Submitted by:

Hassan Raza (2014-ME-316)

Submitted to:

Engr. Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE,

CITY CAMPUS

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Hassan Raza

Hassanraza8281@yahoo.com

Acknowledgement

I am pleased to acknowledge TRAINING DEPARTMENT of PITAC who helped me to work

here as internee. I have learned a lot during my period of internship. I felt my theoretical knowledge

being converted to practical processes.

Here I would especially like to thanks All concerned employees of PITAC for sharing their time

in the sessions of discussions regarding daily tasks & supporting me.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Schedule of internship

Departments under training

Heat Treatment Section

Inspection & Quality Control

Design Section

Design Capabilities at PITAC

Skills learned

References

INTERNSHIP PLAN PITAC

Internship Plan for 3 weeks

Start date End date

18th-july-2016 5th-Aug-2016

Internship Rotational Plan

o Heat Treatment Section 1week 18-22 July 2016

o Inspection & Quality Control 1week 25-29 July 2016

o Design Section 1week 01-05 August 2016

PITAC

Departments under Internship

As PITAC has number of departments so we were directed to training division. They made a

schedule of 3 weeks and according to instructions.

Three sections of PITAC were designed for our internship

• HEAT TREATMENT SECTION

• INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL

• DESIGN SECTION

These sections were first introduced to all of us. To tell us what they are doing and what will be

our role in that internship during this era of 3 weeks we were pleased to get responsibilities and to

hand on experience as it was the aim and purpose behind all this struggle. We were entitled

“Internee UET” for the next 3 weeks by PITAC.

In these sections we watch closely how the professionals are working to make that center unique

and adorable for outer world it was an example for us to how we should do in upcoming future

being a future professional.

HEAT TREATMENT SECTION

Our internship started as we enter into Heat treatment section,

Heat treatment section of PITAC is having gas, oil and

electric furnaces with all necessary equipment, we were first

introduced to the whole shop. After the first day the very next

day we were involved in discussions to clear the concepts of

Heat treatment what the process is and why heat treatment is

done. PITAC has heat treatment facilities with experienced

worker to make the work more accurate for industrial use. Gas

and Electric furnaces are available and they are also famous in

Case hardening and carburizing.

HEAT TREATMENT:

We heat treat metals in an attempt to optimize the mechanical and physical properties for a given

application. Most people think of heat treatment as a process for hardening metal. This is not

necessarily so, as many heat treatments are applied to soften metal in order to allow metal working

operations such as deep drawing, cold forging and machining.

Where increased strength and wear resistance is required, hardening and tempering treatments are

given. Extremely hard steels find applications in cutting tools where highly defined edges must be

maintained and heat treatment of these steels is a critical operation. Hard surfaces with ductile base

material may be developed by heat treatment

There are also the solution heat treatments and ageing processes designed to increase the strength

of some non-ferrous metals and precipitation hardening steels.

HEAT TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

The heat treatment techniques are

The Softening Processes

Annealing

Normalizing

The Hardening Processes

Hardening

Tempering

Thermochemical Processes

Carburizing

Carbonitriding

Boronizing

Others are;

Annealing

Normalizing

Stress relieving

Aging

Quenching

Tempering

Tempering colors

Differential hardening

Case hardening

Flame hardening

Induction hardening

In that shop we interacted with senior shop Forman and we watch the processing of heat treatment

as a job of millet equipment limited was in progress. We get familiar with type of material and its

hardening technique.

Inspection & Quality Control Section

As we entered into the 2nd week we were referred to the section named as inspection and quality

control. We were first introduced to the whole faculty of that lab and then to the equipment briefly.

This section is very important because all the work pieces after work finished are brought here to test

their precision and accuracy. They are first fully investigated to find out their flaws or irregularities

and then the most important work they are checked on the basis that they are either capable to be

transported for the shipment to their owner industries throughout the Pakistan and to other Asian and

western countries. There is the list of equipment present in the lab at present time.

For External, Internal diameters and Depths

Vernier Calipers

A Vernier scale is a device that lets the user measure more precisely than could be done unaided

when reading a uniformly divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is a scale that indicates

where the measurement lies in between two of the marks on the main scale. Verniers are common on

sextants used in navigation, scientific instruments used to conduct experiments, machinists'

measuring tools (all sorts, but especially calipers and micrometers) used to work materials to fine

tolerances, and on theodolites used in surveying. The caliper has two external and two internal jaws,

which are used to measure respectively the external and the internal diameter of a cylinder. The tail

is used to measure the internal depth.

Micro-Meter Screw Gauge

Micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise

measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical

trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, Vernier, and digital calipers.

Micrometers are also used in telescopes or microscopes to measure the apparent diameter of celestial

bodies or microscopic objects. The micrometer used with a telescope was invented about 1638 by

William Gascoigne, an English astronomer. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of

calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame), which is why micrometer caliper is another common

name. The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the object to be measured is placed

between the spindle and the anvil. The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until

the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the spindle and the anvil.

For Finding out the Taper / slope

Micrometer screw gauge + spheres

D-Protractor

Bevel Protractor

A bevel protractor is a graduated circular protractor with one pivoted arm used for measuring or

marking off angles. Sometimes Vernier scales are attached to give more precise readings. It has wide

application in architectural and mechanical drawing, although its use is decreasing with the

availability of modern drawing software or CAD.

Universal bevel protractors are also used by toolmakers, as they measure angles by mechanical

contact they are classed as mechanical protractors. The bevel protractor is used to establish and test

angles to very close tolerances. It reads to 5 minutes or 1/12°and can measure any angle from 0° to

360°.

The bevel protractor consists of a beam, a graduated dial and a blade which is connected to a swivel

plate (with Vernier scale) by thumb nut and clamp. When the edges of the beam and blade are

parallel, a small mark on the swivel plate coincides with the zero line on the graduated dial. To

measure an angle between the beam and the blade of 90° or less, the reading may be obtained direct

from the graduation number on the dial indicated by the mark on the swivel plate. To measure an

angle of over 90°, subtract the number of degrees as indicated on the dial from 180°, as the dial is

graduated from opposite zero marks to 90° each way. Since the spaces, both on the main scale and

the Vernier scale, are numbered both to the right and to the left from zero, any angle can be

measured. The readings can be taken either to the right or to the left, according to the direction in

which the zero on the main scale is moved.

Sine Bar Method

The apparatus shown below is sine bar method for measuring taper or slope of work piece. Its

method relay upon the method of trigonometry. Sine bar is basically designed to set up the

distinction for precision among other slip gauges and surface plate.

Profile Projector

A profile projector displays an enlarged image of an object on a screen. The user can then easily

work with the enlarged image of the object. When measuring the dimensions of the object, the user

simply needs to place a scale on the on-screen image; when checking the shape of the object, the

user places a reference chart alongside the on-screen image for comparison. It is easy to view the

profile projector screen, even for people wearing glasses, and there are none of the difficulties

involved with looking into the eyepiece of a microscope. There is also the advantage that several

people can view the screen simultaneously.

For Random Purposes

Roundness Testing Machine:

Surf Test Machine:

Universal Measuring Machine:

DESIGN SECTION

As we enter into 3rd week we were sent to as the design is considered as an important step of any

production and it display the end result before wasting material and it’s the best tool to

communicate with your shop men, technician and others, so it compulsory to have basic

knowledge of design for everyone. In design section you deal with the language of lines how

they represent the end results of your dedicated work. We were first diverted to drafting then to

proper design process.

The design section is based on three steps

• Sketching

• Manual or by instruments

• Computer aided Design (CAD)

So we attended a Lecture on sketching on the very first day and started moving. The Trainer Mr.

Naveed introduced us with common sketching techniques and methods from those some were so

valuable. Sketching is an entering step to design to draw the design on paper is an expert work so

we were drawn into that.

DRAFTING

Technical drawing also known as drafting is the act and

discipline of composing drawings that visually

communicate how something functions or is to be

constructed. Technical drawing is essential for

communicating ideas in industry and engineering. To

make the drawings easier to understand, people use

familiar symbols, perspectives, units of measurement,

notation systems, visual styles, and page layout.

Together, such conventions constitute a visual language,

and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand. These

drafting conventions are condensed into internationally accepted standards and specifications that

transcend the barrier of language making technical drawings a universal means of

communicating complex mechanical concepts.

A drafter, draftsperson, or draughtsman is a person who makes a drawing (technical or

expressive). A professional drafter who makes technical drawings is sometimes called a drafting

technician. Professional drafting is a desirable and necessary function in the design and

manufacture of complex mechanical components and machines. Professional draftspersons

bridge the gap between engineers and manufacturers, and contribute experience and technical

expertise to the design process.

SKETCHING

A sketch is a quickly executed, freehand drawing that is not intended

as a finished work. In general, sketching is a quick way to record an

idea for later use. Architect's sketches primarily serve as a way to try

out different ideas and establish a composition before undertaking a

more finished work, especially when the finished work is expensive

and time consuming. We were given a number of tasks to execute

them into drawing and we did it for three days and it was a

brainstorming and learning session.

MANUAL OR BY INSTRUMENT

The basic drafting procedure is to place a

piece of paper (or other material) on a

smooth surface with right-angle corners

and straight sides—typically a drawing

board. A sliding straightedge known as a

T-square is then placed on one of the sides,

allowing it to be slid across the side of the

table, and over the surface of the paper.

"Parallel lines" can be drawn simply by moving the T-square and running a pencil or pen along

the T-square's edge.

The T-square is used to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. In this case the drafter

places one or more triangles of known angles on the T-square—which is itself at right angles to

the edge of the table—and can then draw lines at any chosen angle to others on the page. Modern

drafting tables come equipped with a drafting machine that is supported on both sides of the table

to slide over a large piece of paper. Because it is secured on both sides, lines drawn along the

edge are guaranteed to be parallel. In addition, the drafter uses several technical drawing tools to

draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs

and circles, and the curve, for drawing curves. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that

can be manually bent to most curves

That duration of a week passed in no time but we learnt a lot about mechanical designing as we

were given some tasks to full which really helped us to understand. As an additional jigs and

fixtures design was elaborated.

DESIGN CAPABILITES AT PITAC

PITAC offers a comprehensive array of technical assistance and support services to the

Public and Private engineering sectors in Pakistan. SME’s and industry are being benefitted

by PITAC through its Technological Back Up Support & Advisory Services in the fields

like Design and Development of Jigs and Fixtures, Manufacturing of Gauges, Heat

Treatment Facilities, 3D CAD/CAM, Mold Designing, Mold Processing, Assembly &

Polishing, NC Machining Centre, EDM/Wire Cut & Injection Molding.

Some areas where we offer technical assistance are as follows:

Plastic Injection Mould making & repairing

Heat Induction Metal Hardening

CNC Turning Centres

Advanced Jig Grinding & Boring

CMM measuring- Mitutoyo

Calibration

EDM & Wire Cut

Skills and Techniques learnt during internship

It was valuable time here in PITAC and we learn unlimited here are a few point I have summarized

We learnt about the leadership & Team work to do an effective work.

We learnt about tactics to maintain discipline & How to deal with workers.

We learnt How to control quality problems, defects in material, Laboratory Testing of

Hardness of a material and How to meet the demands of customers.

We also learnt about Designing.

Further, important software like AutoCAD, Pro-Engineers, Solid Works.

We have learnt how to make a powerful team to achieve target and to solve their problem

We have learnt about all machining process and heat treatment process and gauge making

process in PITAC

Learnt how to face Problems in industrial sector.

We observe the heat treatment section more closely and that help us understand heat

treatment process

We learn how jig and fixture can be made more accurately precise and cheaper.

Designing a drilling jig along with all necessities was our assignment and we did it

PITAC is among one of the best training institute of Pakistan & I gained much knowledge from

here which would definitely flourish my mind regarding experience & personality development.

• http://www.googlesearchengine.com/

• http://www.pitac.gov.pk/

• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/

References