Smoking Habbits of Students

Smoking Habits of Students

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CONTENTSSmoking Habits among Students

1. INTRODUCTION 03

a. Indian Cigarette Industryb. Capacity and Productionc. Marketing Researchd. Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brandse. Facts about Indian Cigarette Industry

2. THE SURVEY

3. OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY

4. WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEY

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

a. Research Problemb. Research Design

6. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT

a. Measurement and Scaling Technique

7. QUESTION ORIENTATION and GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION

a. About Questionnaire

8. TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

a. Hypothesisb. Significance Levelc. Critical Regiond. Test Statice. Computation of Valuesf. Calculation of Standard Deviationg. Calculation of ‘Z’h. Conclusion of Hypothesis Test

9. MAJOR FINDINGS

10. CONCLUSION

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Smoking Habits among Students

INTRODUCTIONSmoking Habits among Students

WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

Indian Cigarette Industry

The cigarette industry is one of the oldest industries in India. It is an important agro

based industry. It is highly labour intensive & provides livelihood to about 5 million people

directly and indirectly.

Cigarette is an item falling under the First Schedule to the Industries (Development &

Regulation) Act, 1951 and requires an industrial license.

Cigarette industry in India is essentially capital intensive in nature. The growth of

cigarette industry both in domestic and international market represents a big revenue

opportunity for the economy. But the burden of Tobacco tax has increasingly shifted to

cigarette with the removal of duty on raw Tobacco since 1979, resulting in discriminatory

rates of duty compared to other Tobacco products.

India's share in world cigarette production has remained at around 1.7% whereas India's

exports of around 2.8 billion sticks of cigarette per year amounts for less than 1% of the

world export of cigarette. There is significant opportunity for cigarette industry to extent

and consolidated its position in intentional market due to some recent trend like

withdrawal/reduction of agricultural subsidy and escalating cost in the traditional

cigarette exporting countries.

Capacity and Production

At present, there are 19 units in the organised sector engaged in the manufacture of

cigarettes with a total installed capacity of about 147.38 billion pieces per annum. The

production of cigarettes during 2003-2004 was 49269 million sticks. During the current year

i.e. 2004-05, the production (upto November) has been 33145.13 million sticks.

1


Marketing Research

Research connotes a systematic and objective investigation of a subject or problem in order

to discover relevant information or principles and analyzing those information for marketing

decision making.

With increasing market dynamics marketing research has become vital and R&D process

has gained its relevance in big and small organizations.

With this project we have taken up a market survey considering each and every aspect of

marketing research viz. collection of data and analyzing it to make marketing decisions.

Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brands

- Filter-Premium Filter-Medium Filter-Lower Non-filter-

Higher Non-filter-

Lower

ITC

India Kings, Classic kings, Gold

Flake Honey Dew, Gold Flake

Lights, Classic Milds, Classic

Ultra Milds, India Kings, Benson

& Hedges, Benson & Hedges

Lights, 555 State Express

Wills Filter King Gold Flake, Bristol Scissors Hero

GPI Rothmans , Jaisalmer Four Square Kings,

Red & White Kings

Four Square

Premium, Red &

White.

Red & White,

Cavenders

Gold, Leaf

Cavenders

Medium

Plain

VST Kingston, Burton, Legend Charms Mini Kings Charms Filter Charminar

Gold -

GTC Chancellor Brown Panama Filter King Panama Filter Flair Panama

2


FACTS ABOUT INDIAN CIGARETTE INDUSTRY

In the medium term, cigarette consumption in India is expected to grow by 12 percent

annually on account of the higher personal disposable income.

Cigarette consumption has fallen from 103 billion sticks in 199798 to around 86 billion sticks

in 200102, an annual drop of around 3.5 percent. However, in 200203, demand grew by

around 5 percent to 90 billion sticks, triggered mainly by the marginal shift from bidis to

cigarette. In coming year it is estimated to have an increase of 23 percent.

Government regulations in the form high excise duties and restrictions on advertisements

continue to have an adverse impact on the industry.

The increasing sale of smuggled cigarettes poses a challenge to Indian Players.

Contraband trade of cigarettes is estimated to cost Rs. 20 billion in the form of loss of tax

revenue and unaccounted flow of foreign exchange.

Source: CRIS INFAC ANALYSIS

3


THE SURVEYSmoking Habits among Students

WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

We always find this warning labeled on the cigarette packs. Instead of this cigarettes are

being consumed.

The use of tobacco as cigarettes is a phenomenon predominating the 21st century. Due to

the large variety of diseases caused by smoking now it has taken a form of epidemic. The

major diseases caused due to smoking are cardio vascular diseases, respiratory diseases,

atherosclerosis or narrowing of arteries, lung cancer and cancer of oral cavity etc. The

smokers are 3 to 4 times more prone to heart diseases than non smokers and 90% lung

cancer deaths are due to smoking.

The present scenario of health and social risks due to smoking is a challenge in the 21st

century. Unless it is not managed properly and in time it will become an uncontrollable

behavior leading to long term health and social problems all over the world.

We thought can we introduce a cigarette in a market which is non-injurious to health means

a cigarette which do not result in any type of health hazard to the students as students are

the future of our nation.

Thus we found it very genuine to conduct a survey among the students of different colleges

including smokers and non-smokers in order to study various aspects of cigarette smoking

habits.

4


OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEYSmoking Habits among Students

Apart from a learning objective, to know how a survey is being done, the analysis of the

data is carried out the major objectives of this survey can be summed up as:

1. To find out the background of smokers (Students).

2. To assess monthly expenditure on smoking.

3. To find out the most vulnerable age of smoking.

4. To find out the major reasons of smoking among Students

5. To find out the market feasibility of a Cigarette which is non-

injurious to health but provides reasonable level of satisfaction

(Hypothesis Testing).

5


WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEYSmoking Habits among Students

This survey has been a part of study and a sincere effort in finding out basic reasons of

smoking habits among college students. The various finding and analyses of this study

can be put into use to study further into this topic.

This study can be used by the following individuals and institutions:

1. Government Officials – Government officials can use this study for various

policies making. It can be put into use to provide better regulations on Tobacco

(Cigarette) consumption by students.

2. Tobacco Companies – This survey and its analysis can help those companies who

are engaged in cigarette production. With the help of this survey they can know the

prevailing trends of smoking among students a major target market for them so as

to provide better quality products by studying the personal traits of smokers.

3. NGOs – Non-Government Organizations which are engaged in proving awareness

about smoking among students can also this survey study. This may be help for

them to know basic reasons which leads students into smoking.

4. Further Researchers – This study can be taken as the base study and a source of

information for further studies in the related fields.

6


RESEARCH METHODOLOGYSmoking Habits among Students

Research Problem

With increasing trends of smoking among students we thought it can be useful to study the

behavior and various aspects due to which college students engaged in smoking.

Also a market study is done to check the feasibility of a cigarette which is non-

injurious to health and provides a reasonable level of satisfaction.

Research Design

The research design includes the overall research structure i.e. how the research has been

conducted in each phase.

This research is been conducted as a part of original study about the smoking habits among

students. Data of 361 students have been collected through questionnaire consist of

several questions to know personal opinions of the respondents about smoking related

traits.

The data has been analyzed through various statistical tools viz. correlation, hypothesis

testing etc.

The report has been prepared in the detail format including all computations of the values

generated from the data collected.

The data is then entered in the computer system with a help of a software system

designed by us in Visual Basic 6.0.

7


QUESTIONNAIRE FORMATSmoking Habits among Students

QuestionnaireThis survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and

be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke?

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years

Who is your favorite hero?

Where do you spend most of your free time?

What do you think how people get cigarettes?

How much pocket money do you get per month?

On Which items do you spent the most of your money?

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month?

What do you think what makes people start smoking?

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers?

What is your opinion about a well body build person?

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most?

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily?

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him?

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction would you use it?

How old are you?

` What is your gender?

8

Regularly Occasionally Tried Once/Twice No

Shahrukh Khan John Abrahim Salman Khan Amir Khan Other_______

Roaming with Friends Watching Movies Club-Disco With Family

Buy Them Borrow from Friends Stole Them Other Way

100300 300600 600900 More Then 900

Clothing Entertainment Food Stuff Other_______

300-600 600-900 900-1100 1100-1300 1300-1500 More then 1500

Friends Depression To be Stylish Celebrities

Attractive & have more Girlfriends/Boyfriends

Can Influence others easily No Advantage

Manly & Masculine More Confident No opinion Handsome

In Tension To avoid Loneliness After having food Special Occasion No Specific Time

Yes Tries but fails Leaves for times period Can’t quit

More Confident Successful

r Cool-Dude Stupid No Opinion

Yes No

15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25 25 & Older

Male Female


Measurement and Scaling Technique

For scaling and ranking Paired Ranking Method is being used. Each option of the

Questionnaire has been given a rank from 1-4 according to the responses given to

question in respect of question no. 15 as YES.

QuestionnaireThis survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and

be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke?

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years














How old are you?

` What is your gender?

9

Regularly(4) Occasionally(3) Tried Once/Twice(1) No(1)

Shahrukh Khan(4) John Abrahim(3) Salman Khan(2) Amir Khan(1) Other_______(1)

Roaming with Friend(4)s Watching Movies(3) Club-Disco(1) With Family(2)

Buy Them(4) Borrow from Friends(4) Stole Them(4) Other Way(2)

100-300(1) 300-600(2) 600-900(4) More Then 900(3)

Clothing(3)

Entertainment(4) Food Stuff(2) Other_______(1)

300-600(2) 600-900(4) 9001100(3) 11001300(1) 13001500(1) More then 1500(1)

Friends(3) Depression (1) To be Stylish(3) Celebrities(2)

Attractive & have more Girlfriends/Boyfriends

Can Influence others easily No Advantage

Manly & Masculine More Confident No opinion Handsome

In Tension(1) To avoid Loneliness(2) After having food(3) Special Occasion(4) No Specific Time(4)

Yes(2) Tries but fails(3) Leaves for times period(1) Can’t quit(4)

More Confident Successful

r Cool-Dude Stupid No Opinion

Yes No

15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-25 25 & Older

Male Female


10


QUESTION ORIENTATIONand

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONOF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION

About Questionnaire

Questionnaire has been designed keeping in view each and every aspect of designing a

Questionnaire. Direct as well as indirect questions are included so as to provide checks to

those questionnaires which seem to be invalid.

Also before providing final option for each question in the questionnaire a small survey

has been conducted including 10 students (5 smokes and 5 non-smokes) about their

views and then by choosing the best alternatives and options has been provided.

The questionnaire includes 17 questions ranging from study related to personal

questions. The questionnaire has been designed in such a way that smokers as well as

non-smokers can also provide their general perception about smoking habits.

Why Pie Chart?

Pie Chart is the most appropriate for representing division of the total value in terms of

percentage in graphical form.

To calculate the degree and measure of each response:

Percentage = no. of responses / 361

Degree = Percentage of each response / 3.6

11


Do you smoke?

This question is the very basic question on which the research is based. The question is

placed on the first position so as the respondent comes to know subject of study at the

very inception. The options are:

The options are:

1. Regularly - Which means 5 or more cigarettes every day.

2. Occasionally - Which implies specific occasion on different days of a week of

different days of month. For ex. 5 times in a month

3. Tried Once/Twice - These respondents are the starters and have taken only one or

two puffs sometime.

4. No - This option is for those who don’t smoke.

29%

15%10%

46%

Regularly

Occasionally

Tried Once/Twice

No

12


At What Age You Started Smoking?

This question is only valid for smokers only. The question ask respondent about the age at which they started smoking. By this we can conclude the most vulnerable age for starting smoking.

The data will be useful in finding correlation with other smoking habits also.

Following chart shows the various responses to the question:

1116

1321

3724

3517

78

22

0 10 20 30 40

121314151617181920212223

AG

E

No. of Responses

13



This question is an indirect question about the favorite hero of the respondent. The

question has been put up to find out influence of celebrities over smoking habits of

students and to find out relation between favorite hero and frequency of smoking.

The options are :

1. ShahRuk Khan, John Abrahim & Salman Khan: These icons are chain smokers

and have been kept to find out their influence on the respondent.

2. Amir Khan: He is a nonsmoker hero.

38%

26%

18%

17% 1% ShahRuk Khan

John Abrahim

Salman Khan

Amir Khan

Others

14



This question is also an indirect question asking about where the respondent sends their

free time. Through this question we wanted two find out a cprelation between the

smoking habits and the place where people send most of their free time.

The responses will also reveal that how much they are influenced by style factor when

they smoke.

The options are:

1. Roaming with Friends- if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might

be influenced by friends.

2. Watching Movies – if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be

influenced by film stars.

3. Club-Disco - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be

influenced by style factor.

4. With Family - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be

influenced by some member of his family (father etc.).

50%

25%

5%

20%

Roaming withFriends

Watching Movies

Club-Disco

With Family

15



This question is about how people get cigarette. And also is related with the market

dimension of the study. The question is asked to check the responses in relation to many

other cigarette consuming habits.

For Ex: How many regular smokers buy cigarettes or borrow from friends or other

options.

The options are:

1. Buy them

2. Borrow from friends

3. Stole them

4. Other way

72%

18%3% 7%

Buy Them

Borrow fromFriends

Stole Them

OtherWay

16



The question has been put up to find out the relation between the amount of pocket

money students get and the money spent on cigarette. The responses can further be

useful in segmentation of the market for the new cigarette.

Options for this question are:

1. 100300

2. 300600

3. 600900

4. More Than 900

The options have been chosen in a wide range to include all categories of students

ranging from Regular to Tried once/twice and from Lower middle class to higher class.

12%

23%

32%

33% 100-300

300-600

600-900

More Than 900

17



This is also an indirect question to check a correlation between the items on which the

students spent most of their money and the smoking habit.

Options are:

1. Clothing

2. Entertainment

3. Food Stuff

4. Other

This question is an mixed option question which also include an open end which implies if

respondent don’t find his choice in the options given he can write his own.

22%

37%

41%

0%Clothing

Entertainment

Food Stuf

Other

18



Thorough this question we have directly asked respondent personal opinion related to the

expenditure on cigarette purchasing per month.

The question is framed in the manner so that nonsmoker can also give their personal

opinion with their knowledge.

Options are:

1. 300600

2. 600900

3. 9001100

4. 11001300

5. 13001500

6. More than 1500

19


29%

40%

21%

6%

3%

1%

300-600

600-900

900-1100

1100-1300

1300-1500

More than 1500


This question directly asks about the different reasons because of which the students

start smoking.

This question can also be correlated with many other questions such as age, favorite

hero. Expenditure etc.

The Options are:

1. Friends – Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely

influenced by their friends

2. Celebrities - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely

influenced by the celebrities.

3. Depression - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely

influenced by bad incidents and failures.

4. To be Stylish – These people are definitely are influenced by style factor to start

smoking.

20


36%

13%13%

38%Friends

Celebrities

Depression

To be Stylish

21



This question is an indirect question to find to is there any advantage smoker enjoys over

nonsmokers.

Also to find out the correlation between this and what people think of smokers when they

see them smoking.

The Options are:

1. Attractive & Have more girlfriend/boyfriend

2. Can influence

3. No Advantage

9% 7%

84%

Attractive & Havemoregirlfriends/boyfriends

Can influenceother easily

No Advantage

22



This is an indirect question to find out the influences of different traits of persons in

relation to cigarette smoking.

The options are:

1. Manly & Masculine

2. Handsome

3. More Confident

4. No Opinion

15%

33%27%

25%

Manly &masculine

Handsome

More Confident

No Opinion

23



This question directly asked about he specific time on which smokers feel like smoking

the most. The responses can be used to find out the correlation between options of do

you smoke and this question.

For Ex: How many occasionally smokers have chosen no specific time or special occasion

option in this question.

The options are:

1. In Tension

2. Special Occasion

3. To Avoid Loneliness

4. After Having Food

23%

7%

17%18%

35%

In Tension

Special Occasion

To avoidloneliness

After Having food

No Specific time

24


25



It is a direct question to know the personal opinion of the respondents that is it possible

for smokers to quit smoking or not.

It may be also possible for them to leaves for a time period or they tried but failed.

The options are:

1. Yes

2. Tries but fails

3. Leaves for a time period

4. Can’t Quit

19%

25%20%

36%

Yes

Tries but falis

Leaves for timesperiod

Can't quit

26



This question is an indirect question to know the perception of the respondent when they

see somebody smoking.

Also to know indirectly what to smokers think of themselves smoking.

The options are:

1. More confident

2. Stupid

3. Successful

4. Cool-Dude

5. No Opinion

6%

34%

2%15%

43%

More confident

Stupid

Successful

Cool-Dude

No Opinion

27



This is the main question related to the hypothesis testing. Through this question we

want to know the market feasibility of the cigarette which is non-injurious to health and

give a reasonable level of satisfaction.

If the respondent chose the YES option means they are wiling to try the hypnotized

cigarette and if NO means not wiling to try it.

53%

47% Yes

No

28


How old are you?

This is the personal question about the age of the respondent.

4% 10%

34%32%

17% 3%15-17

17-19

19-21

21-23

23-25

25 & above

What is your gender?

81%

19%

Male

Female

29


TEST OF HYPOTHESISSmoking Habits among Students

Hypothesis

A Hypothesis is an assumption to be tested. Hypothesis tests are widely used in business

and industry for making decisions. We have included q1, q6, q8, q12 in out hypothesis

testing.

Ho: Refers to the NULL hypothesis which has to be rejected in order to accept the

ALTERNATIVE hypothesis.

H1: Refers to the ALTERNATIVE hypothesis which has to be accepted at the time of the

rejection of the NULL hypothesis

30

If a kind of a Cigarette comes in the market which is non-

injurious to health but gives a reasonable level of satisfaction

will be accepted by the market or not.

The cigarette which is non-injurious to health but give a reasonable level of satisfaction will not accepted by the market.

The cigarette which is non-injurious and give the reasonable level of satisfaction may be accepted by the market.


Significance Level

After setting up the hypothesis the next step is to select a suitable level of significance. The

confidence with which an experimenter rejects or retains the NULL hypothesis depend upon

the significance level adopted.

Critical Region

We have used two tailed test to find out the critical region. A two tailed test is that where

the hypothesis is rejected for the value of X falling into the either tail of the rejection region.

A value of Z (Test Static) less than about -2.3 or greater than about +2.3 would call for us to

reject the hypothesis at an alpha of 5%. We get these values by computing the inverse

cumulative distribution function for values of alpha/2 and 1-alpha/2, respectively.

31

We have selected 5% significance level which means that there are about 5 chances out of 100 when this kind of cigarette will be

accepted by the market, when it is not. That means we have taken the right decision.


Test Static

Since our mean of each questionnaire is equal to 4 and the test consists of the study of the

population mean of about 361 questionnaires we shall test the hypothesis by computing z

static.

The formula for computing Z is:

= 4

X = Mean of Each Questionnaire

= Mean of All Questionnaire (361)

32


Computation of Values

F.NoTotal of

Each Qesnair

x x- (x- )2 F.NoTotal of

Each Qesnair


Each Qesnair

xx-

(x- )2

1 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 45 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 89 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

2 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 46 8 2 -0.52 0.27 90 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

3 12 3 0.48 0.23 47 12 3 0.48 0.23 91 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

4 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 48 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 92 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

5 8 2 -0.52 0.27 49 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 93 4 1 -1.52 2.31

6 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 50 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 94 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

7 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 51 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 95 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

8 12 3 0.48 0.23 52 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 96 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

9 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 53 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 97 12 3 0.48 0.23

10 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 54 8 2 -0.52 0.27 98 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

11 12 3 0.48 0.23 55 8 2 -0.52 0.27 99 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

12 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 56 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 100 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

13 12 3 0.48 0.23 57 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 101 12 3 0.48 0.23

14 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 58 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 102 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

15 12 3 0.48 0.23 59 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 103 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

16 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 60 4 1 -1.52 2.31 104 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

17 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 61 16 4 1.48 2.19 105 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

18 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 62 8 2 -0.52 0.27 106 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

19 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 63 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 107 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

20 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 64 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 108 8 2 -0.52 0.27

21 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 65 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 109 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

22 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 66 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 110 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

23 8 2 -0.52 0.27 67 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 111 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

24 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 68 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 112 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

25 8 2 -0.52 0.27 69 8 2 -0.52 0.27 113 8 2 -0.52 0.27

26 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 70 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 114 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

27 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 71 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 115 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

28 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 72 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 116 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

29 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 73 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 117 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

30 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 74 8 2 -0.52 0.27 118 12 3 0.48 0.23

31 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 75 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 119 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

32 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 76 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 120 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

33 12 3 0.48 0.23 77 12 3 0.48 0.23 121 12 3 0.48 0.23

34 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 78 12 3 0.48 0.23 122 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

35 12 3 0.48 0.23 79 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 123 15 3.75 1.23 1.51

36 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 80 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 124 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

37 12 3 0.48 0.23 81 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 125 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

38 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 82 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 126 12 3 0.48 0.23

39 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 83 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 127 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

40 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 84 12 3 0.48 0.23 128 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

41 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 85 12 3 0.48 0.23 129 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

42 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 86 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 130 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

43 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 87 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 131 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

44 12 3 0.48 0.23 88 12 3 0.48 0.23 132 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

33


F.NoTotal of

Each Qesnair


Each Qesnair


Each Qesnair

x x- (x- )2

134 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 178 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 222 12 3 0.48 0.23

135 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 179 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 223 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

136 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 180 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 224 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

137 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 181 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 225 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

138 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 182 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 226 12 3 0.48 0.23

139 12 3 0.48 0.23 183 12 3 0.48 0.23 227 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

140 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 184 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 228 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

141 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 185 15 3.75 1.23 1.51 229 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

142 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 186 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 230 12 3 0.48 0.23

143 12 3 0.48 0.23 187 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 231 8 2 -0.52 0.27

144 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 188 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 232 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

145 12 3 0.48 0.23 189 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 233 8 2 -0.52 0.27

146 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 190 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 234 12 3 0.48 0.23

147 8 2 -0.52 0.27 191 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 235 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

148 12 3 0.48 0.23 192 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 236 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

149 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 193 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 237 8 2 -0.52 0.27

150 8 2 -0.52 0.27 194 12 3 0.48 0.23 238 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

151 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 195 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 239 12 3 0.48 0.23

152 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 196 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 240 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

153 12 3 0.48 0.23 197 12 3 0.48 0.23 241 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

154 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 198 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 242 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

155 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 199 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 243 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

156 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 200 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 244 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

157 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 201 12 3 0.48 0.23 245 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

158 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 202 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 246 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

159 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 203 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 247 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

160 16 4 1.48 2.19 204 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 248 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

161 12 3 0.48 0.23 205 12 3 0.48 0.23 249 4 1 -1.52 2.31

162 12 3 0.48 0.23 206 8 2 -0.52 0.27 250 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

163 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 207 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 251 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

164 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 208 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 252 12 3 0.48 0.23

165 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 209 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 253 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

166 12 3 0.48 0.23 210 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 254 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

167 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 211 12 3 0.48 0.23 255 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

168 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 212 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 256 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

169 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 213 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 257 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

170 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 214 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 258 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

171 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 215 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 259 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

172 8 2 -0.52 0.27 216 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 260 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

173 8 2 -0.52 0.27 217 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 261 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

174 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 218 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 262 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

175 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 219 12 3 0.48 0.23 263 8 2 -0.52 0.27

176 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 220 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 264 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

34


F.NoTotal of

Each Qesnair

xx-

(x- )2 F.NoTotal of

Each Qesnair


Each Qesnair

xx-

(x- )2

266 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 310 8 2 -0.52 0.27 354 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

267 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 311 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 355 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

268 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 312 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 356 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

269 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 313 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 357 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

270 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 314 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 358 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

271 14 3.5 0.98 0.96 315 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 359 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

272 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 316 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 360 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

273 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 317 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 361 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

274 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 318 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 TOTAL 3643 910.8 1.03 134.13

275 8 2 -0.52 0.27 319 12 3 0.48 0.23

276 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 320 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

277 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 321 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

278 8 2 -0.52 0.27 322 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59

279 8 2 -0.52 0.27 323 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

280 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 324 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

281 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 325 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

282 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 326 8 2 -0.52 0.27

283 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 327 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

284 12 3 0.48 0.23 328 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

285 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 329 12 3 0.48 0.23

286 13 3.25 0.73 0.53 330 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

287 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 331 8 2 -0.52 0.27

288 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 332 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

289 8 2 -0.52 0.27 333 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

290 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 334 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

291 12 3 0.48 0.23 335 14 3.5 0.98 0.96

292 12 3 0.48 0.23 336 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07

293 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 337 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

294 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 338 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04

295 8 2 -0.52 0.27 339 12 3 0.48 0.23

296 9 2.25 -0.27 0.07 340 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

297 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 341 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

298 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 342 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

299 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 343 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

300 8 2 -0.52 0.27 344 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61

301 8 2 -0.52 0.27 345 12 3 0.48 0.23

302 11 2.75 0.23 0.05 346 12 3 0.48 0.23

303 6 1.5 -1.02 1.04 347 15 3.75 1.23 1.51

304 5 1.25 -1.27 1.61 348 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

305 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 349 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00

306 7 1.75 -0.77 0.59 350 8 2 -0.52 0.27

307 8 2 -0.52 0.27 351 11 2.75 0.23 0.05

308 10 2.5 -0.02 0.00 352 13 3.25 0.73 0.53

35


Calculating Standard Deviation

Calculating value of ‘Z’

Z = 2.43

Calculated Value vs. Standard Value

36


Conclusion of Hypothesis Testing

The value of Z > 1.96, hence out of the acceptance region and lies in the rejection region,

thus, we reject our NULL hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of

satisfaction will not accepted by the market

and we accept our ALTERNATIVE hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of

satisfaction will be accepted by the market.

Hence, what we had thought has been proved and students are wiling to have

those cigarettes which can provide them satisfaction, style etc. and proves to be

non-injurious to health.

37


MAJOR FINDINGS

The major findings of our study are:

1. About 30 out of 100 students who smokes are the Regular Smokers.

2. Mr. ShahRuk Khan is the favorite icon for students who smoke.

3. Around 71% percent the students who smoke buy their own cigarette and around

18% share their cigarette from friends.

4. A majority of students get more than Rs.600 as their pocket money per month.

5. Most of the students who smoke spend their 20% of their pocket money on cigarette

and on other tobacco products.

6. Females are also wiling to take cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives

reasonable level of satisfaction.

7. Most of the students adopt cigarette to have a style in their personality and later it

become an addiction.

8. More than 80% students think that the smokers don’t have any advantage over non-

smokers.

9. More than 30% students think that smoking once started can’t be quit.

10. Most of the students start smoking at the age of 16 on an average.

38


CONCLUSION

A major trend has been observed towards increasing habits of smoking among students.

The students are the backbone of every nation and they have to take a great care of

their health towards achieving higher goals in life and contributing to the economy.

Also cigarette companies and the government have to take initiative to provide students

with those cigarette products which don not cause health hazards to the students.

More and more students adopt cigarette for the style factor in early age and then later

it become addiction.

Our study was a sincere effort to know smoking habits among students and to test

the market feasibility of a cigarette which is non-injurious to health which has

been proved.

39


BIBLOGRAPHY

WEB SITES

ww.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.questionpro.com

BOOKS

Research Methodology – C.R. Kothari

Business Statistics – S.P. Gupta and M.P. Gupta

Research for Marketing Decisions - Paul E. Green, Donald S. Tull, Gerald Albaum

NEWSPAPERS

Times of India

The Economic Times

40

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Smoking Habbits of Students

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