Retales de Masoneria 016

7/30/2019 Retales de Masoneria 016

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/retales-de-masoneria-016 1/29

Kûo 9 ‚ Lµ ;8 Etào& 97;9

D` jol}dlamo md òz ky}æjtòz lo ydh`dek ldjdzkyakfdl}d d` wtl}o md xaz}k md k @ocak zalo õlajk q d~j`tzaxkfdl}d d` md zt kt}oy,

Zd maz}yaitqd d~j`tzaxkfdl}d woy dfka` q dl hoyfk}o WMH, Za tz}dm mdzdk wtiàjky k`co dl}yd dl jol}kj}o jol d` jooymalkmoy dl d`

dfka` alhdyaoy, Za mdzdk mdeky md ydjaiay`k joftlæ{tdò }kfiaál k` jooymalkmoy md` wyoqdj}o,

Dfka` md` jooymalkmoy5 yd}k`dzmdfkzoldyakGcf~,jof



9

Kûo 9 ‚ Lµ ;8 Etào& 97;9

[[,³,NN,³, }omoz k jkmk tlo dl zt cykmo qjolmajaúl,

@k jkl}amkm md ky}æjtòz ydjaiamoz woy dz}dntfa`md jooymalkmoy mdzmd `k zkàmk k` d~}d&yaoy md `k òcak md dz}k wtiàjkjaúl `d nk kyyo&

``kmo }kl}o woy `k jkl}amkm jofo woy `k jkà&mkm, Wojo k wojo dl lõfdyoz woz}dyaoydz zdayël wtiàjklmo,

Zal ëlafo md mdzfdydjdy k lkmad mdio kcyk&mdjdy zoiyd }omo k òz ndyfkloz md k``dlmd òzfkydz d` dlxæo md ztz w`kljnkz q dzjya}oz ktl&{td dzo fd oiàctd k }ykikeky fëz k` }dldy {td}ykmtjay k`ctloz md` amaofk iykza`dayo o mdàlc`áz

Zal dfikyco d` dzhtdyuo iadl xk`d `k wdlk qk{td loz wdyfa}d k òz md k{tæ d` jofwyoikyjofo `k Oymdl }ykikek dl o}yoz Oyadl}dz qkwydlmdy md d`òz2 jolhæo dl {td d`òz }kfiaál}dlckl jozkz {td kwydlmdy md lozo}yoz,

Kzæ wtdz cykjakz k }omoz òz Ndyfkloz md `k@ocak Ctk}afoual md `k Cykl @ocak md ZêoWktò woy wdyfa}ay tzky ztz }ykukmoz q woy d`dlxæo md o}yoz,

Cykjakz k` Ndyfklo Ndyidy} Oyd md WdyõCykjakz k` Ndyfklo Yoidy}o Kcta`ky

Q woy ztwtdz}o cykjakz k }omoz òz md k{tædzwkûo`dz alc`dzdz…,, {td nkl dlxakmo ztz}ykikeoz,

Hdàu `dj}tyk q loz xdfoz mdl}yo md tl fdz,

Tl ],³,K,³,H,³,Fkyao @úwdu .Jooymalkmoy !



:

@tmsab @deudy Ukfdlnoh

woy d` [,³, N,³, Fkyao @owdu ‚ @ocak Ydlkjafadl}o 4= ‚ C,³, @,³, D,³,

Yd`kjaúl jol `k fkzoldyæk

Iaocykhæk

D` dzwdykl}o

Jtyaozamkmdz

Yd`kjaúl jol `k fkzoldyæk

Ktl{td zt lofiyd kwkydjd dl àz}kmoz ojk&zaolk`dz md fkzoldz hkfozoz2 `k Cykl @ocak Lk&jaolk` md Woòlak lo wozdd jdy}ahajkmo k`ctlo mdzt alajakjaúl la mojtfdl}kjaúl k`ctlk {tdztcadyk {td htdyk tl fadfiyo md `kOymdl,

Zal dfikyco Uztuzkllk Idydlqafadfiyo md tlk kzojakjaúl fkzúlajkdzwdykl}az}k khayfk {td ò dyk fadl&}ykz {td Klmyá Jndywa`òm dl zt àiyo)Ukfdlnoh bke etmazfo) .Ukfdlnoh qEtmkæzfo! khayfk {td wyoiki`dfdl}dlo ò dyk,

Zdk jofo zdk zt oiykjtfiyd d` amaofk dzwdykl}okjkikyæk woy yd`kjaolkyzd jol

`k fkzoldyæk md }omkz hoyfkz

Iaocykhæk

Ukfdlnoh wyojdmæk md tlk hkfaàk etmæk zd&cõl zd majd d~wt`zkmk md Dzwkûk dl ;=19 {tddfacyú k wyaljawaoz md` zacò Â^ md Ikxadyk .wo&zai`dfdl}d md `k jatmkm Zkfnoh! k ]qbojal .Woò&lak ytzk! q fëz }kymd k Iak`qz}ob molmd lkjaú d`;4 md majadfiyd md ;>41 q ydjaiaú d` lofiyd nd&

iydo md D`#kuky }yklzjya}o dl òz mojtfdl}oz ytzozjofo @ëukyo2 zactadlmo `k joz}tfiyd zd `d mao}kfiaál tl zdctlmo lofiyd jyaz}aklo jol `k faz&fk alajak` @taz,

D` ftjnkjno htd k `k dzjtd`k md Iak`qz}ob dl&}yd ;>81 q ;>3: q mdzmd majadfiyd md ;>3: nkz}k

etào md ;>31 k` )Alz}a}t}o K`dfël) md Xkyzoxak,Mdzwtáz md moz kûoz md dz}tmao dl `k Hkjt`}km mdFdmajalk md Fozjõ q jtk}yo dl `k md Xkyzoxakydjaiaú zt }æ}tò md fámajo dl `k dzwdjakàmkm mdoh}k`foòcæk {td }dyfalú md jtyzky dl Xadlk

.;>>8!,Zd jkzú dl ;>>3 q nkz}k ;>13 itzjú wyafdyo

dl Xkyzoxak `tdco dl o}yoz `tckydz jofo ĭdyzol

q Cyomlo jàdl}d`k zthajadl}d md `k {td xaxay, K wyaljawaoz md ;>1> zd alz}k`ú mdhala}axkfdl}d dl d` ikyyao etmæo md Xkyzoxak molmd dedyjaú nkz}k zt

ftdy}d d` ;= md kiya` md ;1;3, @k wyohdzaúl fáma&jk `d wyowoyjaolú ftjnoz fëz zalzkioydz {td idldhajaoz2 mdiamo k `k woiyduk md ztz jàdl}dz}dlæk {td xaza}ky makyakfdl}d dl}yd :7 q =7 wkjadl&}dz k wdzky md ò jtk` cklkik zúò ò etz}o wkykckykl}auky tlk xamk fomdz}k k zt hkfaàk,

D` eoxdl Ukfdlnoh }dlæk tl }k`dl}o dz& wdjak` wkyk `kz `dlctkz2 ztz amaofkz lk}a&

xoz dykl d` ytzo d` wo`kjo q d` qamazn o etmdok`dfël ktl{td }kfiaál nki`kik

d` k`dfël jol h`tamdu2 woz}dyaoyfdl}dkwydlmaú `k}æl ndiydo hykljáz cyadcod alc`áz, Md dzwkûo` a}kàklo q k`ctlkzo}ykz `dlctkz }dlæk zúò jolojafadl}oz

iëzajoz, Wdyo zadfwyd jolzamdyú d` ytzojofo zt `dlctk fk}dylk .zúò dl d``k qdl dzwdykl}o dzjyaiaú wodzæk!

,Dz}d woàcò}azfo dyk zúò d` ydh`d&

eo md `kz jolmajaoldz dl {td xaxæk q{td lo wtmadyol mdeky md alh`tay dl d` wdlzkfadl}o md tl eoxdlzdlzai`d,

Md kjtdymo jol zt }dz}afolao qk dl zt alhkl&jak dl `k jatmkm md Iakŉqz}ob .{td dl k{td` dl}ol&jdz hoyfkmk wky}d md` Afwdyao ytzo ktl{td kj&}tk`fdl}d wdy}dldjd k Woòlak q molmd nkiæk af&

woy}kl}dz joftlamkmdz md wo`kjoz etmæoz ytzozk`dfkldz q à}tkloz! nkiæk oizdyxkmo júfo `kzmahdydljakz dl}yd òz wtdiòz k jktzk md `k maxdyza&mkm md `dlctkz q ydàcaoldz womækl jktzky zdyaozjolhàj}oz, Dz}o `d fo}axú wkyk itzjky tlk zo`t&jaúl k` wyoi`dfk q jol d` wkzo md òz kûoz htdmdzkyyo``klmo d` dzwdykl}o dl tl wyojdzo {td htd`kyco q `kioyaozo

Halk`fdl}d dl ;>>3 q jol `k kqtmk djolúfa&jk md zt ztdcyo òcyú wtiàjky tl ho``d}o dl d` {tdd~wolæk òz wyaljawaoz md `k ltdxk `dlctk dl d`@alcxo al}dylkjak, Kl}kŦwkyoò bke w`dlk `dyloà&

iyo .@dlctk Al}dylkjaolk`, Wydhkjao q àiyo md

}d~}o jofw`d}o! jol d` zdtmúlafo md Mob}oyoDzwdykl}o .{td dl dzwkûo` wtdmd }ykmtjayzd jofoMoj}oy Dzwdyklukmo!, Dz}k wk`kiyk woz}dyaoyfdl}dkjkiú woy jolxdy}ayzd dl d` lofiyd md zt jydkjaúl



=

àlcðæz}ajk, Dz}k wtiàjkjaúl zd mdlofalú woz}d&

yaoyfdl}d Tltk @aiyo .Wyafdy @aiyo!,

Ukfdlnoh ftyaú dl Xkyzoxak dl ;1;3, Ztz

}ydz naeoz .Kmkf Zohæk q @amak! wdydjadyol mtykl&

}d `k Zdctlmk Ctdyyk Ftlmak` k jktzk md` Noò&

jktz}o qk {td htdyol j`kzahajkmoz jofo )Etmdl)

.etmæoz! ikeo `kz `dqdz ykjak`dz, Mtykl}d d` Noò&

jktz}o zd d~}dyfalú wyëj}ajkfdl}d k `k }o}kàmkm

md `k woi`kjaúl etmæk md Woòlak dl}yd òz jtk`dz

jkza }omk `k hkfaàk Ukfdlnoh,

D` dzwdykl}o,Dl wojoz kûoz d` dzwdykl}o zd cklú ftjnoz

dldfacoz, K` zdy jydkmk woy tl etmæo q ztwtdz}ofkzúl Kmo`ho Na}`dy xao dl dz}k `dlctk tlk nd&

yykfadl}k womdyozk md `k afkcalkmk ‐jolzwaykjaúl etmdo&fkzúlajk‖ oy{tdz}kmk mdzmd Fozjõ, Lo

oiz}kl}d d` wyowao Z}kàl htd tl háyydo dldfaco md`kz amdkz md Ukfdlnoh, Dl DD,TT, d` dzwdykl}o

}kfiaál htd xaz}o jofo tlk kfdlkuk q ‚jofo

}k`‚ wdyzdctamo woy òz jkukmoydz md joftlaz}kz

jofklmkmoz woy d` zdlkmoy Eozdwn Fj&Jky}nq,

Fëz k``ë md `kz owozajaoldz k` dzwdykl}o .zo&

iyd }omo dl ëfia}oz t`}yklkjaolkàz}kz! xkyaoz

àlcðaz}kz ydjolojamoz jofo Kl}oald Fda``d} htd&

yol jolj`tqdl}dz5 ‐]omk mazjtzaúl }dúyajk dz xk&

lk5 «d` dzwdykl}o htljaolk+‖, Md ndjno dz tl

amaofk {td lo wozdd d~jdwjaoldz k `kz ydc`kz dz}dmd}k``d nkjd {td dl tloz }ydz fdzdz jtk`{tady wdy&zolk zdk jkwku md kwydlmdy ò zthajadl}d wkyk jo&

ftlajkyzd dl majnk `dlctk,

Za nkjdfoz tl ydwkzo md }omk `k naz}oyak jo&lojamk dljol}ykydfoz }ydz `dlctkz {td km{tayad&

yol cykl afwoy}kljak k laxd` al}dylkjaolk`5 d` `k}æl

.jofo `dlctk mahtlmamk woy d` Afwdyao Yofklo!

d` hykljáz .maxt`ckmk woy `k a`tz}ykjaúl q ztz amdk&

`dz ‐wyocydzaz}kz‖! q d` alc`áz .oyacalk`fdl}d jo&

fo ndyykfadl}k md` jofdyjao iya}ëlajo q fëz }ky&md wkyk mahtlmay d` jolztfaz}k ‐kfdyajkl skq oh

àhd‖!,

Dz dxamdl}d {td d` alc`áz zd nk kyykackmo htdy&

}dfdl}d dl d` õ`}afo zacò jofo amaofk kt~aàky

mofalkl}d mdiamo k `k cykl afwoy}kljak djolúfa&

jk q faà}ky k`jklukmk woy òz Dz}kmoz Tlamoz

mdzwtáz md `k Zdctlmk Ctdyyk Ftlmak` q `k jkæmk

md `k Tlaúl Zoxaá}ajk, Lo oiz}kl}d ktl{td d`

amaofk alc`áz zdk yd`k}axkfdl}d zdlja`ò q dz}t&

makyò zdk ydk`fdl}d ftq õ}a` .dz}o dz alldcki`d!zt kjdw}kjaúl jofo ‐`dlctk còik`‖ ‚t}aàukmk woy `kz fkjyo&dfwydzkz wkyk xdlmdy fëz q fëz wyo&

mtj}oz‚ afwàjk kjdw}ky tl zt}a` joòlakàzfo jt`&

}tyk` àckmo k `kz joljdwjaoldz fdyjkl}aàz}kz md`

ftlmo q md` zdy ntfklo,

D` dzwdykl}o jofo `dlctk jydkmk mdzmd jdyo

lo xaljt`kmk k lalcõl wkæz la amdk jofdyjak` jo&

ftlaz}k d}j `d nkyæk wdyhdj}k jofo `dlctk tla&

xdyzk`,

Dl d` Fklahadz}o md Wykck .;118! òz dzwdykl&

}az}kz mdj`kykyol5 ‐]omk `dlctk á}lajk dz}ë àckmk k

tlk jt`}tyk joljyd}k q k tlk lkjaúl o cytwo md

lkjaoldz, Woy dedfwò d` dz}tmakl}d md alc`ázkwydlmd kzwdj}oz md `k jt`}tyk `k cdocykhæk q `k

wo`æ}ajk md òz wkæzdz md nki`k alc`dzk wyaljawk`&fdl}d md òz Dz}kmoz Tlamoz q md `k Cykl Iyd}k&

ûk, D` dz}tmakl}d md dzwdykl}o kwydlmd {td xaxd dltl ftlmo zal hyol}dykz dl d` {td jkmk wkæz dz zt

nocky‖,

Mdzmd d` wtl}o md xaz}k fkzúlajo&alajaë}ajo

womdfoz khayfky {td k wyaljawaoz md` zacò ^^ zd

jydqú wozai`d {td d` dzwdykl}o wtmadyk zdy tlk

‐`dlctk alajaë}ajk‖ tzkmk woy òz mazjæwtòz md

maxdyzkz joyyadl}dz dzwaya}tkàz}kz wkyk jofwydl&

mdyzd dl}yd zæ, D~az}adyol wyoqdj}oz md ya}oz fkzú&

lajoz q yozkjytjdz tzklmo d~j`tzaxkfdl}d dz}d

amaofk q dl d` zdlo md òz ioq zjot}z d` htlmkmoy

Ikmdl&Wosd`` ztcdyæk k òz ftjnkjnoz5 ‐Za

mdzdkl wkyk zt wk}yt``k tl `dlctked zdjyd}o nkckld` dzhtdyuo md kwydlmdy dzwdykl}o, Lo dz mahæja` qò dlzdûkl dl tl wd{tdûo àiyo {td jtdz}k ;7 wd&

la{tdz, Dz}d `dlctked zd t}aàuk dl }omoz òz wkæzdzmd fomo {td womyël t}aàukyò dl }omkz wky}dz,‖

Dz}k fazfk amdk `k fkldeú wkyk tl wõiàjo kmt`}od` ydjolojamo dzjya}oy a}kàklo K`mo @kxkclala

.Fkcaz}dy! {tadl ``dcú k joljdiay o}yk `dlctk ky}a&

hajak` k `k {td ikt}auú ‐Folma @alctk‖ alzwaykmo

dl `kz amdkz md Ukfdlnoh q {td w`klahajú afw`d&

fdl}ky k }ykxáz md tl ya}o fkzúlajo tlaxdyzk` q

dzwaya}tkàz}k,

Majno md o}yo fomo5 kzæ jofo d` ftlmo wyo&

hklo nk kmow}kmo k` amaofk alc`áz .q }k` xdu k`

jnalo dl d` ht}tyo! jofo tlk `dlctk jofõl md`

fazfo fomo dl d` ftlmo alajaë}ajo zd nkjd ldjd&

zkyao d` tzo md tlk `dlctk {td wtdmk zdyxay md

ld~o dl}yd òz mazjæwtòz d alajakmoz,

Jofo ndfoz womamo xdy d` ndjno md {td htd&

yk jydkmo woy tl etmæo q wozai`d fkzúl {td zo&

jadmkmdz alajaë}ajkz jofo `k fkzoldyæk q òz yozk&jytjdz . woy fdmao md fadfiyoz md majnkz kzojak&jaoldz! zd wydojtwkzdl md` amaofk q ò xadzdl jo&



4

fo wozai`d amaofk tlaxdyzk` wkyk joftlajkyzd

dl}yd d`òz wtzo k` dzwdykl}o dl tl `tcky {td ltl&

jk htd itzjkmo woy zt kt}oy, Ukfdlnoh `dcú zt

amaofk wkyk }omo d` ftlmo wkyk }omoz òz nof&

iydz q lo wkyk tl cytwo o zojadmkm ‐zdjyd}k‖, Lo

wolco dl mtmk `kz itdlkz al}dljaoldz md @kxkcla&

la o md Ikmdl&Wosd`` wkyk tzkyò wdyo zt hal lo

dyk dzd,

Jtyaozamkmdz;>1>

D` d~ wydzamdl}d md `k Wyafdyk YdwõiàjkHykljazjo Wa q Fkyck`` mao k jolojdy d` dzwdykl}o

dl Fkmyam fdmakl}d tl ky}æjtò wtiàjkmo dl d` wdyaúmajo )D` ltdxo yácafdl) .dldyo md ;>1>!,

;1::

@oz lkuaz wyonæidl d` dzwdykl}o dl K`dfklak,@o fazfo nkjd Z}kàl dl `k Tlaúl Zoxaá}ajk, Dl

kfioz wkæzdz zd wdyzactd k òz dzwdykl}az}kz q zd

òz dlxæk k jkfwoz md joljdl}ykjaúl,

;14=

Mtykl}d zt kzkfi`dk cdldyk` dl Fol}dxamdo

.Tytctkq! `k TLDZJO kwyoiú tlk ydzo`tjaúl k

hkxoy md` dzwdykl}o q o}oyck k `k Kzojakjaúl Al}dy&

lkjaolk` md Dzwdykl}o d` dz}k}tz md )dl yd`kjaoldz

jolzt`}axkz),

;1>9

Jnalk al}yomtjd d` dzwdykl}o dl `kz dzjtd`kz

ztwdyaoydz md fkcaz}dyao,

Htdl}dz5 Hdmdykjaúl dzwkûo`k md dzwdykl}o dl `k sdi

Iaocykhækz q xamkzSabawdmak

@oco}awo al}dylkjaolk` md` dzwdykl}o ‚ @k `dlctk {td lkjaú jol `k amdk md nkjdyzd tlaxdyzk`

.@oco Al}dylkjak dzwdykl}o & @k àlcxo bat lkzbaĖaz btl `k amdo md aca tlaxdyzk`k,!



8

Fkzoldyæk q djtfdlazfo

woy d` X,³, N,³, Etkl Dtcdlao @dk` Ckyjak & Cykl @ocak md Jtik,

D` X,³, N,³, Etkl Dtcdlao @dk` Ckyjak dz

Fadfiyo md Ltfdyo md `k Zdjjaúl md Naz}oyak md`k Kjkmdfak Jtiklk md k`}oz Dz}tmaoz Fkzúlajozmd `k Cykl @ocak md Jtik,

@kz Jolz}a}tjaoldzdzdljak`dz q oyacalkyakz md`k Fkzoldyæk fomdylk zol`kz Jolz}a}tjaoldz md Kl&mdyzol wtiàjkmkz woy wya&fdyk xdu dl ;39:,

Dl òz Dz}k}t}oz dl d`Ky}æjtò A, Zoiyd Maoz q `k

ydàcaúl zd dz}ki`djd {tdtl fkzúl dz}k oiàckmo koidmdjdy `k `dq foyk` q lo wtdmd zdy k}do la ayydà&caozo, Mdek k jkmk tlo ztz wyowakz owalaoldz ydà&caozkz, Zæ `dz d~acd {td zdkl nofiydz md iadl`dk`dz md noloy q ydj}a}tm, Dz}kz jtkàmkmdz ‚ alft}ki`dz& zol `kz {td dz}ki`djdl q wyojtykl `kzcyklmdz ydàcaoldz jolojamkz5 d` Itmazfo Et&mkæzfo Az`kf q Jyaz}aklazfo,

[tadl jtfw`d d` Mdjëòco &{td loyfkl d` Et&mkæzfo q d` Jyaz}aklazfo& dz tl itdl naeo2 tl

itdl ndyfklo itdl dzwozo q itdl wkmyd dz md&jay tl itdl jatmkmklo {td jtfw`d jol `k `dq fo&yk`, Dz}ë dl kyfolæk jol Maoz q jol ztz zdfdekl&}dz ¿[tá òz mahdydljak za `kz dlzdûklukz htdyol}yklzfa}amkz woy Itmk Foazáz Fknofk o Edzõz?¿Kjkzo k`ctadl wtdmd wyd}dlmdy }dldy d` folowo&ào md Maoz?

Wydjazkfdl}d ò {td lo kjdw}k `k Fkzoldyækdz {td lalctlk alz}a}tjaúl zd jydk dl d` mdydjno mdkwyowakyzd md Maoz, @dz d~acd `k Fkzoldyæk k ztzfadfiyoz {td jtfw`kl jol òz àldkfadl}oz cd&ldyk`dz foyk`dz q á}ajoz {td joaljamdl dl ò htl&mkfdl}k` dl }omkz `kz ydàcaoldz, K` fkycdl mdjúfo jkmk tlk md d``kz mdlofalk k Maoz o za òjolzamdyk tl Maoz wdyzolk` o jo`dj}axo, @k mdzac&lkjaúl cdláyajk md Cykl Ky{ta}dj}o md` Tlaxdyzonkjd {td jkmk tlo mdl}yo md `k Fkzoldyæk jol&

zdyxd d` kwd`k}axo wky}ajt`ky q zd zadl}k amdl}ahajk&mo jol d` }áyfalo fkzúlajo mkmo {td }omkz `kzydàcaoldz joaljamdl {td htd ldjdzkyao tl Jydkmoyjofo loz majd d` Cáldzaz,

@kz Jolz}a}tjaoldz md ;39: htdyol ydmkj}kmkz woy moz wkz}oydz wyo}dz}kl}dz5 d` klcàjklo Edkl]náoha`d Mdzkctàdyz q d` wydzia}dyaklo Ekfdz Kl&mdyzol, @k afwyol}k klcàjklk fkyjú mdzmd zt

cáldzaz k `k Fkzoldyækfomdylk, D` klcàjklazfodz tlk joftlaúl5 `k jo&ftlaúl klcàjklk dz tlktlamkm .hd`òsznaw! mdl&}yo md `k Ac`dzak tlk zkl&}k jk}úàjk md maújdzaz

wyoxaljakz o Ac`dzakz yd&caolk`dz dl joftlaúljol `k Zdmd md Jkl}dy&

ityq,

K` actk` {td `k Fkzoldyæk d` foxafadl}odjtfálajo; mdid ftjno k `k joftlaúl klcàjklkqk {td dl}yd ztz waoldyoz }kfiaál dz}txadyol òzklcàjkloz, D` klcàjklazfo jydd dl tlk tlamkmxazai`d jo`dcak` al}dcyk` q oycëlajk dl `kz htdl}dzmd `k hd q d` oymdl htlmkfdl}k` md `k Ac`dzak zd

fkl}adld w`dlkfdl}d, @k dz}ytj}tyk dwazjowk` dzldjdzkyak wkyk d` wyowao mdzkyyo`ò md `k Ac`dzak,@o jtk` lo d~j`tqd zal dfikyco `k d~az}dljak mdtlk cykl maxdyzamkm md fklahdz}kjaoldz jt`}tyk`dzq lkjaolk`dz, @k Joftlaúl klcàjklk zd xd k zæfazfk jofo tl fomdò wyoxazaolk` md tlamkmtlaxdyzk`, K zt xdu `k Fkzoldyæk woy zt dz}ytj}t&yk oycklaukjaúl q tlamkm dl `k maxdyzamkm wydzdl&}k zafaà}tmdz jol d` klcàjklazfo, @oz cyklmdz

wyoi`dfkz ftlmak`dz q ztz afwàjkjaoldz á}ajkznkl dz}kmo wydzdl}dz dl d` foxafadl}o djtfálajo,Kzæ fazfo `k Fkzoldyæk zd jkykj}dyauk woy `k zdl&zaiaàmkm dl `kz jtdz}aoldz á}ajkz wdyzolk`dz q zo&jak`dz,

; @k wk`kiyk djtfdlazfo wyoxadld md `k wk`kiyk cyadckoabotfdld {td zaclahajk }adyyk nkia}kmk, Ktl{td }kfiaál `kdljol}ykfoz dl `k Iaiàk zaclahajklmo5 ftlmo .Ndjnoz;;59>! o Afwdyao Yofklo .@tjkz 95;!, K` fazfo }adfwo `k

ykæu md `k wk`kiyk oabotfdld dz oaboz {td zaclahajk jkzk tnocky q mk oyacdl k tlk zdyad md wk`kiykz jofo5 oabolofozkmfalaz}ykmoy o }dzoydyo2 oabolofak md molmd xadld `k wk`k& iyk djolofæk2 oabdayoz fadfiyo md `k hkfaàk kzæ jofoo}ykz {td }adldl yd`kjaúl jol d` nëia}k},



3

@oz etmæoz jol}yaitqdyol }kfiaál ‚dl wd{td&

ûk fdmamk& dl `k hoyfkjaúl md `k Fkzoldyæk fo&

mdylk k wyaljawaoz md` zacò ^XAAA dl Alc`k}dyyk,

Nkz}k dl}oljdz lo zd `dz wdyfa}æk wky}ajawky dl

ftjnkz kj}axamkmdz loyfk`dz md `k xamk, D` jol&

jdw}o a`tz}ykmo zoiyd `k tlaxdyzkàmkm md }omkz `kz

cdl}dz }ykeo jolzaco tlk zojadmkm molmd `kz

jyddljakz ydàcaozkz lo khdj}kikl ztz mdydjnoz

jofo jatmkmkloz, Zd wdyfa}aú cykmtk`fdl}d k òz

etmæoz dedyjdy ztz mdydjnoz md jatmkmklæk q zdctay

`k xamk {td mdzdkykl, D` etmkæzfo jofo ydàcaúl

htd khdj}kmo woy `k A`tz}ykjaúl fdmakl}d d` mdzk&

yyo`ò md` Etmkæzfo Ydhoyfkmo {td dlzdûk tlkjyddljak jol}altkmk dl òz joljdw}oz htlmkfdl}k&

`dz md `k ydàcaúl zal d~acay d` jtfwàfadl}o md `kzydc`kz dz}yaj}kz md oizdyxkljak, Ftjnoz etmæoz

jolzamdykikl zt aljoywoykjaúl k `k Fkzoldyæk tlkdfkljawkjaúl md `kz kl}actkz d~j`tzaoldz `dck`dz

q zojak`dz,

Dl}yd òz wtl}oz joftldz dl}yd `k Fkzoldyæk

q d` Etmkæzfo zd nkl zdûk`kmo òz zactadl}dz5

@k alft}kiaàmkm md `k @dq md Maoz jol}dla&

mk dl `k ]oykn joyydzwolmd k `k alft}kiaà&

mkm md òz cyklmdz wyaljawaoz fkzúlajoz

@k jyddljak dl Maoz q d` jofwoy}kfadl}o

á}ajo nkjak }omkz `kz cdl}dz,

@k alajakjaúl dl d` Etmkæzfo dz fdmakl}d `k

jayjtljazaúl q dl `k Fkzoldyæk fdmakl}d tlya}o md kjjdzo,

D` Etmkæzfo q `k Fkzoldyæk joaljamdl dl d`

cykl ydzwd}o k `k àidy}km md òz almaxamtoz,

D` ydq Zkòfúl q zt ]dfwò zol hactykzjdl}yk`dz dl `k ydàcaúl etmæk q dl `k Fkzo&

ldyæk,

@k dmtjkjaúl q d` wyocydzo md` jolojafadl&

}o zol amdk`dz joftldz md` Etmkæzfo q `kFkzoldyæk,

Dl Edytzk`ál d~az}dl noq ojno òcakz ikeo `k

etyazmajjaúl md `k Cykl @ocak md` Dz}kmo md Azykd`,Jkza }omkz t}aàukl `k `dlctk ndiydk wdyo tlk owd&

yk dl `dlctk alc`dzk, @k Cykl @ocak md Azykd` zdjydú dl ;1::, D` w`dlo ydjolojafadl}o md `k Cykl

@ocak Tlamk md Alc`k}dyyk zd dhdj}tú dl ;14: jol

}ydal}k òcakz alj`tamkz dl `k etyazmajjaúl {td noq

.9779! zol zd}dl}k, @kz Cyklmdz @ocakz md Alc`k&

}dyyk Hykljak K`dfklak q Dcaw}o wk}yojalkyol `k

jydkjaúl md òcakz dl Azykd`, Ktl{td `k fkqoyæk md

`kz òcakz }ykikekl dl `dlctk ndiydk lo hk`}kl `kz{td alj`tqdl k ëykidz&jyaz}akloz ftzt`fkldz o

mytzoz, Nkq }kfiaál òcakz {td zdzaolkl dl dzwk&

ûo`, D` zd`ò md `k Cykl @ocak md Azykd` alj`tqd

dfi`dfkz md `kz ydàcaoldz jyaz}aklk az`ëfajk q

etmæk,

Dl `k Fkzoldyæk `k Iaiàk dz jolzamdykmk `k

wyafdyk md `kz }ydz Cyklmdz @tjdz, Mdzmd `k Jol&

xdljaúl Fkzúlajk md ;>;: ‚ dl Alc`k}dyyk jtklmo

zd tlahajkl òz Ya}tk`dz& zd dz}ki`djaú `k @dq md

Ztz}a}tjaúl {td jolzaz}d dl kjdw}ky zoiyd d` Kyk

md tlk òcak ydct`ky d` @aiyo md `k Zkcykmk @dq

md` wtdiò {td jolz}a}tqd majnk @ocak, Jol `k

Iaiàk òz wtdiòz molmd zd wykj}ajkl `kz ydàcao&

ldz jyaz}aklkz zafioàukl `k wydzdljak md` Cykl

Ky{ta}dj}o md` Tlaxdyzo dl `k zdzaúl,

Md hoyfk amál}ajk zafiúàjkfdl}d `k wydzdl&jak md` Jydkmoy `k ckykl}auk jkmk tlo zdcõl `k

wyohdzaúl md hd kjoymd jol zt jt`}tyk q kzwaykjao&ldz ydàcaozkz, Dz woy dzo {td `kz òcakz md `k jat&

mkm md Dz}kfit` dl ]ty{tæk {td mdidl oidmadl&jak k `k Cykl @ocak Tlamk md Alc`k}dyyk joòjkl

zoiyd d` Kyk `k Iaiàk D` Joyël q D` Udlm Kxdz}k,

@o {td mdftdz}yk `k jol}yaitjaúl k `k kyfolæk d`

mdzkyyo`ò `k wku `k jofwydlzaúl q `k kjdw}kjaúl

md tloz q o}yoz mdl}yo md `k Alz}a}tjaúl,

Dz}k jolxaxdljak q kjdw}kjaúl ydàcaozk dz}k

tlamkm dl `k maxdyzamkm nk zamo jk}kòckmk jofo5

almahdydl}azfo q wyofazjtamkm ydàcaozk mdl}yomd `k Fkzoldyæk, Lo zd ydjolojd {td òz ya}tk&

`dz9

wky}ajt`kydz md jkmk cykmo zol tl zaz}dfkzafiúàjo k`dcúyajoz jtqo hal dz }yklzfa}ay dlzd&ûklukz foyk`dz á}ajkz q haòzúhajkz joftldz q

kjdw}kmkz woy }omk `k ntfklamkm d almtjay k `k

9 Ktl{td `k Fkzoldyæk lo dz tlk ydàcaúl d` ya}o }adld

d` fazfo zaclahajkmo {td dl jtk`{tady ydàcaúl o faz}dyao,Ya}o dl dz}d zdl}amo zaclahajk zdlja``kfdl}d jdydfolak`2 dz d`joletl}o md wk`kiykz zacloz cdz}oz q zæfioòz {td zd fkla&hadz}kl md fkldyk oymdlkmk q jolz}kl}d dl `kz ydtlaoldz o

}dlamkz fkzúlajkz, @o fazfo {td dl `k ydàcaúl jk}úàjk `kzjdydfolakz wtdmdl jd`diykyzd zdcõl d` ya}o yofklo d` ya}o

fouëykid òz maxdyzoz ya}oz oyadl}k`dz d}j, @kz mahdydl}dzoycklaukjaoldz fkzúlajkz kmow}kl dl jkmk jkzo d` ya}o {tdnkl kztfamo k` jolz}a}tayzd, Woy dzo d` ya}o kmdfëz md ztzaclahajkmo jdydfolak` zaclahajk }kfiaál tlk oycklaukjaúl

{td kmow}k dzd jdydfolak`, @o fazfo {td dl `kz Ac`dzakzjyaz}aklkz d~az}dl jdydfolak`dz maxdyzoz zdcõl jkmk tlk mdd``kz ‚ya}o yofklo ya}o oyadl}k` jk}úàjo ya}o cyadco oy}omo&~o ya}o klcàjklo ya}o wydzia}dyaklo ya}o `t}dyklo& kzæ dl `k

Fkzoldyæk jkmk tlk md `kz alz}a}tjaoldz {td dl d``k zd kcyt& wkl ‚ {td zd mdlofalkl jtdywoz o oidmadljakz fkzúlajkz&kmow}kl tl ya}tk` wyowao {td mdid zdy jofõl dl ò htlmk&fdl}k` wkyk }omkz `kz òcakz wdy}dldjadl}dz k dzk oidmadljak wdyo {td kmfa}d fk}ajdz o mahdydljakz md }awo ydcaolk` o

òjk` xkyakl}dz kwyoikmkz md` jdydfolak`, D` ya}o md `k Fk&zoldyæk dl Jtik dz d` Ya}o Dzjojáz Kl}acto q Kjdw}kmo, @kCykl @ocak md Jtik dz wky}d md` joletl}o md Cyklmdz @o&cakz jolojamkz jofo Fkzoldyæk ydct`ky ydjolojamkz woy `kCykl @ocak Tlamk md Alc`k}dyyk



>

ydh`d~aúl, Jkmk tlo òz kwàjk zdcõl ztz jofwyo&

fazoz joclozja}axoz,

@k Fkzoldyæk lo dz tlk ydàcaúl zal dfikyco

womdfoz ydhdyayloz k tl djtfdlazfo fkzúlajo,

Dl dzd zdl}amo `k Fkzoldyæk dz waoldyk dl}yd `kz

alz}a}tjaoldz ftlmak`dz dl ``dxky k xækz md ndjno

`k jolxaxdljak dl}yd wdyzolkz md mahdydl}dz jt`}t&

ykz q jydmoz, Dl }ykikeky fkljoftlkmkfdl}d wkyk

d` jydjafadl}o ntfklo foyk` dzwaya}tk` q zojak`,

Oied}axoz dz}oz md }omk ydàcaúl,

Tlk xdu {td `k wdyzolk ydjolojd zt jyddljakdl tl Zdy Ztwydfo lo zd jolzamdyk zt haàkjaúl k

tlk t o}yk ydàcaúl, Zd `d wamd {td zdk nolykmo qfoyk`, @k Alz}a}tjaúl nk ndjno ztqoz òz wyalja&

waoz md kfoy q jkyamkm md hoyfk {td &kõl zal zdy tlk ydàcaúl& zd htlmkfdl}k zoiyd wyaljawaoz }do&

`úcajoz, Zt }doòcæk dz joaljamdl}d jol d` zdcta&fadl}o md `k wyk~az:

}do`úcajk md Edzõz, Dl dzd

zdl}amo loz jolzamdykfoz naeoz md Maoz ndjnoz k

zt afkcdl q zdfdekluk jol àiyd kìdmyæo wkyk d`

iadl o wkyk d` fk`, Woy d`ò zd wyojtyk òcyky woy

fdmao md `k ykuúl `k dmtjkjaúl d` jolojafadl}o

q `k zkiamtyæk d` kjdyjkyloz k Maoz k ztz k}yait}oz

q wdyhdjjaoldz,

@k wyk~az }do`úcajk md Edzõz dz ydhdyamk k`

jofwyofazo joclozja}axo, Dz mdjay mdzmd òz woz&

}t`kmoz jyddljakz q dlzdûklukz kwydlmamkz dl `kalhkljak5 dl d` nocky `k zojadmkm q dl cdldyk` `kjt`}tyk dl `k {td zd nk lkjamo q hoyfkmo, Jydo

{td nk {tdmkmo j`kyo {td d` zaz}dfk fkzúlajo dzkiady}o zdcõl zdk `k wdyzolk q zt hoyfkjaúl wtd&

md `k ydhdydljak zdy Foazáz Edzõz Itmk Fknofkt o}yk kjdw}kmk dl `k zojadmkm q `k jt`}tyk molmd

zd mdzkyyo``d d` almaxamto,

Woy d`ò xdfoz {td d` alajakmo dl `k Fkzold&

yæk ‚ {td jofwydlmd q kjdw}k ztz woz}t`kmoz & lo

`d ydzt`}k kedlk `k maxdyzamkm ydàcaozk md `k naz}o&yak ntfklk, Zkid {td mtykl}d fa`dz md kûoz d`

nofiyd nk itzjkmo k Maoz woy ftjnkz zdlmkz, Md

:Htd Jkyòz Fky~ {tadl wtzo dl jayjt`kjaúl fomdy&

lkfdl}d `k wk`kiyk wyk~az, @k wk`kiyk cyadck wyk~az dz fëzkfwàk q wyohtlmk {td d` xojkiò wyëj}ajk qk {td jollo}k

jofwyofazo dl `tcky md kjdw}kjaúl kj}a}tm jyæ}ajk dl `tcky md jolhoyfamkm joljydjaúl dl `tcky md kiz}ykjjaúl q dlmdhala}axk ydxo`tjaúl o jkfiao ykmajk` k wky}ay md tlk ft}k&jaúl dl `k ykæu md` nofiyd o md `k zojadmkm, Woy d` jol}ykyao`k kj}axamkm wyëj}ajk o `k wyëj}ajk k zdjkz dz dl}dlmamk woy `k

joljadljak oymalkyak ‚md` }awo alfdmak}o wky}ajt`ky d almaxa&mtkàz}k& jofo kjdw}kjaúl dzwol}ëldk q ydwd}a}axk md òjo}amaklo jol tlk mozaz fëz o fdloz d`dxkmk md kàdlkjaúlo alfkmtydu woy zt jolhoyfazfo jol `kz wkt}kz jt`}tyk`dzmd `kz j`kzdz zojak`dz mofalkl}dz

knæ `k xkyadmkm aàfa}kmk md` nalmtazfo2 d` folo&

}dæzfo {td wyohdzkl òz etmæoz ftzt`fkldz q

jyaz}akloz2 `kz oyadl}k`dz5 d` zal}oazfo }koæzfo

itmazfo q jolhtjaklazfo, Zal acloyky d` klafaz&

fo `k fkcak `kz wyëj}ajkz dzwaya}az}kz q d` jnkfk&

lazfo, ]omkz dzkz fklahdz}kjaoldz lo zol fëz

{td al}dl}oz ntfkloz woy }ykzjdlmdy k`jkluky

w`kloz ztwdyaoydz {td ò kjdy{tdl k `k maxalamkm,

Jady}kz dlzdûklukz q jyddljakz zol jkza tla&

xdyzk`dz, @k fkqoyæk md òz wtdiòz md `k ]adyyk

dz}kfoz hkfaàkyaukmoz jol moj}yalkz jofo `kz

zactadl}dz5 d` k`fk ntfklk dz alfoy}k` nkq tlkydjofwdlzk jd`dz}ak` wkyk òz itdloz }oyfdl}o

d}dylo wkyk òz alajtoz dl tl alhadylo nkq tl Maoz}yalo o tlk maxalamkm jofwtdz}k woy ftjnoz mao&

zdz q tlk maozk {td zd ``kfk fkmyd md Maoz oydalk md òz jadòz, Kmdfëz md dzkz moj}yalkz nkq

ftjnkz `dqdlmkz q fa}oz {td }kfiaál zol cdldyk&`dz, Woy dedfwò nkq `dqdlmkz {td loz majdl {td

d` nofiyd jkqú md` hkxoy maxalo dl tl al}dl}o a`æ&

ja}o woy k`jkluky `k alfoy}kàmkm {td zd ldjdza}kl

zkjyahajaoz wkyk d~waky d` wdjkmo md `k iõz{tdmk

md tl ëyio` md `k xamk o tlk htdl}d md `k etxdl}tm

d}dylk md maozkz q zdfamaozdz {td xaxadyol dl}yd

òz ntfkloz q wyomtedyol wyo`d zoiydntfklk md

tl ma`txao jk}kz}yúhajo {td mdz}ytqú k jkza }omk `k

ntfklamkm,

@oz {td jyddl dl dz}oz fa}oz q `dqdlmkz xaxdlk cykl maz}kljak cdocyëhajk tloz md o}yoz, Ztz jt`&}tykz q }ykmajaoldz mahadydl q òz maz}alctdl, Ztz

joz}tfiydz zojak`dz lo dz}ël yd`kjaolkmkz tlkzjol o}ykz, Zal dfikyco dl d` }dyydlo ydàcaozo

jyddl }omoz dl d``kz o dl k`ctlkz md d``kz, Wkydjd&yæk {td nk d~az}amo tl joletl}o jofõl md joloja&

fadl}oz md` jtk` jkmk ydàcaúl zkjú ztz jyddljakz

iëzajkz k`ctlkz fëz o}ykz fdloz, K` wkzky d`

}adfwo dz}kz amdkz iëzajkz kjtft`kyol kmoyloz

fomahajkjaoldz q md dz}o zd mdzkyyo``kyol o}ykz

dlzdûklukz

]omkz `kz ydàcaoldz dl zt dzdljak }adldl wk&

ydjamoz joljdw}oz iëzajoz, Zd alhadyd {td dl wyal&

jawao }adldl tl oied}axo jofõl5 {td d` nofiyd zd

wdyhdjjaold nkz}k ``dcky k zdy tlo jol `k maxalamkm,

Dz}k dz `k amdk iëzajk, Jol d` }adfwo dz}oz yd`k}oz

d~wdyafdl}kyol k`}dykjaoldz q ``dckyol k zdy `k

}ykfk q `k tymafiyd md `kz ydàcaoldz dl }omkz wky&

}dz md` ftlmo, Dl o}ykz wk`kiykz `kz amdkz iëzajkz

zoiyd d` wyaljawao md` nofiyd q md `k kmoykjaúl

{td zd nk``kl dl `kz maxdyzkz ydàcaoldz md` ftlmo}adldl tlk fk}yau jofõl, @kz mahdydl}dz jt`}tykz q}ykmajaoldz `d nkl amo kûkmadlmo fomahajkjaoldz ‚



1

moj}yalkz q wyëj}ajkz wky}ajt`kydz& q md dz}kz zty&

cadyol `kz mahdydljakz, Dzk dzdljak o fk}yau jofõl

&md `k {td }omk ydàcaúl dz woy}kmoyk& dz `k {td `k

Fkzoldyæk }ofk jofo al}dcykmoyk md tlamkm dl `k

maxdyzamkm, Zt `k w`k}khoyfk iëzajk5 d` wdyhdjjao&

lkfadl}o ntfklo q zojak`,

Woy dzo zd wtdmd nki`ky md` djtfdlazfo fk&

zúlajo, @k Fkzoldyæk dlzdûk {td zd wtdmd k`jkl&

uky `k tlamkm dl `k maxdyzamkm ydàcaozk q dl òz

mdfëz kzwdj}oz md `k kj}axamkm ntfklk, [td òz

zdydz ntfkloz hoyfkfoz tlk zo`k hkfaàk tlamk

no`æz}ajkfdl}d dl}yd zæ jol d` Tlaxdyzo q `k maxa&lamkm, [td tlk htdyuk ztwdyaoy loz jydú2 ``ëfdzd

Maoz Ednoxë K`ë Ozayaz Iykfk Udtz OòhaKizo`t}o Jydkmoy2 dzoz lo zol fëz {td k`ctloz ‚

dl}yd o}yoz& kwd`k}axoz mkmoz woy mahdydl}dz cytwozntfkloz, Dl `k Fkzoldyæk zd `d mdlofalk md

hoyfk cdláyajk Cykl Ky{ta}dj}o md` Tlaxdyzo, Zdjolhæk dl D` wkyk {td loz a`tfald q nkjdy ydkàmkm

d` ztdûo md Etkl Kfoz Jofdlatz .;419&;837!

waoldyo md` Djtfdlazfo jtklmo d~wydzú5

Jady}kfdl}d dz}ë Dtyowk zdwkykmk md Kzakjofo ò dz}ë Ëhyajk md Kzak Kfáyajk md Ëhyajk

q òz ydaloz q wkæzdz dz}ël maxamamoz woy fol}k&ûkz q xk``dz yæoz q jkfwoz, Wdyo tlk zo`k }adyykloz zoz}adld q loz kàfdl}k k }omoz tl zoò kaydloz ydxaxd q kiykuk d` fazfo jadò loz jtiyd k}omoz d` fazfo zo` loz k`tfiyk ztjdzaxkfdl}dk }omoz q lozo}yoz }omoz jolxaxafoz dl tlkfazfk nkia}kjaúl t nocky }dyydlk` d` fazfokàdl}o md xamk k }omoz k}ykxadzk, Zofoz }omozjatmkmkloz md tl fazfo ftlmo5 Dl}oljdz¿[tá loz afwamd ydtlayloz dl tlk zo`k joft&lamkm q ikeo `kz fazfkz `dqdz? Zd d~}dlmadyoldl }adfwoz kl}actoz òz nofiydz woy d` ftlmoknoyk zd ydõldl dl joletl}oz jkmk xdu fkqo&ydz…, ¿{tá loz afwamd dzwdyky {td k` hal }o&moz jolz}a}taydfoz tlk zo`k tlamkm mtykmdykiadl oycklaukmk tlamk woy òz fazfoz `kuoz md`kz jadljakz `kz `dqdz q `k ydàcaúl?

Dl dhdj}o k }omoz òz zdydz ntfkloz dz jo&fõl tlk õlajk d amál}ajk lk}tyk`duk tlk zo`koycklaukjaúl md òz zdl}amoz md `k fdl}d md `kxo`tl}km q md }omkz `kz cyklmdukz md òz kj}oz,



;7

Wa`kydz còioz jo`tflkz q jklmd`kiyoz

woy d` X,³, N,³, Nkyyq Jkyy ‚ Fadfiyo @ocak alxdz}ackjaúl ‐[tk}oty Joyolk}a‖ ‚ Cykl @ocmd oh @olmol

Amaofk oyacalk`5 Alc`áz ]ykmtj}oy5 [,³, N,³, Idlekfæl

;, Al}yomtjjaol= Dl òz ztffolz hdjnkmoz d` 99 md majadfiyd

md ;18; kwkydjæk tlk iydxd lo}k ydhdydl}d k `kzjo`tflkz md òz Xaca`kl}dz {td k}ykeo jolzamdyk&

i`d k}dljaúl q jofdl}kyaoz,

Jofo kt}oy md `k lo}k q Zdjyd&}kyao md `k @ocak }txd {td ydz&

wolmdy k jady}o lõfdyo md jky&}kz kjdyjk md dzd q o}yoz }d&

fkz kzojakmoz, Mtykl}d d`jtyzo md dz}d }ykikeo zd nauooixak `k cykl jolhtzaúlkjdyjk md òz Wa`kydz cò&

ioz jo`tflkz q jklmd`dyozmdzmd `k al}yomtjjaúl kltdz}yo Ky}d q zoiyd }omo k`k jtyaozk hoyfk dl `k jtk`dzoz d`dfdl}oz .{td oyacalk`&fdl}d }dlækl tl `tcky dl d` ya}tk`q dl `k mdjoykjaúl woy za fazfoz!

knoyk zayxdl k tl wyowúza}o mtk` kcydcklmokõl fëz jolhtzaúl k` kztl}o,

D~az}dl kwkydl}dfdl}d moz ykuoldz wkyk }k`dzmahajt`}kmdz, Wyafdyo {td ndfoz jydjamo q kjoz&}tfiykmo k xdy ltdz}ykz òcakz md noq dl mæk mdjo&ykmkz fkz o fdloz tlahoyfdfdl}d k }k` wtl}o{td kjdw}kfoz dzk mdjoykjaúl q zt zafioàzfo zalmazjtzaúl&

Zdctlmo {td `kz mazdy}kjaoldz kjdyjk md`Jtkmyo md Maiteoz nkl ``dckmo k zdy ftq dzjkzkz}kl}o {td `k fkqoyæk md òz ndyfkloz lo dz}ë dlkizo`t}o hkfaàkyaukmo jol d` }dfk la jol òz wyo&

i`dfkz {td zd w`kl}dkl k` ydzwdj}o,

Dz}d dlzkqo zd nk jofwa`kmo wtdz lo jol `kal}dljaúl md ydzwolmdy }omkz `kz wydctl}kz {tdztyekl za }k` jozk htdyk wozai`d zalo wkyk zdwkyky òz maz}al}oz wtl}oz dl òz jtk`dz knoyk dz}kfozdlydmkmoz,

= Lo}k md` Jooymalkmoy, Ndfoz wydhdyamo }ykmtjay `k wk`kiyk Jykh} {td à}dyk`fdl}d zaclahajk ohajao woy Ky}djofo kwkydjd dl kl}actoz dzjya}oz ``kfklmo Ky}d Ydk` k` md`k Jolz}ytjjaúl

Jofo dzoz xkyaoz wtl}oz kwkydjdl dl ltdz}yoz

wyojdmafadl}oz fomdyloz ydzt`}k {td nkq tlkd~}ykoymalkyak fduj`k md ydhdydljakz ya}tk`dz jold~}ykûoz æ}dfz md mdjoykjaúl k`ctlo md òz jtk&

`dz }adldl tl oyacdl wtykfdl}d wyëj}ajo dl

}kl}o {td o}yoz zol }o}k`fdl}d zafiúàjoz,

Nd }yk}kmo md dlhydl}ky jol jkmktlo woy zdwkykmo foz}yklmo }kl}o

jofo wtdmk zt wyafdyk al}yo&mtjjaúl dl d` Ky}d q }ykuklmo

`kz maz}al}kz d}kwkz woy `kz {td

k}ykxdzú nkz}k ``dcky k ltdz&}yk kj}tk` hoyfk md dfw`do,

9, @oz wa`kydz D~}ykæmo md `k mazdy}k&

jaúl .@dj}tyd! md` Jtkmyo mdMaiteoz md` Zdctlmo Cykmo5

,®® òz moz cyklmdz wa`kydz{td dz}ël tiajkmoz k kfioz `kmoz

md` woy}k` md dl}ykmk,,,,,,, d`òz dz}ël

ntdjoz wkyk zdyxay jofo kyjnaxoz md `k hykljfkzoldyæk wtdz k``æ zd mdwoza}kyol òz yo&`òz md `kz Jolz}a}tjaoldz,,,, Dzoz wa`kydz dz}kiklkmoylkmoz jol moz jkwa}d`dz,,,, q ,,,, jol moz dzhd&ykz zoiyd `k jtk` zd mdàldkikl òz fkwkz md` cò&io }dyydz}yd q md` còio jd`dz}d foz}yklmo `kTlaxdyzkàmkm md `k Fkzoldyæk,,,,,,

9,;, @oz moz wyafdyoz wa`kydz dl d` ky}d,

@oz moz wa`kydz fkz kl}actoz dl `k à}dyk}tykmd ltdz}yo Ky}d dz}ël mdzjyaw}oz dl `k naz}oyak`dcdlmkyak md `k jtk` hoyfk wky}d d` Fkltzjya}oJoob hdjnkmo dl ;=;7 tlk md `kz fëz kl}actkzxdyzaoldz md òz Kl}actoz Jkycoz,

@k naz}oyak yd`k}k {td htdyol jolz}ytamoz woy òz naeoz md @kfdjn4 dl wydwkykjaúl k `k mdz}ytj&jaúl md` ftlmo woy htdco o zklcyd,

4 Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 Wdyzolked fdljaolkmo dl `kIaiàk jtqo lofiyd mdyaxk md` ztfdyao `tfck wk`kiyk {td

dz tl }æ}tò md` maoz Dk wk}yolo md `k fõzajk,@kfdj ydwydzdl}k `k dxo`tjaúl md `k jt`}tyk `k jtk`xdfoz jyaz}kàukmk jol ztz moz ftedydz Kmk q Ua`k jtqozlofiydz zaclahajkl kmoylo o id``duk q zofiykz ydzwdj}axk&fdl}d, ]kfiaál òz lofiydz md ztz naeoz zol ftq zaclahajk&



;;

Tlo md òz wa`kydz dyk md fëyfo` q d` o}yo md

®`kjdytz ®, woy{td d` wyafdyo lo womæk {tdfkyzd q

d` zdctlmo lo womyæk zdy ®knockmo ®.ztfdycamo!,

@oz wa`kydz htdyol mazdûkmoz jofo tl fdmao

md wydzdyxky ,,,,,,® }omkz `kz jadljakz {td wtmadykl

nk``ky,,,®®

@k hdjnk md dz}k `dqdlmk loz ``dxk k òz wya&

fdyoz dzjya}oz kwújyahoz q dl d` jtyzo md òz za&

còz ztycadyol tlk jkl}amkm md xkyakl}dz dl `k jtk`

d` yd`k}o md òz wa`kydz almdz}ytj}ai`dz wdyfkldjaújolz}kl}d ktl{td zt dydjjaúl htd k}yaitamk k ná&

yodz mahdydl}dz, Kzæ Eozdho zd ò kmetmajk k Zd}n8

dl }kl}o {td o}yk xdyzaúl kwújyahk majd {td htdyol

dmahajkmoz woy Dlojn3,

Woy k`ctlk ykuúl loj`kykfdl}d d~wàjkmk `kz

wyafa}axkz Jolz}a}tjaoldz

md` Fkltzjya}o hkxoydjdl

k òz naeoz md @kfdjn

jofo òz wyaljawk`dz md

dz}k kl}actk `dqdlmk `k

jtk` htd al}yomtjamk dl òz

}d~}oz wkyk foz}yky júfo

}omkz `kz jadljakz joloja&

mkz zd wydzdyxkyol wkyk `k

ntfklamkm woy dz}k kl}a&ctk waduk md` }ykikeo wyëj&}ajo md `k fkzoldyæk,

@oz Kl}actoz Jkycoz zd mazdûkyol wkyk mdlo&

}ky `k kl}acðdmkm q `k afwoy}kljak md` Ky}d zadlmok`}kfdl}d zaclahajk}axo {td òz moz wa`kydz md Zk&

òfúl lo kwkydjdl dl `kz wyafa}axkz xdyzaoldz,

}axoz5 Ekik` Etik` q ]tik` {td ydwydzdl}kl `kz mahdydl}dzhoyfkz md wyomtjjaúl k zkidy wkz}oydz fõzajoz q fd}k`õy&cajoz,

8 Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 Zd}n o Zd} htd d` }dyjdy naeo

md Kmël q Dxk òz wyafdyoz zdydz ntfkloz dl `k Jydkjaúlzdcõl d` etmkæzfo q d` jyaz}aklazfo, Zdcõl d` yd`k}o md`Cáldzaz Kmël }dlæk ;:7 kûoz jtklmo }txo k Zd}, Jol dz}d

naeo majd Dxk Maoz `d ztz}a}tqú k` hk``djamo Kid` .Cáldzaz=594!,

3 Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 Dloj .k xdjdz }yklzjya}o jo&fo Dlojn! dz dl d` àiyo md` Cáldzaz md` Kl}acto ]dz}k&fdl}o md `k Iaiàk d` lofiyd md xkyaoz wdyzolkedz Iæiàjoz

fdljaolkmoz dl moz cdldkòcækz q woz}dyaoyfdl}d woy ft&jnoz kt}oydz etmæoz jyaz}akloz q ftzt`fkldz5

Dl dz}d jkzo wkydjd ydhdyayzd k` naeo md Ekydm mdzjdl&madl}d md Zd} naeo md Kmël wkmyd md Fk}tzk`ál kitdò md@kfdj q iazkitdò md Loá,

Mkxam q Zkòfúl zd fdljaolkl dl}yd tlk `ky&

ck àz}k md wdyzolkàmkmdz iæiàjkz d naz}úyajkz ,,,,,

jolhayfklmo ztz jkycoz wdyo d` }dfwò md Zkò&

fúl ydjaid zoò tlk fdljaúl jkztk` q md òz wa`k&

ydz lo zd nki`k,

Jol }omo dz}o zkjkfoz dl jolj`tzaúl {tddl òz zacòz jk}oyjd q {taljd òz moz wa`kydz mdZkòfúl lo }dlækl tlk dzwdjak` zaclahajkjaúlwkyk d` fkzúl md ohajao,

9,9, @oz wa`kydz md Zkòfúl dl d` ya}tk`,@k wyafdyk kwkyajaúl md òz wa`kydz md Zkò&

fúl dl d` ya}tk` md` Ky}d dz}ë dl d` DmalitycnYdcaz}dy Notzd F,Z, md ;818 mdl}yo md tl jk}d&

jazfo jol `kz jdydfolakz md `k Wk`kiyk md` fkzúl,

@k fdeoy q fëz kl}actkydhdydljak k `k Wk`kiyk md`

fkzúl mk}k md ;8:3 dl tlk

dl}ykmk md` makyao md` Jolmd

md Ynomdz q za iadl lo zd

mdzjyaid tlk jdydfolak dl

d` ydcaz}yo dz ykuolki`d

kztfay {td `kz jdydfolakz

md `k wk`kiyk md` fkzúl

htdyol jolojamkz q wykj}a&

jkmkz dl dzk áwojk,

D` Dmalitycn Ydcaz}dy Notzd F,Z, dz d` mojtfdl&

}o {td d~az}d fëz kl}acto molmd zd mdzjyaidl òz wyojdmafadl}oz ydk`dz md `kz jdydfolakz, D` }d~}o

dz}ë dl moz wky}dz, Tlk zdjjaúl dljkidukmk jofo®@k hoyfk kl}actk md mky `k wk`kiyk md` fkzúl ®

mdzjyaid `k fkldyk md kmfa}ay k tl kwydlmau al&

j`tqdlmo tl etykfdl}o tlk hoyfk md zk`tmo q

jady}oz fomoz hæzajoz q xdyik`dz md ydjolojafadl&

}o, Nkq }kfiaál tl wyojdmafadl}o zdwkykmo wdyo

zafa`ky wkyk d` jofwkûdyo o fkdz}yo dl d` oha&jao,.Dl k{td`òz }adfwoz zoò zd jolojækl moz

cykmoz!,

@k zdctlmk wky}d md dz}d }d~}o dz tl jk}djazfo

md tlkz ;3 wydctl}kz q ydzwtdz}kz {taljd wkyk d`

kwydlmau ydjolojamo q o}ykz moz wkyk d` H,J o

Fkdz}yo®,,.Hd`òs Jykh}!,

Dz wyoiki`d {td }k`dz wydctl}kz etl}o k `k

wyofdzk q zk`tmo ydwydzdl}kykl d` }o}k` md` }ykikeo

xdyik` md `k jdydfolak md k{td`òz }adfwoz,

@kz wydctl}kz zol md moz j`kzdz5



;9

k! Wydctl}kz md wytdik jol wyowúza}oz md yd&

jolojafadl}o,

i! Wydctl}kz alhoyfk}axkz jol d` wyowúza}o md

alz}ytjjaúl q d~wàjkjaúl,

Dl}yd `kz õ`}afkz nk``kfoz òz wyafdyoz ik&

zkfdl}oz md` zafioàzfo fkzúlajo,

Tlk wydctl}k dl d` jk}djazfo md ;818 q zdaz

md òz }d~}oz {td iadl wyol}o `d zactadyol majdl5

Wydctl}k5 & ¿Molmd dz}kik `k Wyafdy @ocak ? Ydzwtdz}k5 & dl òz woy}k`dz md` ]dfwò md Zk&

òfúl,

Knoyk iadl d` fkltzjya}o Dmalitycn Ydcaz}dy Notzd dz tl }d~}o jofw`d}o q lalctlk md ztz wky&

}dz zd nk wdymamo la }ykzhoyfkmo mtykl}d òz 987kûoz }yklzjtyyamoz mdzmd {td htd ydmkj}kmo dl

;818,

Dl dhdj}o d~az}dl xkyaoz }d~}oz yd`kjaolkmoz

dl òz zactadl}dz 97 kûoz {td mdftdz}ykl kf&

wàkfdl}d zt al}dcyamkm,

Woy ò }kl}o dz ``kfk}axo {td dl dz}d cytwo

jofw`d}o md }d~}oz òz moz wyafa}axoz wa`kydz md

òz naeoz md @kfdjn xay}tk`fdl}d nkqkl mdzkwk&

ydjamo, ]dlkufdl}d zal dfikyco tlk fdljaúl kd`òz kwkydjd dl k`ctloz md òz mojtfdl}oz ya}tk&`dz mdzmd ;818, Woy dedfwò d` Fkltzjya}o Mtf&

hyadz Ltf, ,= dl tlk wydctl}k yd`kjaolkmk jol `kloi`d jadljak o ky}d wdymamo ,,, ®majd

{td,,, zd `k nk``ú dl moz wa`kydz md wadmyk tlo

md òz jtk`dz lo wtdmd {tdfkyzd q d` o}yo lo wtd&

md ztfdycayzd ®,,,

Dz}d }d~}o alfdmak}kfdl}d jol}alõk jol tlk

ydhdydljak k `k d`djjaúl woy wky}d md Zkòfúl mdòz lofiydz wkyk òz wa`kydz mklmo tlk d~wàjk&

jaúl md `k htzaúl md `kz lo}ki`dz jkykj}dyæz}ajkz md

òz Wa`kydz md Zkòfúl jol d` wyafa}axo wky kl}d&

ma`txaklo, Wtdmd xdyzd dl}oljdz {td jtklmo `kz

jdydfolakz zd mazdûkyol o ydmazdûkyol wkyk kzo&

jaky`k k` ]dfwò md Zkòfúl òz wa`kydz md dzd

}dfwò zd kmow}kyol dl `tcky md` wky wyafa}axo

{td ekfëz htd ydz}ktykmo,

Dz xdymkm {td lo d~az}dl wytdikz md {td òz

wa`kydz wyafa}axoz d almdz}ytj}ai`dz nkqkl k`ctlkxdu hoyfkmo wky}d md tlk jdydfolak md kmfa&zaúl wdyo }kfiaál ò dz {td zkidfoz wojk

jozk kjdyjk md }k`dz jdydfolakz dl ztz hoyfkz

fëz kl}actkz,

@o jady}o dz {td òz wa`kydz md Zkòfúl }o&fkyol afwoy}kljak dl d` ya}tk` md` ohajao yd&jaál dl k`cõl fofdl}o dl}yd ;477 q ;818,

K wky}ay md dzk wyafdyk fdljaúl dl òz }d~}oz

md ya}tk`dz wyafa}axoz dzoz moz wa`kydz ``dckl k zdy

wky}d ydct`ky md `k mdjoykjaúl md `k òcak q dz

wozai`d zdctay`k mdzmd dzk }dfwyklk al}yomtjjaúl

nkz}k zt kj}tk` za}ao dl `k zk`k md `k òcak jofo zd

xd5

;, @k wyafdyk kwkyajaúl dz wky}d md tlk wyd&ctl}k dl d` jk}djazfo jol ftjnk dxamdljak kma&

jaolk` md {td }adld tl zaclahajkmo dzo}áyajo,

@oz wyafdyoz jk}djazfoz zol dzwdjak`fdl}dal}dydzkl}dz k` ydzwdj}o woy{td almajkl `k wyoik&

iaàmkm md {td òz moz lofiydz wkyk òz wa`kydz md

Zkòfúl k`ctlk xdu zd yd`kjaolkikl k òz

Kwydlmajdz kmfa}amoz,

9, Zd maitekikl zoiyd d` wazo md `k òcak jol

}auk q jkyiúl xdcd}k` hoyfklmo wky}d md `kz fëz

kl}actkz xdyzaoldz md ltdz}yo fomdylo Jtkmyo md

Maiteoz, Dl majadfiyd md ;3:: `kz falt}kz md

`k òcak O`m Balcz Kyfz Ltf, 9> ydcaz}yk d` wya&

fdy wkzo nkjak `k jofwyk md tl }kwau o jkywd}k wkyk d` wazo,

@oz maiteoz zoiyd d` wazo md `k òcak dz}ël yd&caz}ykmoz dl `kz falt}kz md `k kl}actk Mtlmdd

@omcd Ltf ;> hdjnkmkz dl ;3=>,

@k jky}k Ndykt`} md ;3:3 mdzjyaid dzd maiteo

q `k ® Oymyd mdz Hykljfkjolz® kwoy}k dxamdljak

md {td `kz jkywd}kz o }kwajdz qk dz}kikl dl tzo dl

xkyakz òcakz,

Dz}o õ`}afo dz tlk ydhdydljak hykljdzk wdyo

nkq kfwàk dxamdljak md `k fazfk wyëj}ajk dl Al&

c`k}dyyk,

Dl}yd ;387 q ;384 xkyaoz dzjya}oz alc`dzdz md`

wdyæomo almajkl {td òz Xaca`kl}dz }dlækl jkmk tlo

tlk jo`tflk ydwydzdl}klmo tlo md òz wa`kydz

jofo wky}d md zt d{tawkfadl}o wdyzolk` dl `k ò&

cak, D` zactadl}d d~}ykj}o dz }æwajo,,,,,® &&&

D` Zdlaoy klm Etlaoy Skymdl . Wyafdyo q Zd& ctlmo Xaca`kl}dz! ``dxkl zdlmkz jo`tflkz dl `kfklo `kz jtk`dz ydwydzdl}kl `kz moz jo`tflkz



;:

md` woy}k` md` }dfwò md Zkòfúl Ioku q Ekbaf,

D` Wyafdy Xaca`kl}d dz Ioku o Hoy}k`duk q d` Zd&

ctlmo dz Ekbaf o dz}ki`djdy,®

Halk`fdl}d òz moz wa`kydz kwkydjdl jofo

wadukz md mdjoykjaúl jol tlk k`}tyk md jtk}yo k

ojno wadz tiajkmkz tztk`fdl}d dl d` d~}ydfo

ojjamdl}k` md `k òcak,

@kz wyafdykz mdzjyawjaoldz md `k mazwozajaúl

md `k òcak dl òz ;377 ftdz}ykl kfioz Xaca`kl&

}dz zdl}kmoz dl d` odz}d dlhydl}klmo k` Xdldyki`d

Fkdz}yo q jdyjk md òz moz wa`kydz hoyfklmo tlkdzwdjad md woy}k` dl}yd òz jtk`dz mdid wkzky d`

jklmamk}o mtykl}d zt kmfazaúl joz}tfiyd {td noqzd fkl}adld dl ftjnkz òcakz &

Dz jkza zdctyo {td áz}k htd `k õ`}afk d}kwk md

mdzkyyo`ò ktl{td k`ctlkz òcakz wtdmdl nkidy wozdæmo wa`kydz dl tlk áwojk jofwkyk}axkfdl}d

}dfwyklk,

Jtklmo jolzamdykfoz júfo ftjnoz zkò&

ldz md òcakz dl dzwdjak` dl wyoxaljakz df&

w`dkl d`dxkmoz wa`kydz loz zoywydlmd {td dl òz

alxdl}kyaoz md` zacò ;> q ;1 lo zd nkck fdljaúl

k d`òz,

Wyoiki`dfdl}d htd woy{td dykl wky}d md `k md&

joykjaúl md òz Fkzolaj Nk``z wdy}dldjadl}dz kòz Zdûoydz q lo k kz òcakz {td nkjækl tzo mddzoz zkòldz, Kzæ zdctafoz d` ykz}yo md òz moz

wa`kydz mdzmd zt wyafdyk kwkyajaúl jofo wky}d mdtlk jtdz}aúl dl tl jk}djazfo k }ykxáz md xkyakz

d}kwkz md mdzkyyo`ò nkz}k ``dcky k ojtwky tl za}ao wyofaldl}d dl `k mdjoykjaúl md `k òcak,

Wdyo `kz wyëj}ajkz fomdylkz ydzwdj}o k òz wa&

`kydz lo jtdl}kl jol tlklafamkm,

Woy dedfwò dl @olmydz nkq tlkz wojkz ò&cakz {td }adldl d`dxkmoz wa`kydz wdyo zadfwyd

kwkydjdl ydwydzdl}kmoz dl d` zdctlmo Jtkmyo md

maiteoz q jofo falak}tykz dl òz za}ak`dz md jkmk

Xaca`kl}d,

:, Jkwa}d`dz còioz q jtdljoz, @k mdzjyawjaúl iæiàjk md òz wa`kydz md Zkò&

fúl wydzdl}k ftjnoz wyoi`dfkz dzwdjak`fdl}d

ydzwdj}o k ztz mafdlzaoldz q oylkfdl}kjaúl, Wkyk

lozo}yoz òz jkwa}d`dz còioz o jtdljoz dl zt

jõzwamd zol md wky}ajt`ky al}dyáz mdiamo k òzmdzkyyo`òz md` ya}tk` q `kz d~wklzaoldz md `k jdl&}tyak madjaojno,

Dl dz}d wyoi`dfk dl wky}ajt`ky }omo mdwdlmd

md `k al}dywyd}kjaúl md òz }d~}oz oyacalk`dz nd&

iydoz,

@oz jkwa}d`dz kwkydjdl dl A,Ydqdz XAA;8 ®®

,,,,, Q d` hkiyajú moz jkwa}d`dz,,,

@k wk`kiyk dz,,,,Bo&}noy&o}n {td zaclahajk jk&

wa}d` o joyolk,

Halk`fdl}d dl d` xdyzæjtò =; zal fdljaúl md

lalcõl }ykikeo woz}dyaoy d` }d~}o nki`k md,,,,®,òz moz wa`kydz q òz moz jtdljoz md òz jkwa&

}d`dz,,,,]kfiaál nki`k md hòydz md ò}o zoiyd òzfazfoz,

®@k dzjya}tyk ndiydk majd Cooò}n&nk&bo&

}noy q `k wk`kiyk Cooò}n dz d` wyoi`dfk,

Cooò}n .dl zalct`ky! zaclahajk tlk io`k o

còio q }kfiaál tl jtdljo o iklmdek jol xkyakz

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loz Jtkmyoz md Maiteoz q mdjoykjaoldz kzojakmkz

loz nkl kjoz}tfiykmo k `k amdk md {td òz moz

wa`kydz md Zkòfúl dz}ël joyolkmoz jol jkwa}d`dz

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jkwa}d`dz ftdz}ykl {td lo }dlækl jdy}duk md júfodyk `k kwkyadljak md òz wa`kydz,

Woy dedfwò }ofdfoz `k Iaiàk md Cáloxk

md ;487 tlk ftq fkltki`d q wowt`ky dmajaúl

a`tz}ykmk {td ftdz}yk ftjno md ò dfw`dkmo woy

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jtdljo ydmolmo,

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fazfoz hoyfk md jtdljoz q {td lo }dlækl zoiyd

d`òz la jtdljoz la dzhdykz,

Ktl{td òz còioz htdyol halk`fdl}d kmow}k&

moz jofo wky}d md `k mdjoykjaúl fkzúlajk q jk& idjdyk md òz wa`kydz md Zkòfúl ò jady}o dz

{td htd tl wyojdzo ftq `dl}o q mtykl}d `k fkqoy

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dl `k wyëj}ajk md }k` kztl}o,

D` ]YKNA. @k fkzoldyæk }ykajaolkmk! tlo md

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yaoz cykikmoz {td wydzdl}kl tlk @ocak md Ydjdw&

jaúl,

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@k zdjjaúl md Kwydlmau jol}adld a`tz}ykjaoldz

md òz moz wa`kydz fkyjkmoz I q E kfioz md oy&

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tlk j`kzd md còio jd`dz}d tzkmo dl kz}yolofæk

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mkmk dl ;3:> }txo tl wdyæomo md alkj}axamkm nk&

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Jkek jol Còioz q zowoy}dz®&

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}yo,

@o fazfo dl `k òcak K`` Zot`z Ltf,;37 htl&

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wdmdz}k` md }ydz wk}kz q tiajkmo dl d` ztdò md `k

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tl jtdljo md iyoljd ftq cyklmd, ]omo dz}o mk}k

md` zacò ;>,

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}owd md òz wa`kydz Iq E,

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;4

Dl d` hyol}azwajao md `kz Looy}ntjbz Jolz}a}t&

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woyjaúl ky{ta}dj}úlajk ydwydzdl}k d` al}dyaoy md`

dl}oljdz Hyddfkzol Nk``,

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wky}d md` ketky md `kz òcakz,

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al}yomtedyol `kz dzhdykz o òz còioz jofo tlo

md òz zæfioòz dl òz maiteoz md` wazo o jtkmyomd }ykukmoz, Lo nkq wytdikz {td ftdz}ydl {td

dz}o kwkydjæk dl d` jk}djazfo,

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lalctlo,

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jol còioz qk kwkydjdl jol hydjtdljak dl `kz a`tz&

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moz jofo wky}d md `k mdjoykjaúl md `k òcak dz}k&

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zacò ;>

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D~az}dl }kfiaál jtdz}aoldz fëz hydjtdl}dz

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ldz,

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;8

zæfioòz md `k òcak alj`tqdlmo moz wa`kydz jol

ztz còioz tlo jol tl fkwk ioyyozo q o}yo j`k&

ykfdl}d fkyjkmo jol dz}yd``kz,

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ioz ! almajkl tl wyohtlmo al}dyáz fkzúlajo dl

òz còioz jd`dz}d q }dyydz}yd mtykl}d `k jdl}tyak

madjaojno,

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zt A``tz}yk}aol

oh Fkzolyqdmajaúl md

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mk k `kz zad}dky}dz àidyk`dz q

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tl d~jdwjaolk` }ykikeo md alcdladyæk,

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moydz md yo`òz md k`ctlk j`kzd la {td Zkòfúl

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lk`dz®,

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moz wa`kydz wyafa}axoz dl òz jtk`dz ®}omkz `kz

jadljakz® htdyol wydzdyxkmkz,

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3, ]ydz wa`kydz q }ydz jklmd`kiyoz, D~}ykj}kmo md `k jdydfolak md Alajakjaúl2

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Jtkmyo md Maiteoz5

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d`òz jofo òz }ydz fkz jolojamoz {td zol Eúlajo

Múyajo q Joyal}ao ®,

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jaúl dl òz jk}djazfoz q wtiàjkjaoldz,

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q jolcyk}t`kjaoldz d` jtdywo md` }ykikeo ya}tk` zd

jofwolæk md wydctl}kz q ydzwtdz}kz alj`tqdlmo

k{td``kz {td qk foz}ykikl òz wyafdyoz al}dl}oz

zdlja`òz md al}dywyd}kjaúl dzwdjt`k}axk,

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;3

®@kz wyafdykz q fkz jolzaz}dl}dz zol5

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Wydctl}k5 ¿Nkq eoqkz dl xtdz}yk òcak ?

Ydzwtdz}k&5 Zæ ]ydz,,,,

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`k fëz kl}actk xdyzaúl md jk}djazfo md` Dmal&

itycn Ydcaz}dy Notzd FZ, md ;818 q jol xkyak&

jaoldz dl }omkz `kz xdyzaoldz k }ykxáz md` zacò

madjaojno,

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W5 ¿ Jtël}oz wa`kydz nkq dl xtdz}yk òcak ? Y5 &]ydz,

W5 ¿Jtë`dz zol ? Y5& @k Dzjtkmyk d` jofwëz q `k Iaiàk,

@oz }ydz wa`kydz lo xtd`xdl k kwkydjdy dl `kz

ztizactadl}dz oljd xdyzaoldz md òz jk}djazfoz

dl}yd ;3;7 q ;3:7 wdyo `k jtdz}aúl ztycd jol tlk

ltdxk wydctl}k dl `k hkfozk wtiàjkjaúl md Wya&

jnkym dl ;3:7 ``kfkmk ®® Fkzolyq Mazzdj}dm >

Wydctl}k5 ¿[tá zoz}adld `k òcak ?

Ydzwtdz}k5 &]ydz Cyklmdz Wa`kydz,

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Wydctl}k5 ¿ [tá zaclahajkl? Ydzwtdz}k5 &@k Zkiamtyæk mazdûk `k Htdyuk

zoz}adld q `k Id``duk kmoylk,

@kz fazfkz wydctl}kz kwkydjdl dl d` Fkltz&

jya}o Sa`balzol tlk xdyzaúl md` jtk` wtdmd hd&

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tiajkmoz òz wa`kydz ydzwdj}axkfdl}d md` Xdld&

yki`d Fkdz}yo q òz moz Xaca`kl}dz,

> Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 ]ykmtjamo woy ftjnoz

jofo Fkzoldyæk mazdjkmk jtklmo ò joyydj}o zdyækFkzoldyæk mazdjjaolkmk5

Wdyo `k mdzjyawjaúl md òz oylkfdl}oz md `k

òcak dl }k` hdjnk lo alj`tækl }k`dz wa`kydz q md&

idfoz dlhk}auky {td dzkz wydctl}kz kjdyjk md

d`òz zd dljtdl}ykl woy tl `kyco wdyæomo kl}dyaoy

k jtk`{tady amdk md jolxdy}ayòz dl wadukz mdjoyk&

}axkz md` zk`úl md òcak,

@oz alxdl}kyaoz zol õ}a`dz wkyk womdy mkyloz

k`ctlkz jolj`tzaoldz mdhala}axkz kjdyjk md `k kt&

zdljak o ydhdydljakz k jtk`{tadyk md dz}oz d`dfdl&

}oz dl d` d{tawkfadl}o o mdjoykjaúl md `k òcak,

Za iadl dz jady}o {td `kz òcakz owdyk}axkz dz&}kikl dzjkzkfdl}d mdjoykmkz dz dxamdl}d md òz

ydcaz}yoz {td zd jolzdyxkl md` zacò ;> {td k wky&}ay md ;3:7 zd nk``kl tl lõfdyo md òcakz ykuolk&

i`dfdl}d d{tawkmkz,

K wdzky md d`òz `kz ydhdydljakz k etdcoz md}ydz wa`kydz dl dzoz kl}actoz ydcaz}yoz zol d~}yd&

fkmkfdl}d ykyoz,

Tl etdco md }ydz wa`kydz zd fdljaolkl dl òz

ydcaz}yoz md `k Ld`zol @omcd dl ;343 q dl `k @om&

cd oh Ydàdh {td km{tadyd , }ydz wa`kydz dl ;38;

wkyk d` Xdldyki`d fkdz}yo q òz moz Xaca`kl}dz…

Noq dl mæk `k fëz kl}actk @ocak md Dmality&

co `k Fkyq Jnkwd` Ltf,; qk jol 987 kûoz md

kl}actdmkm dfw`dk tl etdco md }ydz wa`kydz jkmktlo md }ydz wadz md k`}tyk&

D` wa`ky md` X,F& ydwozk zoiyd d` K`}ky ktl&{td dl d` jdl}yo md `k òcak, @oz o}yoz moz zoiyd d`

wazo k `k mdydjnk md` òz moz xaca`kl}dz ydzwdj}a&xkfdl}d, . @oz }ydz Ohajak`dz wyaljawk`dz lo }ad&

ldl wdmdz}k`dz!,

[tauëz zdk dz}d d` fofdl}o kwyowakmo wkyk ha&

eky `k k}dljaúl dl `k dxo`tjaúl cykmtk` md` wyojd&

mafadl}o jdydfolak` }kl}o jofo womkfoz ykz&}ydkyò md òz Kl}actoz Jkycoz `kz wtiàjkjaoldz

q o}yoz d`dfdl}oz {td nkl zoiydxaxamo, @kz jd&ydfolakz dl ztz wyafdykz d}kwkz lo yd{tdyæklmd tlk mdjoykjaúl jofo `k {td noq jolojdfozdl `k òcak,

Lo nkiæk wdmdz}k`dz la jkywd}kz la oylk&fdl}oz dzwdjak`dz, Dl Alc`k}dyyk dyk zthajadl}djol tlk jowak md òz Kl}actoz Jkycoz q `k Ia&iàk,



;>

Dl Dzjojak zd fkldekikl zal òz Kl}actozJkycoz q wyoiki`dfdl}d jol k`ctlk mazwdlzkzal `k Iaiàk }kfiaál,

@o {td zæ wtdmd kwydjakyzd dz {td òz wyafdyoz

oylkfdl}oz dzwdjak`dz tzkmoz dl `k òcak htdyol

tl etdco md }ydz jklmd`dyoz, ]ydz `tjdz dl tlk t

o}yk hoyfk htdyol `k fëz kl}actk hoyfk md d{ta&

wky tlk òcak,

@oz moz wa`kydz tzkmoz dl `k jdydfolak dz}k&

ikl maitekmoz dl d` wazo zoiyd tl àdluo jol }ydz

xd`kz dl hoyfk md }yaëlctò wkyk a`tfalky`kz,

@kz }ydz xd`kz ®}ydz `tjdz fdloydz ® jofo `kzjolojdfoz noq dl mæk dz}ël dl}yd òz md}k``dz fëz

kl}actoz md` ya}tk` md` ohajao,

Nkjd zt kwkyajaúl dl}yd ;818 q ;377 jtklmoqk zd majd {td mdlo}kl k` X,F Xaca`kl}dz q

Jofwkûdyoz md` ohajao,

Dl òz jk}djazfoz ztizactadl}dz zd nk``k tlk

xkyadmkm md zaclahajkmoz,

@k wtiàjkjaúl md Wyajnkym md ;3:7 jol}adld

moz etdcoz md `tjdz,

Wydctl}k5 ¿ Nkq `tjdz dl xtdz}yk òcak ?

Ydzwtdz}k5& Zæ ]ydz,

Q Wyajnkym kcydck tlk lo}k5

®L,I, Dzkz @tjdz zol }ydz cyklmdz xd`kztiajkmkz dl d`dxkmoz jklmd`dyoz®

Wydctl}k5 ¿ Woy{td dz}ël k``æ ?

Ydzwtdz}k5 &D` Zo` coiadylk d` mæk `k @tlk `k

lojnd q d` X,F, `k òcak,

Oizdyxdfoz {td dz}d dz ltdz}yo ya}tk` fo&

mdylo jkza wk`kiyk woy wk`kiyk,

D` zdctlmo etdco md `tjdz md Wyajnkym dykl

}ydz xdl}klkz dl d` Dz}d Zty q Odz}d,

]ydz jklmd`dyoz o }ydz cyklmdz jklmd`dyoz

zol {tauëz òz æ}dfz fëz jolz}kl}dz dl òz al&

xdl}kyaoz md` zacò ;>,

@k ntd``k md tlk jofialkjaúl dl}yd òz moz

etdcoz md d{tawkfadl}o òz }ydz wa`kydz q òz }ydz

jklmd`dyoz kwkydjdl dl òz ydcaz}yoz md `k O`m Mtlmdd @omcd {td dl ;3:1 oymdlú km{tayay tl etdco md }ydz woy}kxd`kz jol mazdûoz d`kioykmoz

dl dz}aòz Múyajo Eúlajo q Joyal}ao,.[td dz}ël dl

tzo kj}tk`fdl}d!,

@k jold~aúl dz {tauëz alfdmak}kfdl}d oi&

xak wdyo dzoz dz}aòz ky{ta}dj}úlajoz zol òz

kzojakmoz jol òz k}yait}oz md òz }ydz wa`kydz jdy&

jkloz k` X,F q òz Xaca`kl}dz2 Zkiamtyæk Htdyuk q

Id``duk,

D` zafioàzfo fkzúlajo md òz }ydz wa`kydz htd

d~wàjkmo woy Wya}jnkym dl ;3:7 q htd `k O`m

Mtlmdd @omcd {td `d mao hoyfk wyëj}ajk k ztz

wk`kiykz k` oymdlky tl etdco md jklmd`dyoz dl òz}ydz dz}aòz,

@oz jklmd`dyoz md Mtlmdd wtdmdl zdy tl alma&

jao md zt á~a}o wdyo lo htd tlk wyëj}ajk cdldykà&ukmk,

Nt}jnalzol dl ;381 dl zt mdzjyawjaúl md`

d{tawkfadl}o md tlk òcak nki`k jol k`ctlk d~&

}dlzaúl md }ydz `tjdz o xd`kz wdyo lo fdljaolk

lkmk md }ydz wa`kydz q òz etdcoz md }ydz wa`kydz

dz}ël tztk`fdl}d ktzdl}dz md òz fëz kl}actoz

alxdl}kyaoz q àz}kz md d{tawoz md òcak,

Q kzæ zd wtdmdl ykz}ydky k òz }ydz wa`kydz mdz&

md zt }dfwyklk al}yomtjjaúl jofo tlk jtdz}aúl

wtykfdl}d zafiúàjk dl òz jk}djazfoz k }yk&

xáz md` wdyæomo dl {td }k` zafioàzfo dz d~wkl&maú nkz}k kzafa`kyzd jol òz dz}aòz dzwdjæhajoz mdky{ta}dj}tyk,

Mdzmd dzd fofdl}o jtklmo òz }ydz wa`kydz

jofdlukyol k zdy d~wàjkmoz nkjak ;377 zd wtdmd kztfay jol jdy}duk {td htdyol kwkyd&

jadlmo dl òz ®Maiteoz ® jkywd}kz o Jtkmyoz md

]ykukmoz,

Zkidfoz woy ztwtdz}o {td kwkydjdl qk ydct&

`kyfdl}d dl `kz xdyzaoldz fëz }kymækz wdyo d` w`klcdldyk` md zt dxo`tjaúl almajk {td htdyol al}yomt&

jamoz dl ftjnoz md òz wyafdyoz mazdûoz {td lo

nkl ``dckmo k lozo}yoz,

]dldfoz dxamdljak mdhala}axk md {td nkjak

;347&;387 òz etdcoz md }ydz wa kydz dz}kikl dl

tzo jofo oylkfdl}kjaúl dl xkyakz òcakz q dz}o

dz}ë kwoqkmo dl {td kl}dyaoyfdl}d kwkydjdl dl òz

Jtkmyoz md ]ykukmoz&

Jtklmo nkjak d` hal md` zacò ;> `k zk`k md `kòcak q Fkzolaj Nk`` htdyol zadlmo mdjoykmoz

wkyk tzo hydjtdl}d o jol}altkmo òz }ydz wa`kydz



;1

``dckyol k jolxdy}ayzd dl tlk wky}d ydct`ky oylk&

fdl}k` ojkzaolk`fdl}d woy mdydjno wyowao wdyo

fëz hydjtdl}dfdl}d jofo ikzdz oylkfdl}k`dz md

`kz ®@tjdz Fdloydz jofialklmo kzæ òz moz d`d&

fdl}oz zdwkykmoz dl tlo zoò jofo ò xdfoz

noq mæk,

>, D` jydjafadl}o md` zafioàzfo fkzúlajo, D` aljydfdl}o dl `k jkl}amkm md zæfioòz jofo zd

a`tz}yk dl `kz wtiàjkjaoldz dl hykljáz md ;3=7 q

dl alc`áz md ;387 fdydjd k`cõl jofdl}kyao,

Dl d` Ftzdo md `k Cykl @ocak d~az}d tlk jo&`djjaúl md w`kl}a``kz md fd}k` wal}kmo {td kwkydl&

}dfdl}d zayxdl k mahdydl}dz etdcoz,

Nkq wa`kydz jol còioz tl etdco md moz wd&{tdûoz wa`kydz zal còioz q tl etdco zdwkykmo md

}ydz wa`kydz,

]kfiaál zd dljtdl}yk tl etdco md w`kl}a``kz

md ®Jkwa}d`dz q Còioz ® wdyo zo`kfdl}d `kz jkid&

ukz md `kz wadukz j`kykfdl}d mazdûkmkz wkyk kcyd&

cky òz còioz zoiyd wa`kydz loyfk`dz md }owd

w`klo,

]omo dz}o etl}o k ftjnoz o}yoz zæfioòz

zd tzkyol wkyk maiteky òz ®mazdûoz® zoiyd d`

wazo md `k òcak,

Dl k{td``k áwojk }kl `deklk jofo ;3:3jtklmo zoiyd d` wazo md `k òcak zoò nkiæk ®wkzoz®

q moz wa`kydz dyk wky}d md` }ykikeo md` X,F, d~&

wàjky }k`dz ®mazdûoz® k` jklmamk}o alfdmak}kfdl&

}d mdzwtáz md nkidy }ofkmo zt Oiàckjaúl,

Lo wkydjd nkidy d~az}amo k`co dl ya}tk` wkyk

dz}d wyowúza}o q `kz d~wàjkjaoldz mdidl md nkidy

zamo afwky}amkz k mazjydjaúl md` X,F,

Mdzmd ;3=9 nk``kfoz tlk ztz}kljak` dxamdl&

jak md {td d` lõfdyo md zæfioòz zd nkiæk aljyd&

fdl}kmo dloyfdfdl}d ò {td almajk {td mdiaú

nkidy d~az}amo tlk d~wklzaúl md `kz d~wàjkjaoldz

afwàjklmo k`ctlk ztdy}d md mazdy}kjaúl zdfdekl&

}d k ltdz}ykz jolhdydljakz.@dj}tydz! kjdyjk md`Jtkmyo md Maiteoz,

@k fkqoyæk md òz zæfioòz fëz kl}actoz {td

jol hydjtdljak kwkydjdl dl òz õ`}afoz Jtkmyoz md]ykukmo md` zacò ;> q dl cykikmoz jol}dfwoyë&

ldoz nkl mdzkwkydjamo md ltdz}yoz fomdyloz}ykikeoz dl}yd d`òz d` ydòe md kydlk `k wk`d}kq `k jo`fdlk q dz al}dydzkl}d lo}ky {td dl TZK

molmd zd nk wydzdyxkmo ftjno md` ya}tk` md` zacò

;> dzoz zæfioòz etl}o k ftjnoz o}yoz zd tzkl

jol ydct`kyamkm dl òz Jtkmyoz md Maiteoz,

Dl dz}d iydxd dlzkqo fd nd mdmajkmo zo`k&

fdl}d k tloz wojoz zæfioòz md ltdz}yk kj}tk`

oylkfdl}kjaúl jtqoz oyæcdldz wdyfkldjdl

zdfalti`kmoz mdiamo k `k xt`ckyaukjaúl wdyo

d~az}d tl ftlmo md al}dyáz k zdy mdzjtiady}o dl `kydz}kl}d zafioòcæk md` Ky}d ,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&



97

¿[tá dz `k ydkàmkm?

Woy d` [,³, N,³, Fkyao @úwdu ‚ Y,³, @,³, Z,³, @ocak Ydlkjafadl}o 4= ‚ C,³, @,³, D,³,

[tdyamoz `dj}oydz q `dj}oykz

`k afkcdl {td a`tz}yk dz}k dl}ykmkjoyydzwolmd k `k wd`æjt`k Fk}ya~{tauëz tlk md `kz fëz kmdjtkmkz

wkyk d` }dfk {td wadlzo }yk}ky, @k wydctl}k w`kl}dkmk dz ¿{tá dz `k

ydkàmkm?,

Mkfoz woy ztwtdz}o {td `kydkàmkm dz ò {td loz yomdk ò{td xdfoz oæfoz o`dfoz }ojkfoz2 wdyo knæ xad&ld `k mtmk ¿q za ò {td jyddfoz ydk` lo dz fëz

{td tlk dzwdjad md fk}ya~ q `k ydkàmkm `k kt&}ál}ajk dz o}yk jozk mahdydl}d?

Zal dl}yky k mdik}ay dl wyohtlmamkm womdfozmdjay {td d~az}d tlk ydkàmkm oied}axk q o}yk ztied&}axk `k ydkàmkm oied}axk dz k{td``k {td ltdz}yozzdl}amoz ydjaidl `k ztied}axk dz `k {td ltdz}ykfdl}d al}dywyd}k,

Woy dedfwò lo dz ldjdzkyao xdy tl àfúl zao`dfoz k àfúl womdfoz afkcalky d` àfúl d al&j`tzo xaztkàukyò dl ltdz}yk fdl}d, Dl dz}d jkzo

womdfoz mdjamay jofo xdymkmdyk tlk md dz}kz mozowjaoldz5

D` àfúl lo d~az}d ydk`fdl}d qk {td lo òxdfoz zoò d~az}d zt oòy {td md}dj}kfoz,

D` àfúl za d~az}d ktl{td lo ò xdkfoz etz&}kfdl}d woy{td k` lo}ky zt oòy dz}d mdid xd&lay md k`cõl `kmo,

Zdk jofo zdk dl kfioz jkzoz dl ltdz}ykfdl}d zd hoyfk tlk afkcdl fdl}k` md` àfúl qdzk afkcdl fdl}k` mdzmd `tdco {td lo dz ydk`ftjnk jkztkàmkm zdyæk {td dzk afkcdl htdzdd~kj}kfdl}d actk` k` àfúl ydk` jtqo kyofk nd&foz oàmo, Woy ò }kl}o dzk ydkàmkm fdl}k` dzdàfúl {td xdfoz dl ltdz}yk fdl}d LO dz ydk` woy ftjno {td loz ò wkydujk,

Wdyo xkfoz k àky`k fëz `k afkcdl {td ltdz&}yo jdydiyo ydjaid mdwdlmd md `k jkàmkm md htl&

jaolkfadl}o md ltdz}yoz úyckloz, ]omoz zkidfoz{td tl fazfo joòy k` fdloz {td zdkl òz iëza&joz lo dz md}dj}kmo woy actk` woy }omkz `kz wdyzo&lkz, Tlk wdyzolk wtdmd mdjay {td jady}o joòy dz

yozk j`kyo q o}yo mdjay {td dz htj&

zak t o}yk xkyakl}d, Dl }omoz òzjkzoz d` joòy ydk` dz d` fazfo

wdyo d` xaztkàukmo dl d` jdydiyomd jkmk tlo dz mahdydl}d, Ltdxk&fdl}d ztycd `k wydctl}k5 ¿{td dz

ò ydk` ò {td d` jdydiyo md jkmk

jtk` wdyjaid o d` joòy md` oied}o

oizdyxkmo?

Dz}kfoz ydcydzklmo jofo ftjnoz md tz}dmdznkiyël qk wdlzkmo k` hkfozo fa}o md `k jkxdylk

md W`k}úl, Eoyz}dal Ckkymdy 1 dl zt oiyk ‐ D` Ftl&mo md Zohæk;7‖ dzjyaiaú5

‐Afkcælk}d k tlkz wdyzolkz {td nkia}kl tlkjkxdylk zti}dyyëldk, Dz}ël zdl}kmkz md dzwk`mkzk `k dl}ykmk k}kmkz md wadz q fkloz md fomo {td

zúò wtdmdl fayky nkjak `k wkydm md `k jkxdylk, Md}yëz md d``kz nkq tl ftyo k`}o q woy md}yëz md` ftyo jkfalkl tloz zdydz {td zd kzdfdekl k `kz

wdyzolkz,

@dxkl}kl maxdyzkz hactykz woy dljafk md` ioymd md` ftyo, Md}yëz md dz}kz hactykz kymd tlknoctdyk woy ò {td zd maitekl zofiykz h`kfdkl&}dz jol}yk `k wkydm md `k jkxdylk, @o õlajo {td

wtdmdl xdy dzoz foykmoydz md `k jkxdylk dz woy }kl}o dzd ¢}dk}yo md zofiykz²,

1 Eoz}dal Ckkymdy .> md kcoz}o md ;149 dl Ozò! dz tldzjya}oy loytdco kt}oy md loxd`kz naz}oyakz joy}kz q àiyoz wkyk laûoz,

Lkjaú dl d` zdlo md tlk hkfaàk wdmkcúcajk zt fkmyddyk wyohdzoyk q dzjya}oyk md àiyoz alhkl}a`dz q zt wkmyd maydj&}oy md tl jo`dcao, Dz}tmaú haòòcæk dzjklmalkxk Naz}oyak md`kz amdkz d Naz}oyak md `k ydàcaúl dl `k Tlaxdyzamkm md Ozò,Htd wyohdzoy md haòzohæk q à}dyk}tyk dl tl alz}a}t}o md Idy&cdl mtykl}d oljd kûoz,

;7 D` ftlmo md Zohæk .;11;! dz `k loxd`k fëz jolojamkdzjya}k woy d` loytdco Eoz}dal Ckkymdy, Zd jolxay}aú dl tlkt}ál}ajo idz}zd``dy lo zúò dl Dtyowk zalo }kfiaál dl }omod` ftlmo zadlmo }ykmtjamk k 4= amaofkz, Tzklmo jofo wyd}d~}o tlk }ykfk loxd`dzjk d` kt}oy nkjd tlk ctæk iëzajkzoiyd `k haòzohæk ojjamdl}k`, @k oiyk }yk}k md tlk wd{tdûk md;= kûoz {td d` ;4 md etlao jtfwàyë ;4 kûoz, Wdyo zt xamk

jkfiak aljydæi`dfdl}d jtklmo ydjaid tlk jky}k md tl ha`úzo&ho, Dz ydjofdlmki`d wkyk }omoz k{td`òz {td dz}ál ydkàukl&mo dz}tmaoz {td }dlckl haòzohæk qk {td iyalmk tlk cyklalhoyfkjaúl zoiyd òz wyaljawk`dz }dfkz q ha`úzohoz {td `kfazfk dz}tmak,



9;

Nkl dz}kmo zdl}kmoz dl `k fazfk woz}tyk

mdzmd {td lkjadyol q jyddl woy d`ò {td `kz zof&

iykz zol ò õlajo {td d~az}d,

Afkcælk}d knoyk {td tlo md òz nkia}kl}dz md

`k jkxdylk dfwaduk k wydctl}kyzd md múlmd xad&

ldl }omkz dzkz zofiykz md `k wkydm md `k jkxdylk

q k` halk` jolzactd zo`}kyzd, ¿[tá jyddz {td zt&

jdmd jtklmo zd xtd`xd nkjak `kz hactykz {td zol

zoz}dlamkz woy md}yëz md` ftyo?

Dxamdl}dfdl}d ò wyafdyo {td ojtyyayë dz{td `k htdy}d `tu `d jdckyë, ]kfiaál `d jdckyël

`kz hactykz læ}amkz qk {td nkz}k dzd fofdl}o zúò nkiæk xaz}o `kz zofiykz md `kz fazfkz, Za

jolzactadyk k}ykxdzky d` ftyo q d` htdco q zkày k`k lk}tyk`duk htdyk md `k jkxdylk `k `tu `d jdck&

yæk kõl fëz, Wdyo mdzwtáz md nkidyzd ydz}ydckmoòz oeoz zd nkiyæk mkmo jtdl}k md `k id``duk md

}omo,

Woy wyafdyk xdu xdyæk joòydz q za`td}kz læ}a&

mkz, Xdyæk xdymkmdyoz klafk`dz q hòydz md òz

{td `kz hactykz md `k jkxdylk zúò dykl fk`kz jo&

wakz, Wdyo }kfiaál dl}oljdz zd wydctl}kyæk k zæ

fazfo md múlmd xadldl }omoz òz klafk`dz q `kz

hòydz,

Dl}oljdz xdyæk d` zo` dl d` jadò q jofwydl&

mdyæk {td dz d` zo` d` {td mk xamk k }omkz `kz hòydz

q klafk`dz md `k lk}tyk`duk md `k fazfk fkldyk

{td womæk xdy `kz zofiykz dl `k jkxdylk cykjakz k

`k noctdyk,

Knoyk d` hdàu foykmoy md `k jkxdylk womyæk

nkidyzd amo joyyadlmo k `k lk}tyk`duk jd`diyklmo zt àidy}km ydjaál jol{taz}kmk, Wdyo zd kjtdymk

md òz {td {tdmkl kikeo dl `k jkxdylk, Woy dzoxtd`xd k ikeky, Md ltdxo kikeo al}dl}k jolxdljdy

k òz mdfëz foykmoydz md `k jkxdylk md {td `kzafëcdldz md `k wkydm zol zúò jowakz jdl}d``dkl&

}dz md `kz jozkz ydk`dz, Wdyo lkmad `d jydd,

Zdûk`kl k `k wkydm md `k jkxdylk majadlmo {tdò {td k``æ xdl dz }omo ò {td nkq,

Majno dz}o xtd`xo k wydctl}ky55 ¿[tá dz

ydk`fdl}d `k ydkàmkm? ¿Xdfoz d` ftlmo ydk` o

zúò tlk afkcdl md` fazfo k` actk` {td òz foyk&

moydz md `k jkxdylk?

Ydwydzdl}kjaúl cyëhajk md` Fa}o md `k jkxdylk



99

Jofwoy}kfadl}o fkzúlajo, ¿{taál dz d` wyúeafo?

[,³, N,³, Xk`mdfky Zklzêo ‚ Oyadl}d md Iykza`

Amaofk oyacalk`5 Iykza`dayo]ykmtj}oy5 Fkyao @owdu

‐D~az}dl moz fomoz md wyowkcky `k `tu5 zdy `k

xd`k o zdy d` dzwdeo {td `k ydh`dek‖ . Dma}n Snky}ol!

D` jofwoy}kfadl}o dztl ydh`deo md `k wdyzolkà&mkm q oixakfdl}d wtdmdzdy k`}dykmo woy fdmao md`k alz}ytjjaúl2 `k foyk` dzd` d`dfdl}o iëzajo md`jofwoy}kfadl}o2 `k zojad&

mkm dzwdyk {td ztz fadf& iyoz zd wdyhdjjaoldl2 loy&fk`fdl}d d` jofwoy}k&fadl}o }adlmd k zdctay woy d` itdl jkfalo qk {td d`zdl}amo alxdyzo d` fk`jkfalo zd jolzamdyk tlmdzxæo md `k jolmtj}k,

Jol `k alajakjaúl fkzúlajk `k alz}a}tjaúl lo wyd}dlmd }yklzhoyfky k` nofiyd wyohklo dl tl zdy

wdyhdj}o mahdydl}d md òz mdfëz jydklmo tlk hact&yk dzwdjak`, Oixakfdl}d k` actk` {td ztjdmd dl `kydàcaoldz d` almaxamto {td zd mdmajk k kfky k zt

wyúeafo d~}dyaoyauk tl jofwoy}kfadl}o zojak noldz}o jolhaki`d q fdeoy mæk k mæk,

Zal dfikyco d` jofwoy}kfadl}o fkzúlajo lodz jofo d` wyohklo, @k mahdydljak ydzamd dl d` nd&jno md {td d` fkzúl ‐xaxd‖ dl `k @ocak q jolxaxdjol o}yoz fkzoldz dl tl al}dyjkfiao jolz}kl}d mdztz xay}tmdz {td khòykl md zt al}dyaoy dzwaya}tk`,

D` Ndyfklo {td kfk k zt Ndyfklo oixakfdl}d`d kjtmayë dl fofdl}oz md ldjdzamkm,

Majd tl zkiao ydhyël5 ³Mafd jol {tadl klmkz q}d mayá {tadl dydz‖, D` fkzúl mdid md }dldy zadf&

wyd dl fdl}d d` ndjno md {td wdy}dldjd k tl cytwozd`dj}o hoyfkmo woy alajakmoz, Zt jofwoy}kfadl&}o nk md zdy d~jdwjaolk`fdl}d itdlo dl }omoz òzzdl}amoz,

D` fkzúl lo zd wtdmd wdyfa}ay `k àjdljak mdmdzjolojdy zt fazaúl md kt~aàky k` wyúeafo {td`kz dlzdûklukz fkzúlajkz `d almajkl, Jofo fkzúldz}ë oiàckmo k mdmajkyzd dl `k iõz{tdmk md `k

hdàjamkm md ztz zdfdekl}dz lo zoò woy{td `k Yk&uúl;; q `k Foyk`;9 loz afwoldl dz}k oiàckjaúl

zalo woy{td dzd zdl}afadl}o md zoàmkyamkm loznkjd Naeoz Joftldz md` Tlaxdyzo q Kfacoz md}omoz oz Zdydz Ntfkloz,

Jtkl}kz owoy}tlamk&mdz }dldfoz md k}dlmdy k`

wyúeafo, Dl `k hkfaàk zol wojoz òz {td lo }adldl tlmdwdlmadl}d fkqoy, Jtkl&}oz kmo`dzjdl}dz ltdz}yoz

wyúeafoz wkyadl}dz xdja&

loz o jolojamoz jolxaxdljol d` wyoi`dfk md `k xao&`dljak md` k`jono` md`jykjb o md o}ykz myockza`dck`dz,

@k wky}d ntfklk md`zdy dz wyowdlzk k `k wyëj}ajk md` fk` md `k kwk}æk qmd` dcoæzfo2 k `k wky}d maxalk zal dfikyco `d}ojk zohojky dzd alz}al}o {td }kl}o wdyetmajk k òzmdfëz q k lozo}yoz fazfoz

@k jkyamkm

Xaxafoz dl tl ftlmo jkmk xdu fëz jofwd}a&}axo dl `k {td ftjnkz xdjdz `k jkyamkm {tdmk dltl zdctlmo w`klo, Ltdz}yk áwojk dz wdyhdj}k wkykkjocdy d` fdlzked fkzúlajo htlmkfdl}kmo dl `k]o`dykljak q `k Zoàmkyamkm, Dz alzwaykmoy {td `kfkzoldyæk maxt`ctd dz}dz wyaljawaoz, Wkyk {td dld` fkzúl zd mdzwady}d d` zdl}afadl}o md k`}ytazfoq zoàmkyamkm nkjak d` wyúeafo q òz ldjdza}kmoz `kOymdl wyoj`kfk ztz Wyaljawaoz q Woz}t`kmoz md

;; @k Ykuúl dz `k ‐àidy}km md wdlzkfadl}o‖ {td d`k& ioyk d` jolojafadl}o }ykz tloz fofdl}oz md fdma}kjaúl, @kFkzoldyæk {td dz haòzúhajkfdl}d dj`á}ajk tzk `k ykuúl jold{taàiyao, @oz nofiydz {td zol coidylkmoz woy `k ykuúl dzmdjay {td itzjkl ò {td `dz dz õ}a` ikeo `k maydjjaúl md `kYkuúl lo jomajakl wkyk d`òz lkmk {td lo mdzddl }kfiaál wkyk òz mdfëz q kzæ zol etz}oz md itdlk hd q noldz}oz,

;9 @k Foyk` zaclahajklmo ‐joz}tfiyd‖ ‐jolmtj}k‖‐jofwoy}kfadl}o‖ jol `kz jkykj}dyæz}ajkz md {td ltdz}yozkj}oz lo mdidl ndyay k òz mdfëz, @k foyk` wtdmd zdy ydà&caozk o ]do`úcajk ò {td oiàck k zdcty òz wydjdw}o maxa&

loz, @k Foyk` Fkzúlajk dz tl wojo mahdydl}d alj`tzo kiky&jklmo ò kl}dyaoy `k fkzoldyæk xk fëz k``ë md ò jofõl, Lo ikz}k jol tl itdl jofwoy}kfadl}o dz}d nk md ay kjofwkûk&mo md tl joletl}o md xay}tmdz jofo `k }o`dykljak d` kfoy `kmdmajkjaúl d` zkjyahajao q `k mazwozajaúl wkyk zdyxay,



9:

wykj}ajky `k Jkyamkm q `k Idldhajdljak md fomo

zacaòzo zal ntfa``ky k` ldjdza}kmo,

Fëz k``ë md` dedyjajao almaxamtk` md `k jkyamkm

`k @ocak Fkzúlajk dl joletl}o woy al}dyfdmak&

jaúl md` Ndyfklo Nozwa}k`kyao nkjd md hoyfk

mazjyd}k zt jkyamkm dl tlk moi`d xdy}adl}d5 Mklmo

òz úioòz ydjocamoz dl jkmk zdzaúl k òz ldjdza&

}kmoz q mklmo dedfwò dlzdûklmo `kz xay}tmdz

jolmdlklmo òz xajaoz mklmo foyk` k {tadl `k

wydjazk itzjklmo d` kjdyjkfadl}o wkyk k}dltky d`

zthyafadl}o,

D` CKMT joòjk k òz ldjdza}kmoz dl ltdz}yo

jkfalo ftq jdyjk md jkmk tlo md lozo}yoz wkykhkjaà}ky `k zoàmkyamkm q iadlkxdl}tykluk md zdyxay

k` wyúeafo, D` joljtyzo md `k jkyamkm hyk}dylk`ydwky}adlmo òz iadldz jol k`dcyæk `k kqtmk .zdk `k

{td zdk! d` nofiyo kfaco `k wk`kiyk md jolhoy}o wyojtyklmo kfwkyky k` ndyfklo ldjdza}kmo, Lo

loz mdek owjaoldz wkyk itzjky dzjtzkz,

@k jkyamkm lo dzwdyk {td dljol}ydfoz k ltdz&

}yo wyúeafo dl nkykwoz wkyk mkyloz jtdl}k md zt

fazdyak2 d` wyúeafo mdid zdy kfkmo alj`tzo jtkl&

mo lo wozdd alhoy}tlao wkyk dxa}ky {td dz}d ``dctd,

Kfoy Hyk}dylo @oz fkzoldz jt`}axkl d` kfoy hyk}dylo jofo

zt htdyk tlk jyddljak2 zd }yk}k md tlk woz}tyk fæz&}ajk tlk xdu {td d` khdj}o d` ydzwd}o q `k kfaz}kmzol j`kxdz wkyk {td òz jtdywoz fkzúlajoz wdymt&

ydl,

Dz}k kfaz}km mdxtd`}k dl fomo md kfoy wyo&mtjd ztz hyt}oz {td zol `k }o`dykljak `k wdyjdw&

jaúl d` khdj}o q `k zaljdyamkm dl}yd o}yoz, Tl

kwyd}úl md fkloz jk`tyozo tl kiykuo khdj}tozo

wk`kiykz cdl}a`dz jofwydzaúl kjdw}ky òz jolzd&

eoz o mky jolzdeoz dl mdhala}axk d` jofwoy}kfadl&

}o dzdljak`fdl}d hkfaàky nkjd md` fkzúl tl zdy ntfklo dzwdjak`,

Zofoz ydjolojamoz woy d` kfoy {td ohydjd&

foz, Kiyëfoloz nkjak d` kfoy q d` kfoy loz ydz&

wolmdyë alj`tzo ydjolojadlmo ltdz}yk wyowakz

àfa}kjaoldz q mahajt`}kmdz md` fazfo fomo {td

dzwdykfoz {td nkckl òz mdfëz nkjak lozo}yoz

jtklmo ò ldjdza}kfoz,

@kz fkmydz zthydl `k kjtzkjaúl md mky wydhd&

ydljak k tlo q o}yo naeo zadlmo zt ‐ hkxoya}o‖

jtklmo `k xdymkm dz {td d``k zadl}d q ohydjd tlk

mozaz fkqoy md kfoy k` {td ò wydjazk dl jkmk

fofdl}o wyojtyklmo kfwkyky k` naeo fëz kcoiak&

mo q {td `d wamd kqtmk, Dz}kyë jdyjk md` naeo {td

fkz `k wydjazd al}dyxaladlmo k zt hkxoy q dzwdyël&

mo`d k` halk` md` jkfalo ftjnkz xdjdz yofwadlmonkz}k `kz ydc`kz q jkfalklmo k zt `kmo o ``dxëlmo&

`d k jtdz}kz,

D` kfoy yofwd `kz ikyydykz tld hkjjaoldz qmdz}ytqd wydjoljdw}oz jtyk mo`dljakz… Lo nkq

xamk mdjdl}d zal d` kfoy, Dz jady}o {tadl kfk dzow}afaz}k q ydjaid ftjno kfoy md xtd`}k,

K` actk` {td `k fkmyd ja}kmk òz fkzoldz lo

mdidfoz zdl}ay wydhdydljakz woy ndyfklo k`ctlo

wdyo za mdidfoz dz}ky jdyjk md k{td` {td fëz ò

ldjdza}d, Dz wky}d md ltdz}yo }ykikeo fkzúlajo,

Jolj`tqdlmoD` kj}o md wydz}ky kt~aào k` wyúeafo lo jolz}a&

}tqd dl za fazfo tl mdidy wdyo dz d` ydh`deo md

tlk wdyzolkàmkm iadl hoyfkmk, Lo afwoy}k {tdnkqk ftjno {td nkjdy kõl, Md }omo ò {td k` ha&lk` {tdmk zol òz ydjtdymoz md ltdz}ykz kjjaoldz

dz d` kfoy md` CKMT q md òz xdymkmdyoz kfacoz{td ltljk loz kiklmolkl2 zol k{td``kz wdyzolkz

mdzjolojamkz {td zd wydojtwkl md` wyúeafo2 dz `khd {td }omoz }dldfoz q {td zd ydltdxk dzwdykluk&

moykfdl}d2 kzæ zadfwyd }dldfoz k`co {td mky k

k{td`òz {td loz yomdkl jol zt khàjjaúl, @o {td

lo mdidfoz wdyfa}ay dz {td k`ctadl zd k`ded md

lozo}yoz zal dljol}yky tlk wk`kiykz md kàxao

jtklmo fdloz,

Kzæ mdj`kykfoz {td ltdz}yo wyúeafo zol }omoz

q jkmk tlo md ltdz}yoz zdfdekl}dz,



9=

Mazjtyzo md` Zdûoy Jkik``dyo md Ykfzkq

Wyoltljakmo dl `k @ocak md Zkl Etkl d` 98 md Majadfiyd md ;3:8

Jofo dzjya}oy htd kt}oy dl}yd o}ykz oiykz md]nd Wnaòzownajk` wyaljaw`dz oh lk}tyk` klm yd&xdk`dm ydàcaol tlho`mdm al cdofd}yajk` oymdy ;3=>,

Cykl Oykmoy md `k Oymdl dl Hykl&jak zt Mazjtyzo md` {td wkyjd {td d~az&}dl moz xdyzaoldz dz tl }dz}afolao ftqjolojamo &hkfozo& zoiyd d` wdlzkfadl&}o dzo}áyajo wydzdl}d dl òz )k`}oz cyk&moz) md` )Dzjojazfo) mazjtyzo k` {tdzd nk ``dckmo k k}yaitay d` oyacdl md áz&

}oz q lo zúò d` zdy d~wydzaúl md tlkjoyyadl}d qk d~az}dl}d,

D` wyafdyo wkydjd nkidy zamo wyo&ltljakmo dl `k òcak wkyazalk Zkal}]nofkz Lµ ; `k wyafdyk òcak htlmkmk dl Hykljakdl ;394 woy loi`dz alc`dzdz moz md òz jtk`dzzdyækl mdzwtáz md` mt{td md Snky}ol òz wyafd&yoz Cyklmdz Fkdz}ydz md `k Fkzoldyæk dl majno

wkæz, D` zdctlmo nkiyæk zamo wyoltljakmo kl}d tlkkzkfi`dk cdldyk` md `k Oymdl Hykljdzk dl ;3:8,

D` fo}axo woy d` jtk` wkydjd d~az}ay moz xdy&zaoldz zd mdidyæk k {td zd nauo ldjdzkyao wkzky `kjdlztyk wydxak {td dl Hykljak }dlækl òz fkzoldzdl k{td``k áwojk2 wdyo dzo zdyæk o}yo }dfk,

Zdcõl jady}oz naz}oyakmoydz d` Ya}o DzjojázKl}acto q Kjdw}kmo lkjaú wojo mdzwtáz md fklozmd dz}d nofiyd md oyacdl dzjojáz;:,

Mdidfoz }dldy dl fdl}d {td dl dzk áwojk

d~az}æk tlk ctdyyk kiady}k dl}yd Alc`k}dyyk q Hykl&jak {td dyk fëz ydàcaozk {td wo`æ}ajk, K`ctlozdzjojdzdz dzjkwkikl md` klcàjklazfo nkjak `k

;: Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 Majd Yomyæctdu Jkz}a``deozdl zt oiyk ‐@oz Ya}oz fkzolajoz‖ .dma}oyak` fkzúlajk,dz!‐ @kz ykæjdz md òz cykmoz zafiúàjoz md` Ya}o Dzjojáz Kl}a& cto q Kjdw}kmo wtdmdl dljol}ykyzd dl `k alh`tdljak md òzfkzoldz md oyacdl dzjojáz {td wyofoxadyol `k fkzoldyæk hykljdzk md ;393 k ;38> k `k wyofojaúl almaydj}k md òzk`}oz cykmoz woy wky}d md` Jkik``dyo Klmyds Ykfzkq q md

Z}dwndl Foyæl q k `k wky}ajawkjaúl md `kz òcakz ‐cëàjkz‖dl `k hoyfkjaúl md òz k`}oz cykmoz md J`dyfol}, @oz }ydzfkzoldz fdljaolkmoz htdyol md xa}k` afwoy}kljak wkyk d` lkjafadl}o q wyafdyoz kûoz md` Ya}o Dzjojáz Kl}acto q Kjdw}kmo‖

uolk jk}úàjk hykljdzk q ``dxkyol jol d`òz d` ya}o wykj}ajkmo dl zt Dzjojak lk}k` mklmo oyacdl k`YDKK {td noq dl mak jolojdfoz, Dz}k }doyæk zaldfikyco dz tlk md `kz ftjnkz {td zd nkl }deamozoiyd d` xdymkmdyo oyacdl md` ya}o q za ò nd wtdz}o

k{tæ dz woy{td zd ikzk dl `k hactyk mdltdz}yo wdyzolked,

Zdûoydz

D` loi`d dl}tzakzfo {td tz}dmdzmdftdz}ykl wkyk alcydzky dl `k kl}actkq ftq a`tz}yd Oymdl md òz hykljfkzo&ldz dz tlk wytdik dxamdl}d md {td qk

wozddl }omkz `kz jtkàmkmdz ldjdzkyakz wkyk jolxdy}ayzd dl ztz fadfiyoz, Dz}kz jtkàmk&mdz zol `k ha`kl}yowæk d` zdjyd}o alxao`ki`d q d`ctz}o woy `kz id``kz ky}dz,

@ajtyco Zo`úl Ltfk q }omoz òz mdfëz `d&caz`kmoydz wo`æ}ajoz lo òcykyol {td ztz alz}a}t&

jaoldz ``dckykl k zdy mtykmdykz5 woy ftq zkiakz{td nkqkl zamo ztz `dqdz lo nkl womamo d~}dlmdy&zd k }omoz òz wkæzdz q wdymtyky k }ykxáz md òzzacòz, Wtdz}o {td zd htlmkfdl}kikl dl `kz xaj}o&yakz q `kz jol{taz}kz dl `k xao`dljak faà}ky q dl d`mofalao md tl wtdiò zoiyd o}yo lo nkl womamo``dcky k zdy tlaxdyzk`dz la kmkw}kyzd k` ctz}o k`cdlao q k òz al}dydzdz md }omkz `kz lkjaoldz, Lo zd

ikzkikl dl `k ha`kl}yowæk5 d` hk`zo kfoy woy tlk wkyjd`k md nofiydz {tadldz nkia}kl tlk wd{tdûkydcaúl md` tlaxdyzo {td zd ``kfk wk}yak mdz}ytæk

dl }omkz dz}kz ydwõiàjkz ctdyydykz d` kfoy woy `kntfklamkm dl cdldyk`,

@oz nofiydz htlmkfdl}k`fdl}d lo zd mahd&ydljakl woy `kz `dlctkz {td nki`kl `kz yowkz {tdxaz}dl o òz yaljoldz md dz}d noyfactdyo {td nkia&}kl, D` ftlmo dl}dyo lo dz fëz {td tlk cykl yd&

wõiàjk dl `k jtk` jkmk lkjaúl dz tlk hkfaàk qjkmk almaxamto tl laûo,

Zdûoydz ltdz}yk zojadmkm zd dz}ki`djaú wkyknkjdy ydxaxay q wyowkcky `kz kl}actkz fë~afkz}ofkmkz md `k lk}tyk`duk md` zdy ntfklo, [tdyd&foz ydtlay k }omoz òz nofiydz md ctz}o ztiàfd q



94

md ntfoy kcykmki`d fdmakl}d d` kfoy woy `kz id&

``kz ky}dz molmd `k kfiajaúl zd xtd`xd tlk xay}tm

q d` zdl}afadl}o md idldxo`dljak woy `k johykmæk dz

d` fazfo {td zd }adld woy }omo d` cáldyo ntfklo

molmd }omkz `kz lkjaoldz wtdmdl oi}dldy joloja&

fadl}oz zúàmoz q molmd òz zõima}oz md }omoz òz

ydaloz wtdmdl joowdyky zal jdòz xaxay zal mazjoy&

mak q kfkyzd ft}tkfdl}d,

Zal ydltljaky k ztz wyaljawaoz mdz}dyykfoz md

ltdz}ykz `dqdz }omkz `kz mazwt}kz {td wtdmdl k`}d&

yky `k }ykl{taàmkm md` dzwæya}t `k mdàjkmduk md `kz

joz}tfiydz òz zdl}afadl}oz khdj}tozoz `k k`dcyæk`dcæ}afk q k{td``k kyfolæk kizo`t}k {td zúò zd

dljtdl}yk dl `k dàfalkjaúl md }omoz òz d~jdzozalmdiamoz q md }omkz `kz wkzaoldz mazjoymkl}dz,

Kzafazfo }dldfoz ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz5 zol

zacloz {td ydwydzdl}kl ltdz}yk jadljak edyoc`æha&joz ftq kl}actoz q wk`kiykz {td zd }ofkyol md

ltdz}yo ky}d2 }omoz d`òz jofwoldl tl `dlctked

k`ctlkz xdjdz ftmo q o}ykz ftq dòjtdl}d wkyk

joftlajkyzd k cyklmdz maz}kljakz q wkyk ydjolo&

jdy k ltdz}yoz ndyfkloz zal afwoy}ky zt `dlctk o

wkæz,

Dl tl wyafdy fofdl}o k òz {td alcydzkl

lkmk fëz zd `dz mk k jolojdy d` zdl}amo à}dyk`, Dz

zúò k òz kmdw}oz {td zd `dz ydxd`k d` zdl}amo zt&

iàfd q zafiúàjo md ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz, Dz kzæjofo òz oyadl}k`dz òz dcawjaoz òz cyadcoz q òzzkiaoz md }omkz `kz lkjaoldz ojt`}kikl ztz mocfkz

woy fdmao md hactykz zæfioòz q edyoc`æhajoz,

K fdltmo d` zdl}amo à}dyk` md ltdz}ykz `dqdzmd ltdz}yoz ya}oz q md ltdz}yoz zdjyd}oz zúò ohydjd

k `k ykuúl tl zallõfdyo md wk`kiykz alal}dàcai`dz2

zal dfikyco òz alajakmoz dljtdl}ykl dl d`òz tl

fkleky d~{taza}o {td kàfdl}k {td d`dxk q {td `d

ydjtdymk k` dzwæya}t `kz xdymkmdz fëz ztiàfdz, Nk

ztjdmamo jol lozo}yoz ò {td jkza ltljk nk ztjd&mamo jol o}yk zojadmkm,

Ltdz}ykz òcakz zd nkl alz}ktykmo nkjd ftjno

}adfwo q zd mahtlmdl noq woy }omkz `kz lkjaoldz

jaxaàukmkz md` ftlmo2 zal dfikyco dl}yd }kl lt&

fdyozk ft`}a}tm md nofiydz lalcõl ndyfklo ek&

fëz nk }ykajaolkmo ltdz}yo zdjyd}o, Mdzmd d` fo&

fdl}o dl {td jofadlukl k hoyfky wky}d md ltdz}yk

johykmæk `kz wdyzolkz fëz hyæxo`kz `kz fëz almaz&

jyd}kz q `kz fdloz alz}ytamkz kwydlmdl k ctkymky

wkyk zæ fazfkz dz}k cykl jadljak5 dl}oljdz wkyd&jdl }yklzhoyfkyzd q jolxdy}ayzd dl nofiydz ltd&xoz afwdld}yki`dz q wdld}ykl}dz k` fazfo }adfwo,

Za k`ctadl yofwadyk òz etykfdl}oz {td loz tldl

lo }dldfoz lalctlk `dq wdlk` d~jdw}o d` ydfoy&

mafadl}o md joljadljak q `k d~j`tzaúl md ltdz}yk

zojadmkm zdcõl `kz zactadl}dz wk`kiykz md Noyk&

jao5 Dz} d} hamdà }t}k za`dl}ao Fdyjdz5 xd}kio {ta

Jdydyaz zkjytf Xt`ckya} kyjklkd zti azmdf Za}

}ykiaitz hykca`dfxd fdjtf Zo`xk} wnkzd`tf,

Noykjao kl}actkfdl}d htd oykmoy md tlk cykl

òcak dz}ki`djamk dl Yofk woy Ktctz}o fadl}ykz

Fdjdlkz q Kcyawk dykl ztz xaca`kl}dz, @kz fdeo&

ydz omkz md dz}d wod}k zol nafloz {td jofwtzo

wkyk {td zd jkl}kykl dl ltdz}ykz oycækz, Zæ zdûo&ydz `kz hkfozkz hadz}kz md Jdydz dl D`dtzaz md `kz

jtk`dz nki`k Noykjao kzæ jofo `kz md Faldyxk dlK}dlkz q `kz md Azaz dl Dcaw}o lo dykl o}yk jozk

{td òcakz md ltdz}yoz alajakmoz molmd zd jd`d& iykikl ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz jol `kz jofamkz q `kz

àikjaoldz wdyo zal òz d~jdzoz òz mdzdlhydloz qzal `k al}dfwdykljak dl {td jkqdyol òz wkckloz

mdzwtáz md nkidy kiklmolkmo `k zkiamtyæk md

ltdz}yoz wyaljawaoz q `k wtyduk md ltdz}ykz fë~a&

fkz, D` ctz}o woy `kz ky}dz àidyk`dz dz `k }dyjdyk

jtkàmkm {td zd yd{tadyd wkyk dl}yky dl ltdz}yk

Oymdl `k wdyhdjjaúl md dz}d ctz}o dz `k dzdljak d`

hal q d` oied}o md ltdz}yk tlaúl,

Md }omkz `kz jadljakz fk}dfë}ajkz `k md `k

Ky{ta}dj}tyk qk zdk jaxa` lkxk` o faà}ky dz zal

mtmk `k fëz õ}a` q `k fëz kl}actk, Dz k }ykxáz mdd``k {td loz mdhdlmdfoz jol}yk `kz aletyakz md`kayd jol}yk `k aldz}kiaàmkm md `kz o`kz q zoiyd

}omo jol}yk d` htyoy md o}yoz nofiydz, Dz woy fd&mao md ltdz}yo ky}d {td òz foy}k`dz nkl dljol}yk&

mo d` zdjyd}o md jolz}ytay jkzkz q tyidz jol d` wyowúza}o md ydtlay `kz cyklmdz zojadmkmdz2 d` zd&

jyd}o md ydjoyydy òz ojákloz wkyk ``dxky md tlo k

o}yo ndfazhdyao `kz ya{tdukz md `k }adyyk q md òz

fkydz q dl hal d` zdjyd}o md jolz}ytay ftyk``kz q

fë{talkz jol}yk tl dldfaco fëz }dyyai`d {td òz

d`dfdl}oz q òz klafk`dz {tadyo mdjay jol}yk d`nofiyd fazfo {td lo dz fëz {td tlk idz}ak hd&

you k fdloz {td zt lk}tyk`duk zdk }dfw`kmk jol

`k mtùtyk `k wku q `k ha`kl}yowæk md `kz fë~afkz

{td ydalkl dl ltdz}yk zojadmkm,

]k`dz zol zdûoydz `kz jtkàmkmdz {td zd yd&

{tadydl dl ltdz}yk Oymdl md `k jtk` ydxd`kydfoz

knoyk dl wojkz wk`kiykz d` oyacdl q `k naz}oyak,

Ltdz}yk jadljak dz }kl kl}actk jofo d` cáldyo

ntfklo wdyo lo zd mdid jolhtlmay `k naz}oyak

cdldyk` md` ky}d jol `k naz}oyak wky}ajt`ky md ltdz&}yk zojadmkm, Nkl d~az}amo dl }omoz òz wkæzdz q dl}omoz òz zacòz ky{ta}dj}oz wdyo }omoz dz}oz ky&



98

{ta}dj}oz lo dykl hykljfkzoldz alajakmoz dl ltdz&

}yoz faz}dyaoz,

Jkmk hkfaàk jkmk ydwõiàjk q jkmk afwdyao

jtqo oyacdl zd wadymd dl `k lojnd md òz }adfwoz

}adld zt hëit`k q zt xdymkm zt `dqdlmk q zt naz}o&

yak zt hajjaúl q zt ydkàmkm, @k mahdydljak {td nkq

dl}yd ltdz}ykz }ykmajaoldz q k{td``kz md }omkz `kz

mdfëz zojadmkmdz ntfklkz dz {td `kz ltdz}ykz

dz}ël htlmkmkz dl òz klk`dz md` wtdiò fëz kl}a&

cto md` tlaxdyzo d` õlajo {td noq jolzdyxk d`

fazfo lofiyd {td }dlæk kl}actkfdl}d {td lo zd

jolhtlmd jol `kz o}ykz lkjaoldz ktl{td dz}á maz& wdyzo woy }omkz wky}dz q dl hal d` õlajo {td nk

jolzdyxkmo ztz àiyoz kl}actoz k` jol}ykyao mdjkza }omoz òz mdfëz wtdiòz dl òz {td áz}oz zd

nkl wdymamo,

Woy ò }kl}o nd k{tæ ò {td nd womamo ydjowa&`ky zoiyd ltdz}yo oyacdl dl òz kl}a{tæzafoz kyjna&

xoz md ltdz}yk Oymdl dl `kz kj}kz md` Wky`kfdl}o

md Alc`k}dyyk {td nki`kl hydjtdl}dfdl}d md ltdz&

}yoz wyaxa`dcaoz q dl `k etyazmajjaúl kj}tk` md tl

wkæz {td nk zamo d` jdl}yo md ltdz}yk jadljak kyjk&

lk mdzmd d` zacò májafo,

Zdûoydz mæcldlzd wydz}ky fëz k}dljaúl2 ndy&

fkloz xaca`kl}dz wyo}dekl `k òcak kwky}dl md dz}d

`tcky `k xt`ckyamkm wyohklk, Wyojt` on wyojt` dz}d

wyohkla oma wyohkltf xt`ctz d} kyjdo hkxd}d àl&ctaz,

D` ctz}o ztwydfo woy d` oymdl `k zafd}yæk q `k wyoqdjjaúl zúò wtdmdl zdy alzwaykmoz woy d` Cykl

Cdúfd}yk ky{ta}dj}o md` Tlaxdyzo jtqkz amdkzd}dylkz zol òz fomdòz md `k id``duk xdymkmdyk,

Kmdfëz xdfoz dl òz klk`dz zkcykmoz md` `dcaz&

`kmoy md òz etmæoz {td Maoz fazfo htd d` {td

dlzdûú k` ydz}ktykmoy md` cáldyo ntfklo `kz wyo&

woyjaoldz md `k jolz}ytjjaúl hò}kl}d {td }dlæk

jofo htljaúl wydzdyxky mtykl}d d` ma`txao òzklafk`dz md }omkz `kz dzwdjadz wkyk {td ydwoi`kykl

ltdz}yo còio jtklmo zkàdyk md` zdlo md `kz

kctkz, Woy jolzactadl}d Loá mdid zdy jolzamdykmo

jofo d` kt}oy q d` alxdl}oy md `k ky{ta}dj}tyk lk&

xk` kzæ jofo d` wyafdy cykl fkdz}yo md ltdz}yk

Oymdl,

@k jadljak kyjklk htd }ykzfa}amk woy fdmao md

tlk }ykmajaúl oyk` mdzmd Loá nkz}k Kiyknkf q òz

wk}yakyjkz d` õ`}afo md òz jtk`dz ``dxú ltdz}yo

ky}d ztiàfd k Dcaw}o, Htd Eozá {tadl maú k òzdcawjaoz `k wyafdyk amdk wkyk `k jolz}ytjjaúl mdòz `kidyal}oz md `kz wayëfamdz q md òz oidàzjoz

{td zd nkl kmfaykmo dl }omkz `kz áwojkz, Dz woy

dz}k }ykmajaúl wk}yakyjk` {td ltdz}ykz `dqdz q ltdz&

}ykz fë~afkz zd mahtlmadyol dl Kzak Dcaw}o Cyd&

jak q dl}yd }omoz òz Cdl}a`dz2 zal dfikyco yëwa&

mkfdl}d ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz htdyol k`}dykmoz md&

cykmkmoz mdhoyfkmoz q fduj`kmoz jol ztwdyz}a&

jaoldz q `k jadljak zdjyd}k zúò zd jolzdyxú wtyk

dl}yd d` wtdiò md Maoz, Foazáz alzwaykmo woy d`

K`}æzafo nauo jolz}ytay dl d` mdzady}o tl }dfwò

fúxa` md kjtdymo jol d` fomdò {td zd `d nkiæk

ydxd`kmo dl tlk xazaúl jd`dz}d dl `k jtfiyd md `k

fol}kûk zkcykmk wytdik dxamdl}d md {td `kz `dqdz

md ltdz}yo ky}d zd oizdyxkl dl d` ftlmo alxazai`dmolmd }omo dz kyfolæk oymdl q wyowoyjaúl,

Dz}d }kidylëjtò kfit`kl}d jowak md` wk`kjao

alxazai`d md` K`}æzafo {td dz d` ftlmo ztwdyaoyzd jolxay}aú mdzwtáz dl fomdò md` hkfozo }dfwò

md Zkòfúl d` fëz zkiao md òz ydqdz q md òzfoy}k`dz, Dz}d dmahajao zoidyiao zoz}dlamo woy fa`

{taladl}kz jo`tflkz md fëyfo` md Wkyoz jol fëz

md moz fa` xdl}klkz jol jkwkjamkm wkyk jtk}yo&

jadl}kz fa` wdyzolkz htd jolz}ytamo dl zad}d kûoz

woy fëz md }ydz fa` wyæljawdz o fkdz}yoz fkzoldz

{td }dlækl woy edhd k Naykf&Kiah cykl fkdz}yo md

`k òcak md ]ayo k {taál Zkòfúl jolhaú }omoz

ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz, Htd d` wyafdy fëy}ay md ltdz}yk

Oymdl… zt hamdàmkm zd mdid jolzdyxky… zt a`tz&

}yd zkjyahajao,

Mdzwtáz md zt ftdy}d d` ydq Zkòfúl dzjya& iaú dl edyoc`æhajoz ltdz}yo dz}k}t}o ltdz}ykz fë&

~afkz q ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz q dz}d àiyo kl}acto dzd` júmaco oyacalk` md ltdz}yk Oymdl, Mdzwtáz md `k

mdz}ytjjaúl md` wyafdy }dfwò q d` jkt}axdyao md `klkjaúl dzjocamk d` tlcamo md` Zdûoy d` cykl Jayo

{td zd nkiæk alajakmo dl }omoz ltdz}yoz faz}dyaoz

mdzaclú k Uoyoikid` jofo cykl fkdz}yo md `k ò&

cak md Edytzk`ál q `d oymdlú woldy òz jafadl}oz

md` zdctlmo }dfwò molmd htd mdwoza}kmo d` faz&

}dyaozo @aiyo md Zkòfúl,

Mtykl}d mojd zacòz dz}d @aiyo zd jolzdyxú dl

d` }dfwò md òz azykdà}kz wdyo mdzwtáz md `k mdz&

}ytjjaúl md` zdctlmo }dfwò q `k mazwdyzaúl md

dz}d wtdiò mtykl}d d` afwdyao md ]a}o d` kl}acto

àiyo zd d~}ykxaú nkz}k d` }adfwo md `kz jytukmkz

jtklmo zd dljol}yú wky}d md á` mdzwtáz md `k }ofk

md Edytzk`ál, Zd mdzjahyú dz}d júmaco zkcykmo q zal

wdld}yky dl d` dzwæya}t ztiàfd md }omoz òz edyo&

c`æhajoz {td zd dljol}ykyol zd ydztja}ú ltdz}yk

kl}actk Oymdl md `k jtk` Loá Kiyknkf òz wk&}yakyjkz Foazáz Zkòfúl q Jayo nkiækl zamo òz



93

wyafdyoz cyklmdz fkdz}yoz, Nd knæ zdûoydz ltdz&

}ykz kl}actkz }ykmajaoldz,

Nd k{tæ knoyk ltdz}yk xdymkmdyk naz}oyak,

Mdzmd òz }adfwoz md `kz ctdyykz zkl}kz dl Wk`dz&

}alk xkyaoz wyæljawdz zdûoydz q ky}az}kz zd tlad&

yol najadyol xo}o md ydz}ki`djdy òz }dfwòz md

òz jyaz}akloz dl ]adyyk zkl}k zd jofwyofd}adyol

woy fdmao md tl etykfdl}o k dfw`dky zt jadljak q

ztz iadldz wkyk mdxo`xdy `k ky{ta}dj}tyk k zt wya&

fa}axk jolz}a}tjaúl ydzjk}kyol }omoz òz kl}actoz

zacloz q `kz wk`kiykz faz}dyaozkz md Zkòfúl wkyk

maz}alctayzd md òz alhad`dz q ydjolojdyzd ft}tk&fdl}d,,, .q mdjamadyol! tlayzd æl}afkfdl}d jol,,,,

Mdzmd dl}oljdz q mdzwtáz ltdz}ykz òcakz ``d&

xkyol d` lofiyd md òcakz md Zkl Etkl dl }omozòz wkæzdz, Dz}k tlaúl zd nauo k afa}kjaúl md òz

azykdà}kz jtklmo jolz}ytqdyol d` zdctlmo }dfwò,Fadl}ykz tloz tzkikl `k wk`d}k q d` jofwëz òz

o}yoz òz mdhdlmækl jol `k dzwkmk q d` dzjtmo,

Mdzwtáz md òz cyklmdz ydxdzdz md `kz ctdyykz zk&

cykmkz `k mdjkmdljak md `kz kyfkmkz jyaz}aklkz q

d` }yatlho md Idlmojmoy Zt`}ël md Dcaw}o mtykl}d

`k oj}kxk q õ`}afk jytukmk d` naeo md Dlya{td AAA

md Alc`k}dyyk d` cykl wyæljawd Dmtkymo xadlmo

{td qk lo nkiæk zdctyamkm wkyk ztz ndyfkloz fk&

zoldz dl ]adyyk zkl}k {tazo {td }omoz ò kjofwk&

ûkykl jtklmo `kz }yowkz jyaz}aklkz zd yd}aykyol q

dz}k joòlak md kmdw}oz zd dz}ki`djaú kzæ dl Alc`k&

}dyyk,

Wtdz}o {td dz}d wyæljawd dz}kik mo}kmo md }o&

mkz `kz jtkàmkmdz md` dzwæya}t q md` joykuúl {td

hoyfkl k òz náyodz kfú `kz id``kz ky}dz q zoiyd

}omo ltdz}yk cykl jadljak, Dz}klmo dl d` }yolo zd

mdj`kyú cykl fkdz}yo md `k Oymdl `d o}oycú xkyaoz

wyaxa`dcaoz q hykl{tajakz q mdzmd dl}oljdz òz

fadfiyoz md ltdz}yk johykmæk }ofkyol d` lofiyd

md hykljfkzoldz, Mdzmd dz}k áwojk Cykl Iyd}kûk

zd jolxay}aú dl `k zdmd md `k jadljak kyjklk dl `kjolzdyxkmoyk md ltdz}yoz mocfkz q dl `k mdwoza}k&

yak md }omoz ltdz}yoz zdjyd}oz,

Mdzmd `kz az`kz iya}ëlajkz `k kl}actk jadljakjofadluk k wkzky k Hykljak, @k lkjaúl fëz dzwaya&

}tk` md Dtyowk zd jolxdy}ayë dl d` jdl}yo md `k Oy&mdl q mdyykfkyë dl ltdz}yoz dz}k}t}oz `kz cykjakz

`k mdàjkmduk q d` itdl ctz}o jtkàmkmdz dzdljak&

`dz dl tlk Oymdl jtqk ikzd dz `k zkiamtyæk `k

htdyuk q `k id``duk md` cdlao, Dz dl ltdz}ykz òcakz

{td dl ò ztjdzaxo òz hykljdzdz xdyël zal xakeky

jofo dl tlk wal}tyk zal}d}aukmk `kz jkykj}dyæz}ajkz

md }omkz `kz lkjaoldz q dz k{tæ molmd òz d~}ykled&

yoz kwydlmdyël woy d~wdyadljak {td Hykljak dz `k

xdymkmdyk wk}yak md }omoz òz wtdiòz,



9>

Majjaolkyao fkzúlajo

d~}ykj}kmo md` Majjaolkyao Kbk` md Hykljfkzoldyæk md Etkl Jkyòz Mkuk

J OZFOCOLÆK

Jkmk }ykmajaúl nk dl}dlmamo md hoyfk mahdydl&}d d` oyacdl md` Tlaxdyzo q zt oycklaukjaúl }ykmt&jaálmozd dl zt fkldyk md jofwydlmdy `k }yklzjdl&mdljak,

Fayjdk Dàkmd mdjæk5

‐ @k jozfocolæk dz d` fomdò dedfw`ky md }o&mk dzwdjad md nkjdy5 lo zo`kfdl}d woy{td d` Jozfoz dz d` ky{td}awo amdk` k `k xdu md }omk za&}tkjaúl jydkmoyk q md `k jydkjaúl zalo }kfiaál

woy{td d` Jozfoz dz tlk oiyk maxalk…,]omo ò dz wdyhdj}o w`dlo kyfolaozo háy}a`dl tlk wk`kiyk5 }omo ò {td dz}ë jozfaukmo }omoò {td zd wkydjd k tl Jozfoz dz zkcykmo‖

J,EC, Etlc mdjæk woy zt wky}d {td }omk joz&focolæk afwàjk tlk `tjnk tl zkjyahajo {td ydcd&ldyk2 jkfiaky dz k `k xdu lkjdy q foyay {td ``dxk&mo k` `dlctked zafiúàjo md tl cykmo md `k fkzo&ldyæk d{taxk`d k mdjay ‐@k ftdy}d dz `k wtdy}k md `kXamk;=‖

H YK]DYLAMKM @k Hyk}dylamkm dz tlo md òz xkòydz {td jof&

woldl d` `dfk md `k Oymdl q woy d`ò kwkydjd dlftjnoz md ztz d`dfdl}oz zafiúàjoz,

@k Hyk}dylamkm tlo md òz amdk`dz fëz kl}æ&ctoz q wyoj`kfkmoz woy òz cyklmdz amdkàz}kz md`k Naz}oyak maz}k ftjno md zdy tlk ``kfkmk k òz

itdloz zdl}afadl}oz zalo {td mdid ay ftjno fëzk``ë md dz}o,

@k Hyk}dylamkm fkzúlajk d~wydzk jofo `kz ma&hdydljakz ztied}axkz md òz nofiydz .jydmo ykukal}dàcdljak d}j! lo zol xkòydz d~k`}kmoz hydl}d k`k ikzd jofõl md` joljdw}o md ndyfklmkm jofozdydz al}dyyd`kjaolkmoz woy d` Cykl Ky{ta}dj}o2ndyfklmkmoz q jol actk`dz mdydjnoz zalo {td nk&jd {td `k àidy}km q `k d{tamkm zdk tlk wkyk }omoz,

;= Lo}k md` jooymalkmoy5 Woy ykuoldz oixakz lo nd wtdz}o k{tæ d` cykmo k` {td nkjd ydhdydljak

D` joljdw}o md Hyk}dylamkm wkydjd zdy aljoy&

woykmo k `k Fkzoldyæk jol `k ydxo`tjaúl hykljdzkztz}a}tqdlmo k` md ‐d{tamkm‖, Dl `kz Jolz}a}tjao&ldz md Klmdyzol md ;39: zd wtdmd `ddy2

‐ D` kfoy hyk}dylk`…{td dz d` htlmkfdl}o q `k wadmyk fkdz}yk md `k fkzoldyæk…‖

@k hyk}dylamkm {td lo dz zalo tlk fklahdz}k&jaúl md` kfoy lo wtdmd d~acayzd zúò mkyzd dl&}ydckyzd, ]omk fklahdz}kjaúl md hyk}dylamkm kwkyd&jd jtklmo tlo xdymkmdykfdl}d zadl}d q ydkàuk

al}dyaoyfdl}d d` Amdk` fkzúlajo q zd kjdyjk k` yd&jolojafadl}o .joljadljak q zdl}afadl}o! md `kydkàmkm md` Wyaljawao Õlajo .C,³,K,³,M,³,T,³,!2 zdzadl}d ndyfklo md òz mdfëz, Ydjolojd kzæ ztal}afk tlaúl q zoàmkyamkm jol }omk fklahdz}kjaúlzt yd`kjaúl jol d` fazfo Wyaljawao md Xamk jolzaco fazfo q jol òz mdfëz,

@k Oymdl dlzdûk5

Kfk k` Cykl Ky{ta}dj}o md` Tlaxdyzo

Kfk k` wyúeafo Lo nkckz fk`Nku iadl woy kfoy k` iadl fazfo

Dl d` zdl}amo dl {td tl alajakmo zd kjdy{tdfëz q fëz k majnoz wyaljawao zd mdzwdy}kyë dl ztal}dyaoy `k ``kfk md `k Hyk}dylamkm,

Dl tlk jayjt`ky md` Cykl Oyadl}d md Dzwkûk md;>3: zd wtdmd `ddy5

‐`k hyk}dylamkm {td zd wykj}ajk dl d` ]dfwòdl}yd òz nofiydz wdy}dldjadl}dz k maxdyzkz dz&jtd`kz wo`æ}ajkz fomdyk òz æfwd}tz ztkxauk òzjkykj}dydz q ydh`dek zoiyd d` ftlmo d~}dyaoy tykqo md `k ald~}alctai`d j`kyamkm {td loz k`tf&iyk……D` nofiyd `k zojadmkm `k lk}tyk`dukxaxdl woy{td `tjnkl q wyocydzkl woy{td xdljdl,

@k fazaúl md `k Fkzoldyæk dz `k md foykàuky dzkzjol}adlmkz q kfaloyky d` moòy md òz dljtdl}yozmd k{td``k htdyuk zal kwkcky `k dhajkjak md` jno&

{td‖



Wydctl}kz md Fkzoldyæk

D` kûo md ;1;3 }yatlhk `k ydxo`tjaúl io`jndxa&{td dl Ytzak, ¿[tá ztjdmd jol `k fkzoldyæk dldzdz }adfwoz?

Ydzwtdz}k k` lõfdyo kl}dyaoy D` Wkwk @dúl ÂAA }d&lamo woy tlo md òz cyklmdz wol}æhajdz htd }kfiaál tlo md

òz fëz kl}afkzúlajoz, Maj}ú nkz}k jtk}yo dljæjàjkz md

cykl mtyduk ¿Zkid tz}dm jtk`dz?5

@k wyafdyk htd D}za Loz d` ;4 md Hdiydyo md ;>>92 `k

zdctlmk q `kz fëz zaclahajk}axk htd Ntfkltf Cdltz d` 97

md kiya` md ;>>=, @k zactadyol Mk`` ½k`}o md``½Kwo}oàjo

Zdccao d` ;4 md oj}tiyd md ;>17 d Alaajk Xoz .[tzo}a md

[td``k Hdmd! d` > md Majadfiyd md ;>19,

LO]K5 @k fkqoyæk md `kz wydctl}kz md dz}k wky}d

zd ikzkl dl d` àiyo ‐Jyoloòcæk fkzúlajk‖ md` X,³, N,³,

D}nad` Ofky Jky}dz .Jyoloòcak fkzúlajk !

Ho}oz q mojtfdl}oz kl}actoz

Fklma` md Xo`}kayd ‚ ;33>

]omoz òz ky}æjtòz wtiàjkmoz dl dz}k ydxaz}k ò zol ikeo tlk àjdljak Jydk}axd Joffolz wtdmd tz}dm jowaky dma}ky q/o fomaha&jky d` jol}dlamo md jtk`{tadyk md d`òz zadfwyd q jtklmo ja}d `k htdl}d oyacalk`

Date post:	04-Apr-2018
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