Tilapia Global Supply and Demand in 2013.

Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.University of Arizona, Professor of Environmental Science

World Aquaculture Society, Past-President

Aquaculture without Frontiers, Past-Chairman

American Tilapia Alliance, Sec. Tres.

Adelaide, Australia .

June 2014

Tilapia: continuing to increase in popularity globally

• Tilapias are second only to the carps as a farmed food fish.

• In 2012 the global volume of farmed fish exceeded global volume of beef for the first time (FAO)

• Tilapia have unique characteristics that will facilitate its continued growth to someday surpass carp production.

Global production of some major farmed fishes

1980 1990 2000 2008 2010 2011 20120

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

TilapiaCatfish Salmon

Met

ric

tons

per

yea

r

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

World Tilapia Production of 4,677,613 mt in 2013

2008 Tilapia exports from China

US54%

Mexico16%

SubSahara Africa11%

Russia8%

EU5%

Others7%

Sales volume = 224,359 mt

2012 Tilapia exports from China

US56%

Mexico10%

SubSahara Africa2%

Russia6%

EU6%

Others20%

Sales

Farm gate prices for tilapia to Chinese farmers

Ex-farm prices for whole, live tilapia, China, 500-800 gramsNov. 2013: RMB 10.0 ($1.60/kg)

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

(es

t)

Me

tric

ton

s

Aquaculture Fishery

Global production of tilapia

Top Ten Seafoods (U.S.)per capita (lbs)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

T una 3 Shr imp 3 Shr imp 3.7 Shr imp 4.0 Shr imp 4.2 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.0 Shrimp 4.2 Shrimp 3.8

Shr imp 3.2 T una 2.9 T una 3.1 T una 3.4 T una 3.4 T una 3.1 T una 2.9 T una 2.7 T una 2.8 T una 2.5 T una 2.7 Tuna 2.6 Tuna 2.4

P ol lock 1.6 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.2 Salmon 2.2 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 1.8 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0

Salmon 1.5 P ol lock 1.2 P ol lock 1.1 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.5 P ol lock 1.6 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.34 P ol lock 1.45 T i lapia 1.45 P ollock 1.3 Tilapia 1.5

Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.0 T i lapia 1.0 T i lapia 1.14 T i lapia 1.19 T i lapia 1.21 P ol lock 1.2 Tilapia 1.3 P ollock 1.2

Cod 0.8 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.7 Cod 0.6 T i lapia 0.7 T i lapia 0.8 Catfi sh 0.97 Catfi sh 0.90 Catfi sh 0.92 Catfi sh 0.85 Catfi sh 0.8 P angasius 0.6 P angasius 0.7

Clams 0.5 Clams 0.5 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cod 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.7 Cr abs 0.68 Cr abs 0.61 Cr abs 0.59 Cr abs 0.6 Catfish 0.6 Crabs 0.5

Cr abs 0.4 Cr abs 0.4 Clams 0.5 T i lapia 0.5 Cr abs 0.6 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.5 Cod 0.47 Cod 0.44 Cod 0.42 Cod 0.5 Crabs 0.5 Cod 0.5

Flatfi sh 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.4 T i lapia 0.4 Clams 0.5 Clams 0.5 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.45 Flatfi sh 0.43 Clams 0.41 P angasius 0.4 Cod 0.5 Catfish 0.5

Scal lops 0.3 T i lapia 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Flatfi sh 0.32 Clams 0.42 P angasius 0.35 Clams 0.35 Clams 0.3 Clams 0.3

T i lapia 0.3

US Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,0001

990

199

2

199

4

199

6

199

8

200

0

200

2

200

4

200

6

200

8

201

0

201

2

Til

ap

ia (0

00's

of

kg o

f li

ve w

eig

ht)

Domestic Imports

Percentage of US finfish grocery sales: weekly sales averaged $608 per store

US Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic)437,000 mt of live weight (equivalent) - 2007

453,264 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2008465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2009)

579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2010)513,361 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2011)

613,406 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2012)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Met

ric

ton

s

Fillet FreshFillet Frozen

Whole Frozen

$0

$20,000,000

$40,000,000

$60,000,000

$80,000,000

$100,000,000

$120,000,000

$140,000,000

$160,000,000

$180,000,000

$200,000,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

$ US

Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.2002

Whole FrozenFillet FrozenFillet Fresh

$0

$200,000,000

$400,000,000

$600,000,000

$800,000,000

$1,000,000,000

$1,200,000,00019

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

12

$ US

Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.

Whole Frozen

Fillet Frozen

Fillet Fresh

$696,085,981(2009) $842,866,006(2010), $838,349,634 (2011)

$986,127,852 (2012)

• Imports to US in 2012 were $986,127,852• US production of 28,000,000 lbs at farm• 2012 US tilapia farm-gate sales were

$84,000,000• 2012 US Tilapia Sales estimate –• $986,127,852 + $84,000,000 =

$ 1,070,127,852

US Sales of tilapia

Selective breeding and genetic improvements

• Excellent breeding programs - G.I.F.T. - Malaysia- Acuaplan - Mexico- Genomar - Brasil and Norway- Chitralada – Thailand- TabTim – Thailand (CP Group)- GIFT Excell – Philippines- Molobicus - Philippines- GIFT Bangladesh

• Several in Israel • YY Supermale - Philippines and

Swansea, Egypt and Indonesia

Genetic improvements in tilapia

(From: Mair, G., 2002)

Tilapia Genome Project

• March 2011 - First assembly of the tilapia genome• Oreochromis niloticus – Nile Tilapia• http://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/pub/assemblies/

fish/tilapia/Orenil1/• Matching many segments to those known from

other fish• Publically available and freely accessible• Next frontier of genetic program for tilapia

The YY male technology

(GMT®)

Regions of rapid production growth• Vietnam – conversion of catfish cages to tilapia in

Mekong, and culture in all regions• Indonesia – cage culture, polycultures, rice culture• Malaysia – government support and private sector

investment• Bangladesh – government support and private sector

investment• Brasil – lots of available water, labor, land, feed• Thailand – better reporting, shrimp polyculture• Mexico – continued intensification, some govt

support, large and small private investments• Sub-Saharan Africa - commercialization

Mexico

4623 licensed farms 20,000 ton Dos Lagos

farm in Chiapas Second farm now

started, also by Regal Springs

Pathways in the use of tilapia as biomanipulator (and disease control?) in

shrimp farms for Vibrios and EMS

Promotion of Chlorella

dominance

Bioturbation of sediment

Production of natural

antimicrobials

Feeding on organic waste

IMPROVED SEDIMENT QUALITY

IMPROVED WATER

QUALITY

SUPRESSION OF GROWTH OF V. harveyi

and V. parahaemolyticus ?

Stocking and harvest schedule

Improvements in packaging

Traditional product forms

Yangon BBQ tilapia

Mexican-American street foods

Courtesy:Randall Brummett

Byproducts - Tilapia Leather

Pet treats

Tilapia Orange Juice

Tilapia pedicures and manicures

Global Tilapia Market TrendsPrices have been constant, only fresh fillets have increased

significantly, will not see increases beyond inflation

0

1

2

3

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5

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7

8

1992

1993

1994

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1997

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2007

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2009

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2011

2012

Fresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLive

$/kg

35

Tilapia Global Aquaculture Production1

99

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19

91

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8

1000 Metric tonnes REAL PRICE (USD/kg)

Sources: 1990-2009: FAO and Kevin Fitzsimmons; 2010-2012: Average of Helga Josupeit and Kevin Fitzsimmons estimates; 2013: Kevin Fitzsimmons; Prices US import frozen tilapia Jan- Jun: NMFS

Farmed Mexican

tilapia fillets in Tucson, Arizona Safeway

$15/kg

Global Aquaculture Tilapia Sales• For year 2000 =US $ 1,615,321,000

(FAO FishStat 2007)

• 2005 sales = $ 2,457,312,000(FAO FishStat 2007)

• 2010 sales = $ 5,680,410,000(FAO FishStat 2012)

• 2012 sales = $ 7,656,257,000(FAO FishStat 2014)

• 2013 sales > $ 9,000,000,000

Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(es

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tons

Future global tilapia aquaculture

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

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2011

2012

(est

)20

13 (e

st)

2014

(est

)20

15 (e

st)

Met

ric to

ns (0

00)

ISTA 11

Surabaya, Indonesia In conjunction with WAS Asia-Pacific Chapter Regal Springs, Surya University, Matahari Sakti

Feeds, AquaFish Innovation Lab, WorldFish, andAquaculture without Frontiers

May 2016

Conclusions

• Tilapia has long been called the aquatic chicken.

• Instead…...

• The “terrestrial tilapia”

Conclusions• Global tilapia production was 4,507,002

metric tons in 2012 (FAO, 2014), should exceed 4,800,000 MT in 2014. (6% growth)

• Constantly improving farming, processing and packaging for food safety, quality assurance, traceability, and environmental safeguards (with little, if any, increase in price).

• Other aquaculture species will follow the tilapia model.

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Thank youQuestions?

Tilapia: the most fun aquaculture species of the 21st century

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh2673ncWJg