodicity.

Voluntary Patients in Public Mental HospitalsMr. SORENSEN asked the Minister of Health the number

of voluntary patients in public mental hospitals duringthe last week of 1935.-Mr. SHAKESPEARE replied : Thefigures are not available for the last week of 1935, but onJan. 1st last there were 4296 voluntary patients in publicmental hospitals, and 229 in the Maudsley Hospital.

Medical Opinion and Fitness for Light WorkMr. HARDIE asked the Secretary of State for Scotland

whether, in view of the number of cases coming underthe Scottish Health Department, where men were beingtold by medical opinion that they were only fit for lightwork, he could give a definition of what constituted lightwork ; and on what grounds his department said that aman was fit for work when certified as suffering frommitral stenosis.-Sir GODFREY COLLINS replied; Thecases which the hon. Member has in mind are presumablythose of persons who have been examined by the regionalmedical officers of the Department of Health on thequestion of their incapacity for work. If and when the

opinion is expressed that the persons concerned are onlyfit for light work the phrase " light work " is used in itsordinary sense, that is, as indicating work not involvingphysical effort of an arduous nature. With regard to thelast part of the question, I am advised that mitral stenosisdoes not necessarily involve incapacity for all kinds ofwork.

AN ANONYMOUS DONOR.-On March 6th Mr. HenryWard, formerly well known as a civil engineer, died atthe London Hospital at the age of 87. In 1923, undera condition of strict anonymity he had given to the

hospital ;CIOO,000, of which :f:80,00O was devoted to thegeneral endowment and the remainder to general pur-poses. Mr. Ward was for 33 years a member of theLondon County Council and for 30 years he served onthe Metropolitan Water Board.