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T-86.5141ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE:
Product Data Management
Asko MartioVariantum Oy, www.variantum.com
19.9.2006
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Variantum Oy
� New Finnish company, established 2002, 9 owners� Roots in Product Data Management Group (PDMG) of HUT,
established in 1992� First big project: EDMS for KONE Oyj, first remarkable document
management system in Finland. Today’s status: over 1 000 000 documents, over 3000 active users. PDM and configurable product related research projects with approx. 20 Finnish companies.
� Best imaginable technological know-how� 2 D.Sc. (Tech), dissertations within configuration domain, 1 Lic. Sc.
(Tech), 4 M. Sc. (Tech)� approx. 50 man-years of industrial experience in different management
positions
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Variantum products
System products� VariSelect, Product family selection tool to highlight product
properties and their differences � VariSales, Sales configurator for sales order definition� VariProd, Production configurator that creates Bill of Materials
required by the specified product variant (configuration) for the ERP system
� VariPDM, PDM system for product, document, product model and workflow management
Service and support products� Expert services for consultation, system training and implementation� After sales support services
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Contents
� References, terminology� Definition of PDM� Background, motivation for PDM� PDM Functionality� Architecture� Summary� KONE case
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References
� Kenneth G. McIntoshENGINEERING DATA MANAGEMENTA Guide to Successful Implementation, McGraw-Hill Inc.
� Antti Sääksvuori, Anselmi ImmonenTuotetiedonhallinta PDM,Talentum Media 2002
� Hannu Peltonen, Asko Martio, ReijoSulonenPDM - Tuotetiedon hallinta,IT Press 2002
� M. Eigner, R. StelzerProduktdatenmanagement-Systeme, Springer 2001
� I. Crnkovic, U. Asklund, A. P. DahlqvistProduct Data Management and Software Configuration Management, Artech House, Inc. 2003
� John StarkProduct Lifecycle Management, Paradigm for 21st century Product realisation, Springer 2004
� Rodger BurdenPDM: Product Data Management,Resource Pub 2003
� www.cimdata.com
� www.pdmic.com
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Terminology: PDM
Almost any combination of terms is used, PDM (Product Data Management) and PLM (Product Life-cycle Management) seem to be most common
PDM
PIM
EDM
TDM
TIMProduct
Data
Management
Information
Engineering
Technical
DocumentEnterprise
PDT
Technology
Electronic
cPDm
Collaborative
Asset
DefinitionLifecycle
PLMPAM
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Definition: Product
� Result of industrial activity general concept� Product family, brand, model, abstract class (cannot
type, product class, be manufactured) configurable product
� Product configuration, concrete class fixed product (can be manufactured)
� Product individual physical artifact, service activity
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Definition: Product Data (CIMdata)
� All product related information � Paper documents� Digital files:
� Document files: specifications, configurations, purchase orders
� CAD drawings, models, assemblies, parts lists
� CAE analysis, NC programs and plans
� Information stored in data bases
� PDM manages three different product data life-cycles� Product type life-cycle:
� product development� approval and change processes� beginning and end of production
� Product individual life-cycle:� engineering� production, maintenance, recycling
� Product process life-cycle
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Definition: PDM
� ISO 13584-10 Parts Library:A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions about one or more products in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human beings or by automatic means.
� Crnkovic, Asklund, Persson Dahlqvist (2003):PDM is the discipline of controlling the evolution of a product and providing other procedures and tools with the accurate product information at the right time in the right format during the entire Product Life Cycle
� PDT (Product Data Technology)-advisory group:Product Data Technology includes all aspects of the definition and methods of processing information pertinent to product throughout its development and operational lifecycle.
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Definition: PLM (CIMdata)
What is Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)?A strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise from concept to end of life –– integrating people, processes, and information
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PDM system status today
� PDM systems coverage is more restricted:� Current PDM systems do not include commercial data (stocks,
purchase orders, invoices, cost accounting, etc.) of the company. They are managed by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
� Main interest of PDM lays on product support processes (R&D, etc.)
� Many PDM systems do not support configurable products and product individual and production process life-cycles
� PDM system does not create new product data
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� Increased competition� Global markets, aggressive market behaviour� Shrinking budgets, lower production costs� Products are becoming more complex, exploiting more
technologies and built in vast number of variants� Quality requirements (ISO 9000 etc) and customer responsiveness
are increasing� Global manufacturing (expanded teaming)� Government and industry standards� Less time and money for hassling� Requirement for more efficient R&D: Concurrent Engineering
PDM motivation:Changing business environment
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PDM motivation:Data integration by system integration
CAD
Design/Engineering Purchasing & Finance
Production Process/Plant
MRP System
Customers Suppliers
Project Management
Manufacturing
Sales/Marketing& Customer Service
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� PDM system benefits� direct cost savings� faster time-to-market benefits� change management savings� indirect cost savings
� improved quality
� other savings� PDM system costs
� hardware, software licences� system tailoring, system integration, installation, training� system maintenance
PDM costs and benefits
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PDM Benefits, example
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Metric Standard C.E. Delta (%)
Design Hours 5337 5929 4460 16%/25%
Span Time (months) 21 19 11 48%/42%
Tooling Costs $79,461 $49,993 $42,057 47%/16%
No. Changes (15 mo.) 16 24 6 63%/75%
No. Changes (30 mo.) 22 28 6 73%/79%
No. Quality Reports 23 37 4 83%/89%
No. Waivers 36 40 2 94%/95%Mark Knodle, General DynamicsSpace Systems Division
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PDM market forecast
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PDM biggest vendors
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PDM end user investment
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PDM Functions
As PDM becomes implemented across
different industry sectors, functional priorities change.
Littlesupport
ProgramManagement
Product StructureManagement
Classification& Retrieval
partno Length
Screw
axy1234 10 mm
zvy3245 20 mm
dgf2345 30 mm
Workflow and ProcessManagement
ECOECO
Item and DocumentManagement
Drawings/Documents
NC
3D
SPEC
+ Support utilities
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Data vault
� Central storage for� Documents� Product configuration data� Product model data� Product individual data
� Maintains revision and status data (e.g. electronic approval)
� Files (drawings, documents, etc.) are managed as “objects”
� Check-out and check-in control� Query, browsing and reporting
� Benefits� Secure, distributed storage of
data� Elimination of redundant files� Managed data sharing among
team members� Managed electronic review and
approval� Management of data
relationships
� Based often on commercial relational data bases
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Data vault
PDM Server
Meta-Database
data
Managed referenced files
Object: DocumentDate: 1/1/95Project: MotorPart #: 8893-0ARevision: 2.3ADocument #: 4569-29File: A:\PDM\doc\motor\...Application: MS-Word 6.0
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� Item definition� Items from the PDM point of
view are those product related business objects which are frequently referred in product related processes, e.g. products, materials, documents, resources, activities. Use of standard items makes management and business transactions easier
PDM items
� PDM corner stones� Item categories
� Physical items� systems, assemblies, parts,
components, accessories
� Document items� Product models and
software� Service items
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Item views
� Life-cycle view� Item revisions
� Classification (type) view� Classification according to
product properties� Classification hierarchy
� Status view� Item approval level� Item efficiency
� Language view
� Structure view� Structures dependent on
processes� Sales (offer, sales order)
structure� Design structure� Manufacturing structure� Delivery structure� Installation structure� Maintenance structure
� Physical product structure � Functional structure� Spatial structure
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� Specifying code
� Parametric class hierarchy
A Basic mechanical materials and components
A2 Non-ferrous metals− A20 Sheets and strips
• A202 Coated sheets and strips
Fasteners (Length, diameter)
Screws (Length, diameter, thread length)
− Cross head screws (Length, diameter, thread length, head diameter, standard)
� Required to search and browse items efficiently� Standards: ISO 13584 Part Libraries, IEC 61360 electric
components classification scheme standard� Examples:
Item classification
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Basic item data
� Identification� Generally approx. 8 character
code� Classifying v. non-classifying� Local v. enterprize wide
� Description� Generally approx. 40
characters of cler text
� Classification� Helps to find items
� Revising� Revising method� Revision identification
� Status (recommendation class)
� Manufacturers, vendors� Other data
� Big systems: approx. 300 fields/item
� Item is specified to the level that is required by its user
� Reference documents
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Item revisions
� Warning: there is no approved terminology� When an item is changed a new version, which is also an item,
is created. It is� Revision. An item of this type is generated to replace its predecessor
immediately or after a transition period. Therefore, the new revision must be compatible (form, fit and function) with its predecessor.
� Variant. Variant concept is sometimes used for products, parts and items with small differences. An item in this group is related to a higher-level product type.
� Independent item. An item in this group is neither a variant nor a revision of any other item. The relation to its origin is lost. Example: a new independent product
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Document management
� Which document types?� Identification method for
documents, document revisions and variants
� Approval of documents� Security archives� Document tool integration to
PDM� WWW user interfaces
� Document structure� Document revisions� Document variants
� Equivalence of documents written in different languages
� Multilingual documents
� Subdocuments� Multipage drawings� Figure files� 3D models
� Representations� Original,, viewing and printing
formats
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© 2003 Crnkovic, Asklund, Persson Dahlqvist, ”Implementing and Integrating Product Data Management and Software Configuration Management”
Figure 2.5 Quantified BOM of a bicycle.
Tire HubSpoke
1 32 1
Saddle
Bicycle
Pedal WheelsHandlebars Frame
1 2 1 2 1
Product structure
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Product (breakdown) structure -general
� All structure items represent elements which can be delivered with the product. They are often physically attached to it. Product requisites like coatings, paints, welding wires, packages, adhesives, lubricants, chemicals are often left out of product structures.
� All items are identified with a code. A clear text description is required as support information.
� Physical products include only physical objects as components:� non-decomposable (atomic) component, e.g. bolt, integrated
circuit, cardboard package box, user manual� multipart component
� subassembly, e.g. phone receiver� kit (group, no assembly process), e.g. installation accessories
� other material, e.g. 50 m rope, 3 l oil� most common views: product (design/manufacturing), location
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Documents are linked to products:� Product - parts list, assembly drawing
� Often this link is built into the identification system
� Product - other manufacturing documents� Assembly instructions� Test instructions� Product specifications� etc.
� Product - deliverable documents� deliverable documents are items in product structure
Documents and product structures
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In addition to document links other type of items can be attached to product structures�Product - jigs, fixtures�Product - tools�Product - embedded software�Product - NC software
References
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1 Quality2 Attributes3 Materials4 Process
1 Quality2 Attributes3 Materials4 Process
Assembly drawing and BOM
Test Data
Analysis Report
Marketing Definition
Phone Receiver
Revision A
Revision B
Revision A
Revision B
Revision A
Revision B
Revision A
Revision ARevision A
Revision A
Revision A
Product structure links, revisions
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Modelling concepts
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Workflow management
� Defined and automated workflow/processes� By project, status level, product type, ...� Sequential, parallel, conditional steps� Voting rules and time-outs� Folder/package maintenance� Notification and distribution� Audit processes and actions “triggers”
� Process browse/reporting� Only for stable processes
� Change management� Document approvals� etc
� Change process phases� Change request (ECR,
Engineering Change Request)� Internal and external product
claims and messages
� Change proposal (ECP)� Consolidation of change
requests� Evaluation of change effects
� Change order (ECO)� Decided change actions
� Change follow-up� Registration of accomplished
actions
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� Communications, E-mail � Data transport� Data translation� Viewing and annotation� Image services� Administration
� System security control� System management� Password management
Utility functions
� Data security services� data redundancy, disk
mirroring� fault tolerant disks, RAID-
technology (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks)
� automatic back-ups� data encryption
� Authentication services� Authorisation services
� viewing authorisation� change authorisation
(approvals, document creation and changes, etc.)
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PDM system architecture
Application UserCAD/CAM, NC, Purchasing
Documentation, Etc.
CADPrivate Files
Managed Files
PDM Server
Meta-Database
data
PDM UserMultiple Applications
datadata
control
WEB server
WEBUser
IntranetObject: DocumentDate: 1/1/95Project: MotorPart #: 8893-0ARevision: 2.3ADocument #: 4569-29File: A:\PDM\doc\motor\...Application: MS-Word 6.0
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PDM system selection andimplementation
� Project definition� Evaluation of the current
status� System scope definition� Prioritised requirements/
feature summary / configuration plan
� Short list selection evaluation� Request for proposals� Demonstration / benchmark
requirements
� Demonstration / benchmark Evaluation
� Reference visit agenda� Reference visit evaluation� Proposal evaluation� Pilot project definition� Pilot project implementation
log� Pilot project analysis (vs.
benefit targets)� Final evaluation summary and
report
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PDM Summary
� Organisations which do not take PDM seriously will face difficulties
� The following factors increase PDM importance:� organisation size� internationality� product complexity� number of product variants
� PDM system implementation without management support becomes a failure
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Case: KONE Corporation
� World’s fourth largest elevator company, onne of the world’s leading escalator companies
� Modernization and maintenance of existing systems account for 2/3 of the revenue
� Growth from the automatic door service business � Present in more than 40 countries with some 800 service centers� Strategic alliance with Toshiba of Japan since 1998� Turnover: EUR 2,814 million� Personnel: 23,800 employees� Sales: 25,000 new elevators and escalators� Maintains about 520,000 elevators and escalators and more than
210,000 automatic building doors
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KONE business environment
� Distributed Order-Delivery Processes� Local front line companies (40 countries) and independent distributors for
sales, delivery, installation and maintenance� Global order engineering, production and logistics� A lot of the production subcontracted to partners
� Service Business� Long life cycles of product individuals
� ASEA-Graham Lift no 1: 1898� KONE Lift no 27: 1920
� Service and spare parts Information must be available
� Global, distributed, networked R&D� Global products with regional adaptations� R&D centers in all continents, complex, mass-customized products� A lot of subcontractors and partners involved in the R&D projects
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Documents at KONE
� Commercial Documents� Invoices, order confirmations, shipping
documents etc from ERP
� Process and Quality Documents: ISO9000 etc.
� Project Documentation� Project Plans, Specifications, Meeting
Minutes� R&D Projects: Studies, sketches,
informal Excel lists of whatever� Order Projects: Tendering documents,
Order-specific drawings and calculations
� Training Material, Product, Process and Organisational Training
� Product Documentation� Marketing Material (brochures etc)� Technical Instructions:
� Planning (PG) and Sales (DL) instructions� Owners/User's manuals� Product Descriptions and Ordering
instructions (SO)� Installation instructions (AM)� Service, Maintenance and Spare Parts
Instructions (AS,AR)
� Drawings� 3D Models, Assembly and Part drawings,
Parts lists, Configuration Instructions
� Testing instructions� Software Binary Files� Specifications, Certificates� Product Change Requests
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KONE document management systems
� Variantum EDMS (Engineering Data Management System), (www.variantum.com)� KONE Global PDM System� Product Documentation: Drawings, Instructions, Certificates� Parts and Product Structures with documents linked into the structures� Engineering Change Management
� Documentum (www.documentum.com)� Archiving of ERP data (old invoices etc.)� Production of technical instructions (XML-based information
management)� Management of some business process and quality documentation
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KONE EDMS
Statistics (13.10.2004):� Number of documents: 953205
(New in 09/2004: 25000)� Number of parts: 286664 (New in
09/2004: 1600)� Users: 6396 (New in 09/2004: 96)� Document files: 320 GB (New in
09/2004: 12GB)� Users in 09/2004: 2950� Amount of data transferred over the
WWW interface: 1.5GB / day
Software (Server)� Variantum EDMS Application Server� Database: PostgreSQL Version 8.0.3� WWW: CGI scripts written in the TCL
language (http://tcl.activestate.com/)� Full text indexing: Idzebra
(www.indexdata.dk)� Linux (Fedora Core 3)� Backup: IBM Tivoli TSM� Monitoring: Nagios (www.nagios.org)
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KONE EDMS – Main screen
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KONE EDMS- Drawing query
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KONE EDMS- Query results