Absolute Monarchies Nadzak 7 th Grade Social Studies
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The Magna Carta King John of England put his seal to the Magna
Carta, the fundamental English charter that limited the power of
the king. It guarantees English political liberties and contains
clauses that provide for a church free from domination by the
monarchy. It also reformed law and justice system of the time and
restricted the behavior of royal officials. Many constitutional
forms of government, including the U.S. Constitution, trace their
lineage back to the Magna Carta.
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King John of England bound not only himself but his "heirs, for
ever" to grant "to all freemen of our kingdom" the rights and
liberties the great charter described. With the Magna Carta, King
John placed himself and England's future sovereigns and magistrates
within the rule of law.
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When representatives of the young republic of the United States
gathered to draft a constitution, they turned to the legal system
they knew and admired-- English common law as evolved from Magna
Carta. The American Constitution is "the Supreme Law of the Land,"
just as the rights granted by Magna Carta. This heritage is most
clearly apparent in our Bill of Rights.
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what it is Magna Carta what its not So what? context
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Monarchies vs Parliament James I succeeded Elizabeth I on the
throne of England. Many monarchs in Europe at that time believed in
divine right to rule but not the English not until James I. The
belief in divine right to rule was the belief that the kings power
to rule came from God and therefore, was ABSOLUTE!
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Parliament... Used to exercising its rights as representatives
for the English people Clashed with the king once he stated he had
ABSOLUTE power
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James I lived life of luxury & wanted to go to war so
wanted to raise taxes Parliament refused to form new tax laws
unless James agreed that a monarch couldnt make laws without
Parliaments approval When James son Charles I came to throne
Parliament forced him to agree to the Petition of Right before they
would agree to new taxes
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Petition of Right Added to basic rights of English people
Parliament alone had the right to impose taxes Once Charles got the
$$$$ he dismissed Parliament!!! UH-OH!
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what it is parliament what its not So what? context
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Enemies of the Kings Charles I & James I didnt just have
economic issues Puritans didnt like that the Church of England was
too much like the Roman Catholic Church they had $$$$ and land
& were elected to the House of Commons Both kings were
Protestant but supported Church of England
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Charles wanted $$ to fight Scotland... Scotts rebelled against
Charles b/c he wanted them to follow the Anglican prayer book
Parliament said WOO HOO no $$$ for you Charles! Charles tried to
arrest Parliament leaders but they were too slick for him instead a
mob went after him! He raised an army in northern England with his
loyalists
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The English Civil War 1642 1649 Royalists / Cavaliers = loyal
to King Charles Roundheads = Puritan supporters of Parliament
Stalemate until Puritans discovered Oliver Cromwell! Tried King
Charles for treason & publicly executed him!
REVOLUTIONARY!
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The RULE of OLIVER CROMWELL
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Are you paying
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Cromwell & the Puritans Sought to reform society Made laws
to abolish sinful activities
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1649 abolished monarchy & established COMMONWEALTH =
republican form of govt Wrote 1 st modern English constitution BUT
then destroyed it & became military dictator POWER HUNGRY!
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Restoration & Revolution!! New Parliament Charles II reigns
Celebration! Monarchy restored!
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Reign of Charles II Period of his rule = RESTORATION Habeas
corpus Parliamentary debate over Charles IIs successor (no sons
brother, James, was Catholic!) Beginning of political parties
(WHIGS = opposed James / TORIES = supported James) Charles died
James did indeed become king in 1685
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what it is Habeas Corpus what its not So what? context
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Do this homework or youll be SLIME! Reflect on habeas corpus do
we need it? write one page response!
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Ohhh James What were you thinking???? Offended subjects by
displaying Catholicism Appointed Catholics to high office which
broke the law Dissolved Parliament when it disagreed with him Had
son & England feared a succession of Catholic kings! EEE gads!
Sooooo...
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Parliament asked James IIs daughter, Mary (a Protestant), &
her hubby, William (a Netherland prince), to overthrow James for
the sake of Protestantism
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William led army to London in 1688 woosy James fled to France!
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION! (bloodless overthrow of King James II)
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Glorious Revolution !
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Why was the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION so glorious?
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Glorious Revolution
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After the Glorious Revolution... Several measures were taken in
England that would be classified as actions promoting a limited
government. These measures included a continuing move toward
Parliamentary supremacy and the protection of individual rights
with the establishment of the English Bill of Rights.
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After the Glorious Revolution... France and Russia are two
nations that continued to operate under and develop an unlimited
government during this time. Both created an absolutist system that
concentrated power in the hands of the monarch. Rights and freedoms
were severely limited and the few which did exist could be cast
aside through the actions of the monarch.
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After the Glorious Revolution... Three common ways that France
and Russia displayed unlimited authority were in raising taxes, in
dissolving the legislative body, and in using the military to
enforce its policies.
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In a limited government there are restraints placed upon the
power and authority of government In an unlimited government,
individual rights and freedoms are curbed and citizens are expected
to display total obedience to the government.
Authoritarian and totalitarian systems would be classified as
unlimited governments since both have no real restrictions to
control their actions against citizens and citizens have no
recourse against the government.
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There are many ways to restrain the power of government and
create a structure that is limited in nature. constitutionalism
(incorporating the principle of rule of law) democracy (granting
people authority in the functioning of government) separation of
powers (distributing the legislative, executive judicial powers to
several government bodies rather than allowing the concentration of
these powers into one body or person).
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Do this homework or youll be SLIME! Reflect on this quote write
one page response!
