Torts Cases (4)

7/24/2019 Torts Cases (4)

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[G.R. No. 120921. January 29, 1998.]

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaini!!"#$$%ll%%, &. FELIPE '#LLESTEROS, (ES#R G#LO

an) #L*IN '+L+S#N, #u-%)"#$$%llan-.

E ( I S I O N

RO/ERO, J.

Ti- i- an a$$%al !ro % )%i-ion o! % R%3ional Trial (our o! 'an3ui, Iloo- Nor%, 'ran 19,

!in)in3 % au-%) 3uily 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 o! ur)%r, 5uali!i%) 4y r%a%ry, a- ar3%) un)%r

#ril% 268 o! % R%&i-%) P%nal (o)%, a- a%n)%), o 7ianro4l%- &irual la7li4rary

HEREFORE, % (our !in)- % r%% au-%) 3uily 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 o! ur)%r, 5uali!i%)

4y r%a%ry, a- ar3%), )%!in%) an) $%nali:%) un)%r #ril% 268 o! % R%&i-%) P%nal (o)%, a-

a%n)%), an) a$$lyin3 #ril% 268 o! % R%&i-%) P%nal (o)% %r%4y -%n%n%- % o r%lu-ion

$%r$%ua, 7i all % a%--ory $%nali%- $ro&i)%) 4y la7, an) !ur%r -%n%nin3 % o $ay ;oinly

an) -oli)arily P?0,000.00@, oral )aa3%- in % aoun o! TENT= THO+S#N PESOS >P20,000.00@,

an) aual )aa3%- in % aoun o! THIRT="FI*E THO+S#N SE*EN H+NRE FIFT="FI*E

PESOS >PA?,B??.00@, 7i in%r%-C

2. T% %ir- o! % la% E)uar)o Tol%nino, Sr., o$%n-aory )aa3%- in % aoun o! FIFT=

THO+S#N PESOS >P?0,000.00@, oral )aa3%- in % a oun o! TENT= THO+S#N PESOS

>P20,000.00@, an) aual )aa3%- in % oal aoun o! SIDT="ONE THO+S#N SE*EN H+NRE

EIGHT="FI*E PESOS >P1,B8?.00@, 7i in%r%-C

A. (ar%lo #3lia, aual )aa3%- in % aoun o! TO THO+S#N #N THREE PESOS

#N FORT= (ENT#*OS >P2,00A.60@, an) oral )aa3%- in % aoun o! TEN THO+S#N PESOS

>P10,000.00@, 7i in%r%-C

6. *i)al #3lia Jr., Ro4%r (aal an) Ronn%l Tol%nino, oral )aa3%- in % aoun o! FI*E

THO+S#N PESOS >P?,000.00@ %a, 7i in%r%-.

?. T% o--.

T% au-%) -all 4% r%)i%) in % -%r&i% o! %ir -%n%n% % !ull i% )urin3 7i %y a)

un)%r3on% $r%&%ni&% i$ri-on%n, i! %y a3r%%) &olunarily in 7riin3 o a4i)% 4y % -a%

)i-i$linary rul%- i$o-%) u$on on&i%) $ri-on%r-, o%r7i-%, %y -all 4% r%)i%) in % -%r&

%r%o! 7i only !our"!i!- o! % i% )urin3 7i %y a) un)%r3on% $r%&%ni&% i$ri-on%n

In % 7ar -u%r %&%nin3 o! /ay 28, 1991, (ar%lo #3lia, i- al!"4ro%r E)uar)o Tol%ni

Ronn%l Tol%nino, *i)al #3lia, i- 4ro%r J%rry #3lia, Ro4%r (aal, Rayun)o 'an3i an) /a

'ari) on&%r3%) a a arin)%ria o7n%) 4y Ronn%l Tol%nino a Ganayao, Pa-u5uin, Iloo- Nor%

$ro%%)%) o % 4aran3ay all a (aru-i$an o a%n) a )an%. T% 3rou$ )i) no arry !or lon3 a

)an% 4%au-% %y -%n-%) -o% o-iliy !ro (%-ar Galo an) i- o$anion- 7o 7%r% 3i&in

)a33%r loo-. In or)%r o a&oi) rou4l%, %-$%ially )urin3 % !%-i&iy, %y )%i)%) o %a) !or o

in-%a) o! r%ain3 o % $%r%i&%) $ro&oaion o! Galo an) i- o$anion-.

T% 3rou$ a) 4ar%ly l%! 7%n, 7iin !i!y %%r- !ro % )an% all, %ir o7n%r ;%%$ 7a- !ir%)

!ro % r%ar. *i)al #3lia 7a- a4l% o ;u$ ou !ro % %a-%rn -i)% o! % o$)o7n ;%%$ an)

;u- 4%-i)% i. H% -urri%) o % -i)% o! % roa) an) i) in % ri%!i%l). Hi- youn3%r 4ro%r J%r

ana3%) o ;u$ ou, 4u 7a- -o in % -oa an) )i%). 2 (ar%lo #3lia, Ro4%r (aal an

Ronn%l Tol%nino -u-ain%) in;uri%- in % ri3 !oo, 4a o! % ri3 i3, an) l%3- an) i3-,

r%-$%i&%ly. A T% -unn%) E)uar)o Tol%nino 7a- no %&%n a4l% o o&% !ro i- -%a an) 7a-

a 4ull% 7i $unur%) i- ri3 i)n%y. 6 H% )i) no -ur&i&%. T% $r%i$ia% aa u$on % ;%

7o $%o$l% )%a) an) !our o%r- in;ur%).

'a-%) u$on % a!!i)a&i- o! (ar%lo an) *i)al #3lia, 7arran- !or % arr%- o! 'all%-%ro-, Ga

'ulu-an 7%r% i--u%). (ar3%) 7i % ri% o! )ou4l% ur)%r 7i uli$l% !ru-ra%) ur)%r, a

in!oraion 7a- !il%) a- !ollo7-;3anro4l%-.o.$

Ta on or a4ou >-i@ /ay 28, 1991, in % /unii$aliy o! Pa-u5uin, Iloo- Nor%, Pili$$in%- an

7iin % ;uri-)iion o! % Honora4l% (our, % a4o&%na%) au-%), ni3i% $ur$o-%ly -o

7i %&i)%n $r%%)iaion an) r%a%ry, on!%)%rain3 an) uually %l$in3 on% ano%r, )i)

%r%, 7i in%n o ill, 7ill!ully, unla7!ully an) !%loniou-ly aa an) -o E)uar)o Tol%nino Sr.

#3lia, *i)al #3lia, (ar%lo #3lia, Ro4%r (aal an) Ronn%l Tol%nino, 7i % u-% o! !ir%ar

7i au-%) % )%a o! E)uar)o Tol%nino Sr. an) J%rry #3lia an) %r%4y in!liin3 3un-o

7oun)- o *i)al #3lia, (ar%lo #3lia, Ro4%r (aal an) Ronn%l Tol%nino a&in3 $%r!or%)

a- 7i 7oul) a&% $ro)u%) % ri% o! /ur)%r, 4u 7i )i) no 4y r%a-on o! au-%-

in)%$%n)%n o! % 7ill o! % )%!%n)an, na%ly % a4l% an) i%ly %)ial a--i-an% 3i&%n o*i)al #3lia, (ar%lo #3lia, Ro4%r (aal an) Ronn%l Tol%nino 7i $r%&%n%) %ir )%a.

&irua1a7 li4rary


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#ll $l%a)%) no 3uily. Para!!in %-- on)u%) on Galo an) 'all%-%ro- $ro)u%) $o-ii&% r%-ul-.

'ulu-an 7a- no %-%) !or nira%-.

In i- %-iony, Galo lai%) a % )i) no %&%n al o 'ulu-an or any o! i- o$anion- a %

4a-%4all our, a- all%3%) 4y % o$lainan-. Ha&in3 4%%n !oun) 7i 3un$o7)%r r%-i)u% in i-

an)-, Galo a%$%) o %ul$a% i-%l! !ro % r%-ul- 4y on!%--in3 a % a) 4%%n a i3ar%%

-o%r !or % $a- %n y%aran) a), in !a, ;u- on-u%) %i3 i3ar%% -i- $rior o % %-. H%

!ur%r a--%r%) a $ara!!in %-- ar% no in!alli4l%, an) a i- an) ay a&% 4%%n onaina%) 4y a

niro3%nou- o$oun), % -our% o! 7i i- urin%. La-ly, % -ai) a % 7a- no %&%n $r%-%n a %

ri% -%n% 7%n % !irin3 ini)%n oo $la%C %n%, % oul) no a&% 4%%n on% o! o-% 7o

-ra!%) % ;%%$. ?

For i- $ar, 'all%-%ro- in%r$o-%) % )%!%n-% o! ali4i, narrain3 o % our a, on /ay 28, 1991, a

aroun) B00 olo in % %&%nin3, % 7%n o a n%ar4y -or% o $ura-% -o% i3ar%%-. H% r%urn%)

o% 7iin iry inu%- an) l%an%) i- 3arli 4ul4- 4%!or% r%irin3 a 900 olo. T% n% ornin3,

% 4u-i%) i-%l! 7i -o% or%-, 7i inlu)%) !%rili:in3 i- $%$$%r $lan- 7i -ul!a%. H% an)l%)

% !%rili:%r- 7iou 3lo&%-. To oun%r % !in)in3 o! ra%- o! nira%- on i- l%! an), 'all%-%ro-

ainain%) a % u-%- i- l%! an) in li3in3 i3ar%%-, a- i 7a- &%ry $ain!ul !or i o u-% i- ri3

an). H% li%7i-% in!or%) % rial our a % a) no oi&% o ill % &ii-.

'ulu-an %o%) % )%!%n-% o! ali4i o! Galo an) 'all%-%ro-, -ain3 a % -a7 only Galo on %

%&%nin3 o! % )an% 4u )i) no al o i. H% )%ni%) ;oinin3 % 7o la%r a ni3 4%au-% a!%r %

)an%, % 7%n -rai3 o % ou-% o! /ia%l *iloria, 7%r% % -$%n % ni3 unil % 7%n o 7or a

B00 olo in % ornin3 o! % !ollo7in3 )ay. B

T% rial our !oun) % r%% au-%) 3uily 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 o! ur)%r, 5uali!i%) 4y r%a%ry,

a- ar3%), )%!in%) an) $%nali:%) un)%r #ril% 268 o! % R%&i-%) P%nal (o)%

T% au-%) no7 o% o % Hi3 (our on a$$%al, $rayin3 a % )%i-ion o! % rial our 4%

r%&%r-%) an) a a n%7 on% 4% %n%r%) a5uiin3 % o! % ar3%-.

T% $rini$al 5u%-ion o 4% r%-ol&%) a- o )o 7i % %ri- o! % )%i-ion o! % lo7%r our. a- i

orr% in !in)in3 au-%)"a$$%llan- 3uily 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 % an-7%r in % a!!irai&%.

#u-%)"a$$%llan- in-i- a % rial our %rr%) in !in)in3 a (ar%lo an) *i)al #3lia r%o3ni:%)

% a- % a--ailan-. Ti- lai i- un%rioriou-. In %ir %-ioni%-, (ar%lo an) *i)al #3lia 4o)%-ri4%) % ar%a o 4% 7%ll illuin%) 4y % oon. T% -ooin3 oo $la% on a -all roa) in %

ounainou- %rrain- o! Iloo- Nor%, 7%r% % air i- !r%% !ro )ar%nin3 %l%%n- an) ur4i)iy. I

4%in3 a -u%r %&%nin3, %r% oul) no a&% 4%%n any !o3 o 4%lou) % ao-$%r% an) a$%r %

&i-ion o! % &ii-, 7i 7oul) a&% $r%&%n%) % !ro l%arly -%%in3 %ir a--ailan-. T%y

$in$oin%) % loaion o! % al%!aor- o 4% a$$roia%ly r%% %%r- !ro 7%r% %y -oo). 8

(on-i)%rin3 % luin%-%n% o! % oon an) % $roiiy 4%7%%n %, % &ii- oul) )i

i)%ni!y %ir a--ailan-. I u- 4% no%) a (ar%lo 7a- a5uain%) 7i Galo an) i- 4ro%r

4u%r, -in% % u-%) o )%al 7i % in i- 4u-in%-- o! 4uyin3 an) -%llin3 al%. 9 'ulu-an 7

la--a% o! *i)al a (a)araan Sool. G%n%rally, $%o$l% in rural ounii%- no7 %a o%

4y !a% an) na%. 10 'ulu-an an) #3lia 7%r%, no only o7na%-, 4u !or%r la--a%- a- 7

T% on-an in%raion 4%7%%n % rou3 % y%ar- 7oul) n%%--arily l%a) o !ailiariy 7i

o%r -u a, a % &%ry l%a-, on% 7oul) a&% 4%%n a4l% o r%o3ni:% % o%r %a-ily.

Ta au-%)"a$$%llan- a) no oi&% in $%r$%rain3 % o!!%n-% i- irr%l%&an. # )i-inion i-

i%ly a)% 4%7%%n oi&% an) in%n. /oi&% i- % o&in3 $o7%r 7i i$%l- on% o aion

)%!ini% r%-ul. In%n, on % o%r an), i- % $ur$o-% o u-% a $ariular %an- o %!!% -u r

11 /oi&% alon% i- no $roo! o! ri%. 12 In or)%r o i$ % -al%- in i- !a&or, in%n an) no oi&

4% %-a4li-%) 4y % $ro-%uion. /oi&% i- ar)ly %&%r an %--%nial %l%%n o! a ri%. # an

4y %r%% oral $%r&%r-ion ay 4% l%) o oi a ri%, 7iou a r%al oi&% 4u ;u- !or %

oiin3 i. 1A #lon3 % -a% lin%, a an 7o oi- a ri% 7i an a$$ar%n oi&% ay

$ro)u% )i!!%r%n r%-ul-, !or 7i % i- $uni-%). #- %l) in a lin% o! a-%-, % rul% i- 7%ll"-%

% $ro-%uion n%%) no $ro&% oi&% on % $ar o! % au-%) 7%n % la%r a- 4%%n $o-i

i)%ni!i%) a- % auor o! % ri%. 16 La or a4-%n% o! oi&% !or oiin3 % ri% )o%-

$r%lu)% on&iion %r%o! 7%r% %r% 7%r% r%lia4l% 7in%--%- 7o !ully an) -ai-!aorily i)%n

au-%) a- % $%r$%raor o! % !%lony. 1?

#u-%)"a$$%llan- a%$ o o!!%r 7il) %u-%- r%3ar)in3 % -our% o! % 3un$o7)%r ra%-on %ir an)- i- !uil%. E$%r- on!ir % $o--i4iliy a i3ar%%-, !%rili:%r- an) urin% ay l%a

ra%- o! nira%-, 4u %-% ar% inial an), unli% o-% !oun) in 3un$o7)%r, ay 4% 7a-%) o

a$ 7a%r.

T% an%y%) )%!%n-% o! ali4i in%r$o-%) 4y au-%)"a$$%llan- u- li%7i-% !ail. #- on-i-%

%nunia%) 4y i- (our, % %-a4li-%) )orin% i- a, !or % )%!%n-% o! ali4i o $ro-$%r, % a

u- $ro&%, no only a % 7a- a -o% o%r $la% a % i% o! % oi--ion o! % ri%,

al-o a i 7a- $y-ially i$o--i4l% !or i o 4% a % lou- )%lii or 7iin i- i%)ia% &iin

Ti- au-%)"a$$%llan- !ail%) o -ai-!aorily $ro&%. On % ni3 o! /ay 28, 1991, Galo an) 'u

a%n)%) % )an% a % 4aran3ay all. #!%r % )an%, %y 7%n %ir -%$ara% 7ay- 4u r%

7iin % 4aran3ay. Galo lin3%r%) in % $r%i-%-. 'ulu-an -l%$ o&%r a % ou-% o! /ia%l *

7i 7a- 7iin 7alin3 )i-an% !ro % )an% all.anro4l%- &irual la7li4rary

T% )%!%n-% o! ali4i u- 4% %-a4li-%) 4y $o-ii&%, l%ar an) -ai-!aory %&i)%n%, % r%a-on

a i i- %a-ily anu!aur%) an) u-ually -o unr%lia4l% a i an rar%ly 4% 3i&%n r%)%n%. 1B T

%-$%ially ru% in a-% o! $o-ii&% i)%ni!iaion o! % ul$ri 4y r%lia4l% 7in%--%-, 18 7i r%n)

ali4i- 7orl%--. 19 Po-ii&% i)%ni!iaion $r%&ail- o&%r )%nial- an) ali4i-. 20


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#u-%)"a$$%llan- ar% un)%r % oon i-on%$ion a $roo! 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 r%5uir%-

oal !r%%)o !ro any 5uanu o! )ou4. Ti- i- no -o. +n)%r S%ion 2, Rul% 1AA o! % Rul%- o!

(our,

>$@roo! 4%yon) r%a-ona4l% )ou4 )o%- no %an -u a )%3r%% o! $roo! a-, %lu)in3 $o--i4iliy o!

%rror, $ro)u%- a4-olu% %rainy. /oral %rainy only i- r%5uir%), or a )%3r%% o! $roo! 7i

$ro)u%- on&iion in an un$r%;u)i%) in).rala7 &irua1a7 li4rary

#4-olu% %rainy o! 3uil i- no )%an)%) 4y la7 o on&i a $%r-on o! a riinal ar3%. T% )ou4 o

% 4%n%!i o! 7i an au-%) i- %nil%) in a riinal rial i- a r%a-ona4l% )ou4, no a 7i-ial or!ani!ul )ou4 4a-%) on ia3in%) 4u 7olly i$ro4a4l% $o--i4ilii%- an) un-u$$or%) 4y %&i)%n%. 21

R%a-ona4l% )ou4 i- a %n3%n)%r%) 4y an in&%-i3aion o! % 7ol% $roo! an) ina4iliy, a!%r -u

in&%-i3aion, o l% % in) r%- %a-y u$on % %rainy o! 3uil. 22 # $r%i-% %a$l% 7oul) 4% %

unorro4ora%) ali4i o! au-%) in % a-% a 4ar 7%r% au-%)"a$$%llan- in)i&i)ually in%r$o-%) %

7a&%rin3 )%!%n-% o! ali4i. Galo !ail%) o %lui)a% on i- 7%r%a4ou- a!%r % )an%, 7%r%a- 'ulu-an

lai%) o a&% -l%$ in % ou-% o! on% /ia%l *iloria. 'all%-%ro- a%-%) a % 7a- no a %

)an% all a all. Non% o! %, o7%&%r, a%$%) o orro4ora% %ir ali4i rou3 % %-iony o!

7in%--%-. In !a, %y n%&%r a%$%) o $r%-%n a- 7in%--%- o-% 7o oul) a&% %-i!i%) o

a&in3 -%%n % %l-%7%r% on % ni3 in 5u%-ion. Ha) %y )on% -o, % $r%-%naion o!

orro4orai&% %-iony 7oul) a&% r%in!or%) %ir )%!%n-% o! ali4i. #- %l) in P%o$l% &. Li3oan, 2A an

ali4i u- 4% -u$$or%) 4y r%)i4l% orro4oraion !ro )i-in%r%-%) 7in%--%-, an) 7%r% -u )%!%n-%

i- no orro4ora%), i i- !aal o % au-%).

T% (our orr%ly rul%) in !in)in3 a % o!!%n-% 7a- 5uali!i%) 4y r%a%ry. +n)%r Para3ra$ 1,

#ril% 16 o! % R%&i-%) P%nal (o)%, >@%r% i- r%a%ry 7%n % o!!%n)%r oi- any o! % ri%-

a3ain- % $%r-on %$loyin3 %an-, %o)- or !orin % %%uion %r%o! 7i %n) )ir%ly an)

-$%ially o in-ur% i- %%uion 7iou ri- o i-%l! ari-in3 !ro % )%!%n-% 7i % o!!%n)%) $ary

i3 a%. T% r%5ui-i%- o! r%a%ry ar% 7o!ol) >1@ >@a a % i% o! % aa, % &ii 7a-

no in a $o-iion o )%!%n) i-%l!C an) >2@ a % o!!%n)%r on-iou-ly a)o$%) % $ariular %an-,

%o) or !or o! aa %$loy%) 4y i. 26 #- r%3ar)- % -%on) r%5ui-i%, % au-%) u- a%

-o% $r%$araion o ill i- &ii in -u a ann%r a- o in-ur% % %%uion o! % ri% or o a% i

i$o--i4l% or ar) !or % $%r-on aa%) o )%!%n) i-%l! or r%alia%. 2? T%r% u- 4% %&i)%n%

a -u !or o! aa 7a- $ur$o-%ly a)o$%) 4y % au-%). 2 H%r%, i i- o4&iou- a % au-%)"

a$$%llan- a) -u!!ii%n o$$oruniy o r%!l% on %ir %inou- $lan. T% !a- -o7 a % aa 7a-

7%ll"$lann%) an) no %r%ly a r%-ul o! % i$ul-i&%n%-- o! % o!!%n)%r-. /ani!%-aion- o! %ir %&il)%-i3n- 7%r% alr%a)y a$$ar%n a- %arly a- % i% o! % )an%. T%y 7%r% 7%ll"ar%) an)

a$$roa%) % o%4oun) &ii-, oally una7ar% o! %ir $r%-%n%, !ro 4%in). T%r% 7a- no

o$$oruniy !or % la%r o )%!%n) %-%l&%-, % aa 4%in3 -o -u))%n a E)uar)o Tol%nino 7a-

-o ri3 7%r% % -a.

T% rial our 7a- al-o orr% in % a7ar) o! )aa3%- o % %ir- o! % &ii-. aa3%- a

)%!in%) a- % $%uniary o$%n-aion, r%o$%n-%, or -ai-!aion !or an in;ury -u-ain%), or a

o%r7i-% %$r%--%), % $%uniary on-%5u%n%- 7i % la7 i$o-%- !or % 4r%a o! -o

or % &iolaion o! -o% ri3. 2B #ual or o$%n-aory )aa3%- ar% o-% a7ar)%) in -ai-!a

or in r%o$%n-% !or, lo-- or in;ury -u-ain%), 28 7%r%a- oral )aa3%- ay 4% in&o%) 7%n

o$lainan a- %$%ri%n%) %nal an3ui-, -%riou- ani%y, $y-ial -u!!%rin3, oral -o a

!or, an) a) !ur%ror% -o7n a %-% 7%r% % $roia% r%-ul o! % o!!%n)%r- 7ron3!ul

oi--ion. 29 In 3ranin3 aual or o$%n-aory )aa3%-, % $ary ain3 a lai !or -u u

$r%-%n % 4%- %&i)%n% a&aila4l%, &i:., r%%i$-, &ou%r-, an) % li%, A0 a- orro4ora%) 4y %-iony. A1 H%r%, % lai !or aual )aa3%- 4y % %ir- o! % &ii- i- no onro&%r%),

-a% a&in3 4%%n !ully -u4-ania%) 4y r%%i$- auula%) 4y % an) $r%-%n%) o % ou

T%r%!or%, % a7ar) o! aual )aa3%- i- $ro$%r. Ho7%&%r, % or)%r 3ranin3 o$%n-aory )a

o % %ir- o! J%rry #3lia an) E)uar)o Tol%nino Sr. u- 4% a%n)%). (on-i-%n 7i % $o

i- (our, % aoun o! !i!y ou-an) $%-o- >P?0,000.00@ i- 3i&%n o % %ir- o! % &ii- 4y

in)%niy, an) no a- o$%n-aory )aa3%-. AA #- r%3ar)- oral )aa3%-, % aoun o!

$-yolo3ial $ain, )aa3% an) in;ury au-%) o % %ir- o! % &ii-, alou3 in%-ia4l%, A

4% )%%rin%) 4y % rial our in i- )i-r%ion. H%n%, 7% -%% no r%a-on o )i-ur4 i- !in)in3- a

i- a%r.

HEREFORE, $r%i-%- on-i)%r%), % )%i-ion a$$%al%) !ro i- %r%4y #FFIR/E ITH

/OIFI(#TION. No $ronoun%%n a- o o--.

SO ORERE.

G.R. No. 124706 February 22, 2000

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, pa!"#!$%appeee,&'.()RLITO ERE*O + )+SON, au'e-%appea"#.

GON)G)%RE+ES, /.

)u'e- (ar!#o ). Ereo appea' ro #e -e!'!o"1 -a#e- O#o27, 155 o #e Reg!o"a Tr!a (our#, Na#!o"a ap!#a Reg!o", r72, 8aabo", 8e#ro 8a"!a !" (r!!"a (a'e No. 1544%8N 9"-! gu!#y o #e r!e o ur-er a"- 'e"#e"!"g ! #o 'u$er pe"a#y o reu'!o" perpe#ua or #e -ea# o ROS)NN) HONR


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a"- or-er!"g ! #o pay #e e!r' o #e &!#! #e #o#a aou"# oP124,000.00.

Te !"ora#!o"2 9e- by )''!'#a"# Pro&!"!a Pro'eu#or Lea"-ro (.(a#ao aga!"'# au'e-%appea"# rea-'

Ta# o" or abou# #e 21'# -ay o /u"e 155, !" Na&o#a', 8e#ro8a"!a, a"- ;!#!" #e a'!g#. Ro'a""aepa!"e- #a# !# ;a' be!"g u'e- !" #e ;or= #a# u'# be 9"!'e-

a"- ;e" 9"!'e- ;ou- be #o #e be"e9# o a #e re'!-e"#' opae. ) ea#e- argue"# oo;e- ;! a-e Ro'a""a #o oa;ay #o a pae ="o;" #erea# a' a#o ;! pae o"'!'#' oo; oo; bo= e"e.

Teoe oo;e- er #o #e a#o a"- ;!# a"o#er per'o" 'a# bRo'a""a. Ereo a'o oo;e- Ro'a""a a"- #e argue"# be#;e#e #;o o #e o"#!"ue-. Ereo !'e 'a# a# #e a#o ;!# Ta"- o"e o#er per'o" 'epara#!"g ! ro Ro'a""a. Ereo a o'u--e" '#oo- up a"- -re; a ba-e- ;eapo" a"- ;!# !# '#abbeRo'a""a a# #e ba=. T!' a-e Ro'a""a #o ru" #o;ar-' a #r!y;! appe"e- #o be !" 'a!- pae bu# Ereo oo;e- er agaa"- ga&e a'e #o Ro'a""a re'u#!"g !" a '!#ua#!o" ;ereby #eo #e ;ou- be ru""!"g arou"- #e #r!ye.

Ro-oo Dea#era a'o appe"e- #o be !" #a# pae. He #r!e- #pa!y Ereo bu# ;a' !"'#ea- !# by #e a##er o" !' e# ar. Te!'e ;a' 'ou#!"g #o Ereo #o '#op ;a# e ;a' -o!"g bu# #a##er !g"ore- !.

Ro'a""a ;a' abe #o ru" a;ay ro #e #r!ye bu# !" #e pro

'#ube- a"- Ereo ;a' abe #o a# up ;!# er. Ereo #e" Ro'a""a ro"#ay by #e a!r a"- #erea#er '#abbe- er a# #ee'# #;!e. Ro'a""a 'upe- #o #e grou"- u#!"g er e'#!' po!"#, Teoe approae- Ro'a""a ;!e Dea#era ae- oRo'a""aC' pare"#'.

Ereo aga!" approae- Ro'a""a bu# ;!#ou# a#uay rea!"ge ra" a;ay ro #e pae.

Teoe #r!e- #o #a= #o Ro'a""a bu# Ro'a""a ou- "o# a"';er !a"yore a' boo- ;a' o!"g ou# o er ou#. Terea#er, Teboar-e- Ro'a""a o" a #r!ye ;!# ;! er rea#!&e' broug#'oe;ere e'e.

I" (our#, Teoe !-e"#!9e- Ereo a' #e a''a!a"# o Ro'a""a. He!-e"#!9e- #e -agger ;! ;a' reo&ere- !" a"o#er pae a' o"e u'e- by Ereo !" '#abb!"g Ro'a""a. Teoe a!"#a!"e- #a# a- 'ee" 'a!- -agger beore !" #e po''e''!o" o Ereo.


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Page6Te a! or o'# !"oe, "o# a&!"g bee" 'ub'#a"#!a#e- by a"y

-oue"# #a# ;! 'o; #a# Ro'a""a a# #e #!e o er -ea# ;a'ear"!"g P600.00 a -ay, '! -ay ?'!@ a ;ea= ?'!@ a""o# be'u'#a!"e-. (o'#' aga!"'# au'e- Ereo.

SO ORDERED.

)u'e-%appea"# appea' !' o"&!#!o" !#!"g a' o"e error #a#

THE TRI)L (O:RT ) :O ERRED IN (ONI(TING THE )((:SED(ONSIDERING TH)T HIS (ONSTIT:TION)L RIGHTS AERE IOL)TEDAHEN HE A)S )RRESTED AITHO:T ) A)RR)NT :NDER(IR(:8ST)N(ES AHI(H DO NOT A)RR)NT THE )PPLI()TION OFR:LE 113, SE(TION OF THE 15 R:LES OF (RI8IN)LPRO(ED:RE )LLOAING A)RR)NT%LESS )RRESTS :NDEREM(EPTION)L (IR(:8ST)N(ES.

)u'e-%appea"# a&er' #a# a#e !" #e "!g# o /u"e 21, 155;!e r!-!"g !" a #r!ye, SPO1 e"


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a&e a'o rue- #a# a" au'e- ay be e'#oppe- ro a''a!!"g#e !ega!#y o !' arre'# ! e a!' #o o&e or #e Jua'!"g o #e!"ora#!o" aga!"'# ! beore !' arra!g"e"#.7 )"- '!"e #eega!#y o a" arre'# a$e#' o"y #e a'!g#ro Ro'a""a, broug# #e 'ae #o #e !"#er!or o #e paeoo;e- by Ro'a""a ;o re#oo= #e >a'!g#B #e re#ur" o #e #;o#o #e pae o ;or= a"- #e argue"# be#;ee" #e #a# e"'ue-.He -e'r!be- #e '#abb!"g o Ro'a""a by Ereo, 9r'# a# #e ba=a"- #e" #;!e a# #e e'# ;!e Ereo ;a' o-!"g Ro'a""a by era!r.

Te Jua!y!"g !ru'#a"e o #reaery ;a' "o# e'#ab!'e- byo"&!"!"g e&!-e"e.10 Tere ;a' "o 'o;!"g #a# #e ea"',e#o- or a""er o a##a= ;a' -e!bera#ey a"- o"'!ou'ya-op#e- by #e au'e- a"- a#uay arr!e- ou# 'o ';!#y a"-u"epe#e-y 'o a' #o e"'ure !' 'ae#y ;!e re"-er!"g !' &!#!epe'' a"- u"abe #o -ee"- er'e.11 Tere !' "o #reaery

;e" #e =!!"g re'u#' ro a &erba a#era#!o" be#;ee" #e &a"- #e a''a!a"# 'u #a# #e &!#! u'# a&e bee" ore;aro #e !pe"-!"g -a"ger a' ;a' ou"- !" #e a'e a# bar.12 I# b'#re'' #a# #reaery !' "o# pre'ue-. I# a' #o be pro&e- a'o"&!"!"gy a' #e =!!"g !#'e.13 I" a#, #e ;e%'e##e- rue #a# a"y !ru'#a"e ;! ;ou- Jua!y a =!!"g #o ur-er be pro&e- a' !"-ub!#aby a' #e =!!"g !#'e.14 Tu', e&!-e"#pree-!#a#!o" a""o# a'o be appre!a#e- #o Jua!y #e =!!"gRo'a""a by #e au'e- #o ur-er. No e&!-e"e a- bee" a--!"-!a#!"g #a# au'e-%appea"# ear!er pa""e- a"- re'o&e-=! &!#! Ro'a""a Ho"rub!a a"- #a# e u"g #o !' pa" a"--e#er!"a#!o" or a o"'!-erabe e"g# o #!e beore e ee#e 'ae.1 For e&!-e"# pree-!#a#!o" #o be appre!a#e- a' aJua!y!"g !ru'#a"e, -!re# e&!-e"e u'# be a--ue- by #pro'eu#!o" o #e oo;!"g ?a@ #e pa""!"g a"- prepara#!o" a"- #e #!e #e o$e"-er -e#er!"e- #o =! !' &!#!B ?b@ a" a#e o$e"-er a"!e'#y !"-!a#!"g #a# e u"g #o !'-e#er!"a#!o" #o =! !' &!#!B a"- ?@ 'uK!e"# ap'e o #!ebe#;ee" #e -e#er!"a#!o" a"- #e eeu#!o" o #e =!!"g #o a!' o"'!e"e #o o&eroe #e re'ou#!o" o !' ;! a- e -e#o ear=e" #o !#' ;ar"!"g'.16

I" &!e; o #e ab'e"e o e&!-e"e e'#ab!'!"g #e aege-Jua!y!"g !ru'#a"e' o #reaery a"- e&!-e"# pree-!#a#!o#e r!e o a#ay '#abb!"g Ro'a""a Ho"rub!a o!##e- by #au'e- !' "o# ur-er bu# o"y o!!-e.17

)or-!"gy, #e appropr!a#e pe"a#y #o be !po'e- !' "o# reuperpe#ua bu# reu'!o" #epora.1 S!"e #ere are "e!#eraggra&a#!"g "or !#!ga#!"g !ru'#a"e' ou"- by #e #r!a o#e pe"a#y !" #!' a'e 'a be 9e- !" !#' e-!u per!o- oreu'!o" #epora15 ;! ra"ge' ro a !"!u o our#ee?14@ year', e!g# ?@ o"#' a"- o"e ?1@ -ay #o a a!u o'e&e"#ee" ?17@ year' a"- our ?4@ o"#'. Fur#er, appy!"g #

I"-e#er!"a#e Se"#e"e La;,20 #e !po'abe pe"a#y 'a be;!#!" #e ra"ge o #e pe"a#y "e# o;er !" -egree, !.e. pr!'!oayor a' !"!u #o reu'!o" #epora !" !#' e-!u per!o- #e a!u.21

O" #e !&! a'pe# o #e a'e, #e our# a Juo o&eroo=e- er#e&!-e"#!ary a#' !" !#' a;ar- o -aage'. For !"'#a"e, !" 'ee=


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PageH

reo&ery or a#ua -aage', !# !' "ee''ary #a# #e a!a"#pro-ue ope#e"# proo or #e be'# e&!-e"e ob#a!"abe 'u a'ree!p#' #o


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Page5

Ta# 'oe#!e o" #e o"# o Sep#eber, 1551 a# Sa&a!o", Ir!ga(!#y, P!!pp!"e', a"- ;!#!" #e


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Page10

)u'e-%appea"# N!o" 8aapo #e'#!9e- o" !' bea, ba'!aya!!"g a!b! a' !' -ee"'e. He pre'e"#e- a' ;!#"e''e' Fe!peE-ro'o a"- Sa"#o' Rao' #o orrobora#e !' a! #a# e a"-Rao' ;or=e- #oge#er a' -u= ;a#er' !re- by E-ro'o !" Sa"

/o'e, u!, (aar!"e' Sur, abou# 9#ee" =!oe#er' a;ay roSa&a!o", Ir!ga (!#y, ro /uy 1551 u"#! /a"uary1552.10rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

)u'e-%appea"# aege- #a# )a!a #ree #!e' a!e- #o !-e"#!y

! Ae" )a!a ;a' broug# beore #e bara"gay ap#a!"' oKe#o o"ro"# au'e-%appea"#, )a!a a!e- #o !-e"#!y ! -e'p!#e8r'. No' e$or# #o a=e er po!"# #o !. )a!a aga!" a!e- #o!-e"#!y ! a' er aege- a''a!a"# ;e" #ey ;ere #a=e" #o #epo!e ea-Juar#er' a"-, '#! a#er, beore Pro'eu#or /o'e Tagu o#e Ir!ga (!#y Pro'eu#or' oKe.11rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

)u'e-%appea"# 'ub!##e- a' -oue"#ary e&!-e"e a e-!aer#!9a#e12 'o;!"g #a# #e aege- &!#! ga&e b!r# #o a u%#er ae baby o" 8ay 1, 1552. He argue' #a# ! )a!a a-bee" rape- !" Sep#eber o 1551, 'e ou- "o# a&e bee"-e!&ere- o er baby o" 8ay 1, 1552.

O" /u"e 23, 155, #e #r!a our# re"-ere- !#' -e!'!o" 9"-!"gau'e-%appea"# gu!#y. Te -!'po'!#!&e por#!o" o !#' -e!'!o"rea-'

AHEREFORE, pre!'e' o"'!-ere-, #e (our# 9"-' #e au'e-,NIMON 8)L)PO, gu!#y beyo"- rea'o"abe -oub# o #e r!e orape -e9"e- a"- pe"a!e- u"-er )r#!e 33 o #e Re&!'e- Pe"a(o-e beore !#' ae"-e"# by Rep. )# No. 765, a' arge- !" #e!"ora#!o", a"- ereby 'e"#e"e' #e 'a!- au'e- #o 'u$er #epe"a#y o reu'!o" perpe#uaB #a# 'a!- au'e- !' ur#er or-ere-#o !"-e"!y #e pr!&a#e o$e"-e- par#y, )8)LI) TRINID)D, o #e'u o P0,000.00 a' ora -aage', a"- #o pay #e o'#'.

SO ORDERED.

He"e, #!' appea. )u'e-%appea"#' 'oe o"#e"#!o" !' #!'

)', aor-!"g #o E!b!# 1%), #e baby ;a' a u #er baby, !# !'u"!=ey, "ay u"be!e&abe, #a# 'ae baby ;a' #e ru!# o #e

aege- rape perpe#ra#e- 'oe#!e !" Sep#eber 1551, beau'ro Sep#eber 1, 1551 ?a''u!"g #a# #e rape #oo= pae oSep#eber 1, 1551, #ere be!"g "o e&!-e"e a' #o ;e" !"Sep#eber 1551 #e rape #oo= pae@ #o 8ay 1, 1552 ;e" #baby ;a' bor", !' a per!o- o o"y e!g# ?@ o"#' a"- #ree ?-ay', o"#rary #o #e (er#!9a#e ?E. 1 a"- 1%)@ #a# #e babyu #er ;e" -e!&ere-.

(o"'eJue"#y, #a# #e appea"# a- rape- #e opa!"!"g

;!#"e'' !" Sep#eber 1551 a"-, a' a re'u#, 'e beae preg"a"- ga&e b!r# #o er baby o" 8ay 1, 1552 !' '!py !probabe"e, ob&!ou'y a !e.

I# ou- #ereore be #a# #e baby o #e opa!"!"g ;!#"e'' ;a#ereby a"o#er a"B e"e, #ere !' 'er!ou' -oub# #a# #appea"# a- rape- 'ae opa!"!"g ;!#"e'' !" Sep#eber 1au'!"g er #o beoe preg"a"# a"- #o -e!&er a baby o" 8ay 1552.

I# a""o# be argue- #a# #e &!#! u'# a&e bee" area-ypreg"a"# ;e" 'e ;a' aege-y rape- beau'e #ere !' "oe&!-e"e #o #!' e$e#. Te !"ora#!o" a"- #e pro'eu#!o"e&!-e"e are #o #e e$e# #a# #e baby ;a' #e ru!# o #e aerape.13rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

Te o"#e"#!o" a' "o er!#.

) #e#boo= o" pe-!a#r!' '#a#e' #a# I"a"#' -e!&ere- beore ##!r#y%'e&e"# ;ee= o ge'#a#!o" ;!# a b!r# ;e!g# o e'' #a2,00 gra' ?)er!a"@ or 2,27 gra' ?F!!p!"o@ are o"'!-ereprea#ure.14 )" !"a"# a" #ereore be o"'!-ere- a u%#erbaby ! !# ;e!g' ore #a" 2,27 gra' e&e" ! !# !' bor" beor#!r#y%'e&e"# ;ee= ;! !' e'' #a" 5.3 o"#'. S!"e aor#o #e e-!a er#!9a#e ?E. 1@ )a!a' baby ;e!ge- 2.4=!ogra' or 2,400 gra', !# ;a' a u%#er baby e&e" ! !# ;a'bor" beore #e "ora ge'#a#!o" per!o-.

)r#!e 166 o #e Fa!y (o-e pro&!-e'

Leg!#!ay o a !- ay be !pug"e- o"y o" #e oo;!"ggrou"-'


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Page11?1@ Ta# !# ;a' py'!ay !po''!be or #e u'ba"- #o a&e 'eua

!"#erour'e ;!# !' ;!e ;!#!" #e 9r'# 120 -ay' o #e 300 -ay';! !e-!a#ey pree-e- #e b!r# o #e !- beau'e o

?a@ #e py'!a !"apa!#y o #e u'ba"- #o a&e 'eua!"#erour'e ;!# !' ;!eB

?b@ #e a# #a# #e u'ba"- a"- ;!e ;ere !&!"g 'epara#ey !"

'u a ;ay #a# 'eua !"#erour'e ;a' "o# po''!beB or

?@ 'er!ou' !"e'' o #e u'ba"-, ;! ab'ou#ey pre&e"#e-'eua !"#erour'eB

?2@ Ta# !# !' pro&e- #a# or b!oog!a or o#er '!e"#!9 rea'o"',#e !- ou- "o# a&e bee" #a# o #e u'ba"-, eep# !" #e!"'#a"e pro&!-e- !" #e 'eo"- paragrap o )r#!e 164B . . .

I" #e a'e a# bar, !# a" be !"erre- #a# o"ep#!o" ourre- a# orabou# #e #!e #a# au'e-%appea"# !' aege- #o a&e o!##e-#e r!e, !.e., ;!#!" 120 -ay' ro #e o!''!o" o #e o$e"'e!" Sep#eber 1551.1 Pur'ua"# #o )r#. 166 o #e Fa!y (o-e,au'e-%appea"# a" o&eroe #e pre'up#!o" #a# )a!a'!- ;a' bego##e" a' a re'u# o er a&!"g bee" rape- !"Sep#eber 1551 o"y ! e a" 'o; e!#er #a# !# ;a' py'!ay!po''!be or ! #o a&e 'eua !"#erour'e beau'e o !po#e"eor 'er!ou' !"e'' ;! ab'ou#ey pre&e"#' ! ro a&!"g 'eua!"#erour'e or #a# )a!a a- 'eua !"#erour'e ;!# a"o#er a".Ho;e&er, au'e-%appea"# a' "o# 'o;" e!#er o #e'e.

Te #e'#!o"y o )a!a, a' orrobora#e- by Ne"!#a No a"-er"ar-!#a 8arJu!"e, ea&e' "o -oub# !" our !"- #a# au'e-%appea"# !' #e a#er o #e !-. Tereore, !" aor-a"e ;!#)r#. 34 o #e Re&!'e- Pe"a (o-e, au'e-%appea"# 'ou- beor-ere- #o pay 'uppor#.

I" a"y e&e"#, #e !preg"a#!o" o a ;oa" !' "o# a" eee"# orape. Proo #a# #e !- ;a' a#ereby a"o#er a" -oe' "o#'o; #a# au'e-%appea"# !' "o# gu!#y, o"'!-er!"g #e po'!#!&e#e'#!o"y o )a!a #a# au'e-%appea"# a- abu'e- er. )' e-!" Peope &. )!b16rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

... :"-er )r#!e 33 o #e Re&!'e- Pe"a (o-e, rape !' o!#by a&!"g ar"a ="o;e-ge o a ;oa" u"-er a"y o #e oo;!ru'#a"e'

?1@ y u'!"g ore or !"#!!-a#!o"B

?2@ Ae" #e ;oa" !' -epr!&e- o rea'o" or o#er;!'eu"o"'!ou'B a"-

?3@ Ae" #e ;oa" !' u"-er #;e&e year' o age, e&e" #oug"e!#er o #e !ru'#a"e' e"#!o"e- !" #e #;o "e# pree-paragrap' 'a be pre'e"#.

I# !' #ereore Ju!#e ear #a# #e preg"a"y o #e &!#! !' "oreJu!re-. For #e o"&!#!o" o a" au'e-, !# !' 'uK!e"# #a# #pro'eu#!o" e'#ab!' beyo"- rea'o"abe -oub# #a# e a- ar="o;e-ge o #e o$e"-e- par#y a"- #a# e a- o!##e- 'ua# u"-er a"y o #e !ru'#a"e' e"uera#e- abo&e. (ar"a="o;e-ge !' -e9"e- a' #e a# o a a" a&!"g 'eua bo-!yo""e#!o"' ;!# a ;oa"B

I"-ee-, #e 9"-!"g' o #e #r!a our# -e'er&e #e grea# re'pe#u'uay aor-e- #e 9"-!"g' o #r!er' o a#' ;o a- #eoppor#u"!#y o ob'er&!"g #e -eea"or o #e ;!#"e''e' ;!e#e'#!y!"g. )a!a' !"ab!!#y #o rea #e ea# -a#e 'e ;a' rapa""o# a$e# er re-!b!!#y, e'pe!ay o"'!-er!"g er o"-!#!oeebe!"-e-"e''. I" Peope &. u!"o"e',17 ;! !"&o&e- #erape o a 2%year o- re#ar-a#e ;o a'o ou- "o# reou"# ;e'e ;a' rape- by #e au'e- !" #a# a'e, #!' (our# e-

Te -a#e o #e ourre"e o #e rape !' "o# a" e''e"#!a ee!" #e o!''!o" o #e rape. Ta# !' ;y #e )e"-e-I"ora#!o" rea-' #a# o" or abou# #e # o /u"e 155 . . .SuKe !# #o 'ay #a# !# ;a' 'o;" #a# rape u"-er )r#. 33, paro #e Re&!'e- Pe"a (o-e ;a' o!##e-, a"- #a# #e e&!-e"pre'e"#e- e'#ab!'e- beyo"- a ray o -oub# #a# au'e-%app;a' re'po"'!be #ereor.1rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

I# !' "o#e;or#y #a# !" #!' appea au'e-%appea"# -oe' "o#re!#era#e !' or!g!"a -ee"'e #a# !" Sep#eber 1551 e ;a' "


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Page13) +e', S!r.

)"- you ;! agree ;!# e #a# #!' ou- be #e rea'o" o '!#e a# #a# e area-y a- !' ;!e, a- !' a!y #a# e -!- "o#o"#!"uou'y '#ay !" u!, or #ree ?3@ o"#', bu# #a# e ;ou-ea&e Sa" /o'e, Saay a"- &!'!#e- !' a!y o"e !" a ;!e !"Sa&a!o" -ur!"g #a# #!eper!o-

) ery 'e-o, S!r.22rQQ;&!r#ua!brQry

I" o"u'!o", ;e o- #a# #e #r!a our# orre#y ou"- au'e-%appea"# gu!#y o rape. Ho;e&er, !# a!e- #o or-er au'e-%appea"# #o pay !"-e"!#y. )#er re!#!"g #a#, !" a r!!"a a'e',u"e'' #e o$e"-e- par#y re'er&e' #e r!g# #o !"'#!#u#e a 'epara#e!&! a#!o", 'e a' a r!g# #o reo&er !&! !"-e"!#y, #e #r!a our#a;ar-e- #e opa!"a"# !" #!' a'e ora -aage' o"y. )' ;ea&e epa!"e- !" a "uber o a'e',23 #e !"-e"!#y pro&!-e- !"r!!"a a; a' !&! !ab!!#y !' #e eJu!&ae"# o a#ua orope"'a#ory -aage' !" !&! a;. I# !', #ereore, 'epara#e a"--!'#!"# ro a"y a;ar- o ora -aage'. )' urre"#y 9e-, #e!"-e"!#y or rape !' P0,000.00. Ho;e&er, a' ;e a&e ree"#y

e- !" Peope &. !#or,24 ! rape !' o!##e- or !' Jua!9e- by a"yo #e !ru'#a"e' ;! u"-er #e a; ?R.). No. 4111 a"- R.).No. 765@ ;ou-


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a--!#!o" #o #e aou"# o P0,000.00 gra"#e- by #e #r!a our# a'ora -aage', a' ;e a' #o a="o;e-ge #e 9!a#!o" oopa!"a"#' o$'pr!"g a"- #o g!&e 'uppor#, #e aou"# o ;!'a be -e#er!"e- by #e #r!a our#. )or-!"gy, #e reor-' o#!' a'e are ereby RE8)NDED #o #e Reg!o"a Tr!a (our# or #e9!"g o #e aou"# o 'uppor#.

SO ORDERED.

G.R. No. 125025 )pr! 3, 2000

R)F)EL RE+ES TR:(UING (ORPOR)TION, pe#!#!o"er,&'.PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES a"- ROS)RIO P. D+ ?or er'e a"- o"bea o #e !"or' 8ar!a Lu!'a, Fra"!' E-;ar-, Fra"!' 8ar= a"-Fra"!' Raae, a 'ur"ae- Dy@, re'po"-e"#'.

P)RDO, /.

Te a'e !' a" appea &!a er#!orar! ro #e ae"-e- -e!'!o" 1 o#e (our# o )ppea'2 aKr!"g #e -e!'!o" a"- 'uppee"#a-e!'!o" o #e #r!a our#,3 a' oo;'

IN IEA OF THE FOREGOING,


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Page1

re'po"-e"#' ;!#-re; #e re'er&a#!o" #o 9e a 'epara#e !&! a#!o"aga!"'# #e au'e- a"- a"!e'#e- #a# #ey ;ou- pro'eu#e #e!&! a'pe# e -e!#o !" #e r!!"a a#!o".6 Ho;e&er, #ey -!- "o#;!#-ra; #e 'epara#e !&! a#!o" ba'e- o" Jua'! -e!# aga!"'#pe#!#!o"er a' epoyer ar!'!"g ro #e 'ae a# or o!''!o" o #eau'e- -r!&er.7

:po" agreee"# o #e par#!e', #e #r!a our# o"'o!-a#e- bo#r!!"a a"- !&! a'e' a"- o"-u#e- a ee#' o &e!e' or !re !' #e ;!#e #ru= #ra!er-e'r!be- abo&e -r!&e" by Roeo Du"a y Tuo, a -uy !e"'e--r!&er. )'!-e ro #e (orpora#!o"C' eora"-u #o a !#' -r!&er'a"- eper' #o py'!ay !"'pe# #e!r &e!e' beore ea #r!p?E. 1, par'. 4 W @, #e S8(C' TraK I"&e'#!ga#or%I"'pe#or

er#!9e- #e roa-;or#!"e'' o #!' A!#e Tru= #ra!er pr!or #o /u"e20, 155 ?E. 17@. I" a--!#!o" #o a proe''!o"a -r!&erC' !e"'e, !#a'o o"-u#' a r!g!- ea!"a#!o" o a -r!&er app!a"#' beore#ey are !re-.

I" #e eary or"!"g o /u"e 20, 155, #e A!#e Tru= -r!&e" byDu"a e# Tuguegarao, (agaya" bou"- #o Sa" Fer"a"-o, Papa"gaoa-e- ;!# 2,000 a'e' o ep#y beer Gra"-e bo##e'. Sea#e- a##e ro"# r!g# 'ea# be'!-e ! ;a' Fer-!"a"- Do!"go, !' #ru=eper ?pa!"a"#e !" P!!p!"o@. )# arou"- 400 oCo= #a# 'aeor"!"g ;!e #e #ru= ;a' -e'e"-!"g a# a '!g# -o;"gra-eao"g #e "a#!o"a roa- a# Tagara", (auaya", I'abea, !# approae-a -aage- por#!o" o #e roa- o&er!"g #e u ;!-# o #e #ru=C'r!g# a"e go!"g 'ou# a"- abou# '! e#er' !" e"g#. Te'e a-e#e 'urae o #e roa- u"e&e" beau'e #e po#oe' ;ere abou#9&e #o '! !"e' -eep. Te e# a"e parae #o #!' -aage-por#!o" !' 'oo#. )' "arra#e- by Fer-!"a"- Do!"go, beoreapproa!"g #e po#oe', e a"- Du"a 'a; #e N!''a" ;!# !#'ea-!g#' o" o!"g ro #e oppo'!#e -!re#!o". Tey u'e- #o

e&a-e #!' -aage- roa- by #a=!"g #e e# a"e bu# a# #a#par#!uar oe"#, beau'e o #e !"o!"g &e!e, #ey a- ru" o&er !#. T!' au'e- #e #ru= #o bou"e ;!-y. Du"a o'#o"#ro o #e ;ee' a"- #e #ru= ';er&e- #o #e e# !"&a-!"ga"e o #e N!''a". )' a re'u#, Du"aC' &e!e rae- #e!"o!"g N!''a" -ragg!"g !# #o #e e# 'ou-er o #e roa- a"-!be- a r!-ge abo&e 'a!- 'ou-er ;ere !# 9"ay '#oppe-. ?'E. )%, p. , reor-@. Te N!''a" ;a' 'e&erey -aage- ?E'7, )%, )%5 a"- )%14, pp. 5%11 reor-@, a"- !#' #;o pa''e"ger',

"aey Fe!!a"o a!#a a"- Fra"!'o Dy, /r. -!e- !"'#a"#y ?E15@ ro e#er"a a"- !"#er"a eorrage a"- u#!pe ra#u?pp. 1 a"- 16, reor-@.

For #e u"era epe"'e' o Fra"!'o Dy, /r. er ;!-o; 'pe"#P61,360.00 ?E. I%3@. )# #e #!e o !' -ea# e ;a' 4 yearHe ;a' #e Pre'!-e"# a"- (a!ra" o #e oar- o #e Dy"aAoo- Pro-u#' a"- De&eope"# (orpora#!o" ?DAP(@, a ;oo-proe''!"g e'#ab!'e"#, ro ;! e ;a' ree!&!"g a" !"oo P10,000.00 a o"#. ?E. D@. I" #e )r#!e' o I"orpora#!o"#e DAP(, #e 'pou'e' Fra"!'o Dy, /r. a"- Ro'ar!o Pere Dyappear #o be '#o=o-er' o 10,000 'are' ea ;!# par &aueP100.00 per 'are ou# o !#' ou#'#a"-!"g a"- 'ub'r!be- ap!#a

'#o= o 60,000 'are' &aue- a# P6,000,000.00 ?E'. U%1 W 10:"-er !#' 15 I"oe Ta Re#ur"' ?E. /@ #e DAP( a- a #a"e# !"oe o P7,455.30 ?E. /@. Fra"!'o Dy, /r. ;a' a La Sa:"!&er'!#y gra-ua#e !" u'!"e'' )-!"!'#ra#!o", pa'# pre'!-e"# #e Pa'ay /ayee', Na#!o"a Trea'urer a"- Pre'!-e"# o #e P!!

/ayee' !" 1571 a"- 1576, re'pe#!&ey, a"- Aor- !e%Pre'!-e/ayee' I"#er"a#!o"a !" 1575. He ;a' a'o #e re!p!e"# o"uerou' a;ar-' a' a !&! ea-er ?E. (@. H!' !-re" ;ere a'#u-y!"g !" pre'#!g!ou' 'oo' a"- 'pe"# abou# P10,000.00 o#e!r e-ua#!o" !" 15 ao"e ?E. H%4@.

)' '#a#e- ear!er, #e pa!"#!$'C prouree"# o a ;r!# o a##ao #e proper#!e' o #e (orpora#!o" ;a' -eare- !ega by #e(our# o )ppea'. I# ;a' 'o;" #a# o" Deeber 26, 155, DeSer!$ E-gar-o aba# o #e RT( a# Sa" Fer"a"-o, Papa"ga,a##ae- '! u"!#' o Tru= Tra#or' a"- #ra!er' o #e (orpora#!#' garage a# Sa" Fer"a"-o, Papa"ga. Te'e &e!e' ;ere =eu"-er P( guar- by #e pa!"#!$' !" 'a!- garage #u' pre&e"#!"g(orpora#!o" #o opera#e #e. Ho;e&er, o" Deeber 2, 155


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(our# o )ppea' -!''o&e- #e ;r!# ?p. 30, reor-@ a"- o" Deeber25, 155, 'a!- Ser!$ repor#e- #o #!' (our# #a# #e a##ae-&e!e' ;ere #a=e" by #e -ee"-a"#C' repre'e"#a#!&e, 8e!#a8a"ap! ?E. O, p. 31, reor-@. Te -ee"-a"#C' ge"era 8a"ager-eare- #a# !# o'# P21,000.00 per -ay or #e "o"%opera#!o" o #e'! u"!#' -ur!"g #e!r a##ae"# ?p. 31, #.'."., Na#!&!-a- (.abara", proee-!"g' o" Deeber 10, 1550@.

O" /u"e 6, 1552, #e #r!a our# re"-ere- a e- #o a ore!g" ou"#ry. y re'ou#!o" -a#e- Deeber 25, 155#e (our# o )ppea' -!'!''e- #e appea o #e au'e- !" #er!!"a a'e. 14

O" /a"uary 6, 1557, #e (our# o )ppea' re"-ere- a" ae"-e--e!'!o" aKr!"g #a# o #e #r!a our#, a' 'e# ou# !" #e ope"!paragrap o #!' -e!'!o". 1

O" /a"uary 31, 1557, pe#!#!o"er 9e- a o#!o" or reo"'!-era##e ae"-e- -e!'!o". 16

O" )pr! 21, 1557, #e (our# o )ppea' -e"!e- pe#!#!o"erC' o#or reo"'!-era#!o" or a= o er!# 17

He"e, #!' pe#!#!o" or re&!e;. 1

O" /uy 21, 1557, #e (our# reJu!re- re'po"-e"#' #o oe"# o#e pe#!#!o" ;!#!" #e" ?10@ -ay' ro "o#!e. 15


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Page17O" /a"uary 27, 155, #e So!!#or Ge"era 9e- !' oe"#. 20 O"

)pr! 13, 155, #e (our# gra"#e- ea&e #o pe#!#!o"er #o 9e a repya"- "o#e- #e repy !# 9e- o" 8ar 11, 155. 21

Ae "o; re'o&e #o g!&e -ue our'e #o #e pe#!#!o" a"- -e!-e #ea'e.

Pe#!#!o"er ra!'e' #ree ?3@ grou"-' or ao;a"e o #e pe#!#!o",

;!, o;e&er, bo! -o;" #o #;o ?2@ ba'! !''ue', "aey

1. 8ay pe#!#!o"er a' o;"er o #e #ru= !"&o&e- !" #e a!-e"# bee- 'ub'!-!ar!y !abe or #e -aage' a;ar-e- #o #e o$e"-e-par#!e' !" #e r!!"a a#!o" aga!"'# #e #ru= -r!&er -e'p!#e #e9!"g o a 'epara#e !&! a#!o" by #e o$e"-e- par#!e' aga!"'# #eepoyer o #e #ru= -r!&er

2. 8ay #e (our# a;ar- -aage' #o #e o$e"-e- par#!e' !" #er!!"a a'e -e'p!#e #e 9!"g o a !&! a#!o" aga!"'# #e epoyero #e #ru= -r!&erB a"- !" aou"#' eee-!"g #a# aege- !" #e!"ora#!o" or re=e'' !pru-e"e re'u#!"g !" o!!-e a"--aage #o proper#y 22

Ae gra"# #e pe#!#!o", re'o&!"g u"-er #e !ru'#a"e' pro a&!e #o rea"- #e a'e' #o #e #r!a our# or -e#er!"a#!o" o #e!&! !ab!!#y o pe#!#!o"er a' epoyer o #e au'e- -r!&er !" #e!&! a#!o" Jua'! e -e!#o re%ope"e- or #e purpo'e.

I" "eg!ge"e a'e', #e aggr!e&e- par#y a' #e o!e be#;ee"?1@ a" a#!o" #o e"ore !&! !ab!!#y ar!'!"g ro r!e u"-er )r#!e100 o #e Re&!'e- Pe"a (o-eB a"- ?2@ a 'epara#e a#!o" or Jua'!-e!# u"-er )r#!e 2176 o #e (!&! (o-e o #e P!!pp!"e'. O"e#e o!e !' a-e, #e !"


18/24

Page1HPur'ua"# #o #e pro&!'!o" o Rue 111, Se#!o" 1, paragrap 3 o #e

15 Rue' o (r!!"a Proe-ure, ;e" pr!&a#e re'po"-e"#', a'opa!"a"#' !" #e r!!"a a#!o", re'er&e- #e r!g# #o 9e #e'epara#e !&! a#!o", #ey ;a!&e- o#er a&a!abe !&! a#!o"'pre-!a#e- o" #e 'ae a# or o!''!o" o #e au'e-%-r!&er. Su!&! a#!o" !"u-e' #e reo&ery o !"-e"!#y u"-er #e Re&!'e-Pe"a (o-e, a"- -aage' u"-er )r#!e' 32, 33, a"- 34 o #e (!&!(o-e o #e P!!pp!"e' ar!'!"g ro #e 'ae a# or o!''!o" o #e

au'e-. 2

Te !"#e"#!o" o pr!&a#e re'po"-e"#' #o proee- pr!ar!y a"--!re#y aga!"'# pe#!#!o"er a' epoyer o au'e- #ru= -r!&erbeae earer ;e" #ey -!- "o# a'= or #e -!'!''a o #e !&!a#!o" aga!"'# #e a##er ba'e- o" Jua'! -e!#.

(o"'eJue"#y, #e (our# o )ppea' a"- #e #r!a our# erre- !"o-!"g #e au'e- !&!y !abe, a"- pe#!#!o"er%epoyer o #eau'e- 'ub'!-!ar!y !abe or -aage' ar!'!"g ro r!e ?e-e!#o@ !" #e r!!"a a#!o" a' #e o$e"-e- par#!e' !" a# 9e- a'epara#e !&! a#!o" aga!"'# #e epoyer ba'e- o" Jua'! -e!#re'u#!"g !" #e ;a!&er o #e !&! a#!o" e -e!#o.

I# !g# be argue- #a# pr!&a#e re'po"-e"#' a' opa!"a"#' !" #er!!"a a'e ;!#-re; #e re'er&a#!o" #o 9e a !&! a#!o" aga!"'##e -r!&er ?au'e-@ a"- a"!e'#e- #a# #ey ;ou- pur'ue #e!&! !ab!!#y o #e -r!&er !" #e r!!"a a#!o". Ho;e&er, #e;!#-ra;a !' !"e$e#!&e #o re&er'e #e e$e# o #e re'er&a#!o"ear!er a-e beau'e pr!&a#e re'po"-e"#' -!- "o# ;!#-ra; #e !&!a#!o" aga!"'# pe#!#!o"er ba'e- o" Jua'! -e!#. I" 'u a a'e, #epro&!'!o" o Rue 111, Se#!o" 1, paragrap 3 o #e 15 Rue' o"(r!!"a Proe-ure !' ear #a# #e re'er&a#!o" #o 9e or #e 9!"g oa 'epara#e !&! a#!o" re'u#' !" a ;a!&er o o#er a&a!abe !&!a#!o"' ar!'!"g ro #e 'ae a# or o!''!o" o #e au'e-. Rue111, Se#!o" 1, paragrap 2 e"uera#e- ;a# are #e !&! a#!o"'

-eee- ;a!&e- upo" 'u re'er&a#!o" or 9!"g, a"- o"e o ;! !'#e !&! !"-e"!#y u"-er #e Re&!'e- Pe"a (o-e. Rue 111, Se#!o"1, paragrap 3 o #e 15 Rue' o" (r!!"a Proe-ure 'pe!9aypro&!-e'

) ;a!&er o a"y o #e !&! a#!o"' e#!"gu!'e' #e o#er'. Te!"'#!#u#!o" o, or #e re'er&a#!o" o #e r!g# #o 9e, a"y o 'a!- a#!o"' 'epara#ey ;a!&e' #e o#er'.

Te ra#!o"ae be!"- #!' rue !' #e a&o!-a"e o u#!pe 'u!#'be#;ee" #e 'ae !#!ga"#' ar!'!"g ou# o #e 'ae a# or o!'o #e o$e"-er. Te re'#r!#!&e pra'eoogy o #e 'e#!o" u"-eo"'!-era#!o" !' ea"# #o o&er a =!"-' o !&! a#!o"', regar-o #e!r 'oure !" a;, pro&!-e- #a# #e a#!o" a' or !#' ba'!'

'ae a# or o!''!o" o #e o$e"-er. 25

Ho;e&er, pe#!#!o"er a' -ee"-a"# !" #e 'epara#e !&! a#!o" o-aage' 9e- aga!"'# !#, ba'e- o" Jua'! -e!#, ay be e- !a#ereo". Tu', #e #r!a our# gr!e&ou'y erre- !" -!'!''!"gpa!"#!$C' !&! opa!"#. )"- #e (our# o )ppea' erre- !"aKr!"g #e #r!a our#C' -e!'!o". :"or#u"a#ey pr!&a#ere'po"-e"#' -!- "o# appea ro 'u -!'!''a a"- ou- "o# gra"#e- aKra#!&e re!e. 30

Te (our#, o;e&er, !" eep#!o"a a'e' a' reae- #e rue'or-er #o proo#e #e!r ob


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proper#y. Te a#!o" or reo&ery o !&! !ab!!#y !' "o# !"u-e-#ere!", bu# !' o&ereby #e 'epara#e !&! a#!o" 9e- aga!"'# #epe#!#!o"er a' epoyer o #e au'e- #ru=%-r!&er.

I" #!' a'e, au'e-%-r!&er


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Page20

?2@ I" (!&! (a'e No. r. 15%424, #e (our# or-er' #e a'e re%ope"e-#o -e#er!"e #e !ab!!#y o #e -ee"-a"# Raae Reye' Tru=!"g(orpora#!o" #o pa!"#!$' a"- #a# o pa!"#!$' o" -ee"-a"#C'ou"#era!.

No o'#' !" #!' !"'#a"e.

SO ORDERED.

G.R. No. L%5311 /a"uary 31, 15

R)DIO (O88:NI()TIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES, IN(. ?R(PI@,pe#!#!o"er,&'.HON. /)I8E 8. L)NTIN, THE SHERIFF OF THE (O:RT OF FIRSTINST)N(E OF :EON (IT+ a"- R:F:S . RODRIG:E,re'po"-e"#'.

G.R. No. L%5320 /a"uary 31, 15

GLOE 8)(U)+ ()LE )ND R)DIO (ORPOR)TION, pe#!#!o"er,

&'.THE HONOR)LE (O:RT OF )PPE)LS, HON. /)I8E 8. L)NTIN, THESHERIFF OF THE (O:RT OF FIRST INST)N(E OF :EON (IT+, )NDR:F:S . RODRIG:E, re'po"-e"#'.

G:TIERRE, /R., /.

I" #e'e !"#errea#e- pe#!#!o"' or re&!e; o" er#!orar!, #e Ra-!o(ou"!a#!o"' o #e P!!pp!"e', I". ?R(PI@ a"- Gobe 8a=ay(abe a"- Ra-!o(orpora#!o" ?GLOE@ Jue'#!o" #e -e!'!o" o #e(our# o )ppea', "o; I"#ere-!a#e )ppea#e (our#, ;! reu'e-#o 'e# a'!-e #e or-er' o #e (our# o F!r'# I"'#a"e o R!a-!re#!"g eeu#!o" pe"-!"g appea o a" a;ar- o P213,14.00-aage' !" a&or o pr!&a#e re'po"-e"# Ruu' . Ro-r!gue.

O" Sep#eber , 157, Ruu' . Ro-r!gue, a' Pre'!-e"# o #eAor- )''o!a#!o" o La; S#u-e"#' ?A)LS@, 'e"# #;o abegrao&er'ea' #roug R(PI, o"e a--re''e- #o 8oae- E'!r TaaUar#ou, Su-a" So!a!'# :"!o", a"- #e o#er #o D!a"e 8erge)#e"', Georg!a, :"!#e- S#a#e'. Te abegra' ;ere, !" #ur",reaye- #o GLOE or #ra"'!''!o" #o #e!r ore!g" -e'#!"a#!o"'#eegra #o Taa a-&!'e- ! o Ro-r!gueC' pe"-!"g arr!&a !"Uar#ou o" Sep#eber 1, 157, ;!e #e #eegra #o 8ergea-&!'e- er o #e 'e-ue- A)LS o"ere"e !" Uar#ou.

Ro-r!gue e# #e P!!pp!"e' o" Sep#eber 1, 157. O"Sep#eber 1, 157, e arr!&e- !" Uar#ou, Su-a" a# 530 !" e&e"!"g. Nobo-y ;a' a# #e a!rpor# #o ee# !. Due #o #ea#e"e'' o #e our, e ;a' ore- #o 'eep a# #e a!rpor#. He up 9&e ?@ a!r' #oge#er a"- ay -o;" ;!# !' uggage' "eareau'e o #e "o"%ree!p# o #e abegra, Taa ;a' "o# abee# !. Aor'e a prepara#!o"' or #e !"#er"a#!o"a o"ere"a- #o be a"ee-. Fur#erore, Fer"a"-o arro', #e !e%Pre'!-e"#, arr!&e- #e "e# -ay ro (!e, oo;e- by #e o#eoKer' ro o#er ou"#r!e' eep# D!a"e 8erger, #eorga"!a#!o"C' 'ere#ary. I# #ur"e- ou# #a# #e ;!re 'e"# byRo-r!gue #o 8erger ;a' -e!&ere- #o #e a--re'' o" #e e''abu# #e per'o" ;o -e!&ere- !# ;a' #o- #a# #e a--re''ee ;a

o"ger '#ay!"g #ere. T!' a# ;a' "o# aor-!"gy repor#e- #oRo-r!gue !" 8e#ro 8a"!a. Te u"-e!&ere- abegra ;a' "o#re#ur"e- by #e orre'po"-e"# abroa- #o Gobe or -!'po'!#!o" P!!pp!"e',

O" Deeber , 157, Ro-r!gue 9e- a opa!"# orope"'a#ory -aage' !" #e aou"# o P4,147.00, ora-aage' !" #e aou"# o P20,000.00,C a"- eepary -aa!" #e aou"# o P0,000.00 aga!"'# R(PI a"- GLOE.

O" 8ar 17, 150, #e #e" Pre'!-!"g /u-ge L!"o L. )o&er o #(our# o F!r'# I"'#a"e o R!a re"-ere- a -e!'!o", #e -!'po'!#por#!o" o ;! rea-' a' oo;'

AHEREFORE,


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Page21Te abo&e aou"# !' bro=e" -o;" a' oo;' by #e #r!a our#

8ora -aage' o"'eJue"# #o #e u!!a#!o" a"- ebarra''e"##a# #e pa!"#!$ 'u$ere- u"-er #e #;o au'e' o a#!o" !" #eaou"# o P100,000.00 are a-eJua#e. Eepary -aage' u"-erbo# ou"#' are 9e- rea'o"aby a# P0,000.00. O" #e a#ua-aage', #e our# aep#' pa!"#!$C' epe"'e' or #e prepara#!o"o #e #r!p a# P10,000.00B pa"e are a# P20,000.00B '#ay !" #ra"'!# !"

Pa=!'#a" a# P,000.00B !' o#e b!' !" Uar#ou a# P4,000.00B !'ea' !" Uar#ou a# P4,000.00 a"- #e #eegrap! #o a# P7.00.Te our# reu'e' #e 'u 'pe"# or #e -!""er #a# e aege-y#e"-ere- a' "o# e'#ab!'e- by 'uK!e"# proo.

A!# re'pe# #o #e #eegra 'e"# #o D!a"e 8erger, #e our# 9"-'#a# #e a#ua -aage' aou"# #o P70.00 repre'e"#!"g #e o'# o#e abegra. )' or a##or"eyC' ee', #e our# 9"-' #a# #eaou"# o P20,000.00 !"u-!"g !#!ga#!o" o epe"'e' arerea'o"abe.

O" 8ay 26, 150, Ro-r!gue 9e- a 8o#!o" or Eeu#!o" eoreEp!ra#!o" o T!e #o )ppea rey!"g o" Rue 35, Se#!o" 2 o #e

Re&!'e- Rue' o (our# aeg!"g #a# #e appea !' eary -!a#orya"- #a# #e ap'e o #!e ;ou- a=e #e u#!a#e


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or reo"'!-era#!o". O" Deeber 2, 151, pe#!#!o"er' ree!&e- are'ou#!o" o #e (our# o )ppea' -e"y!"g #e!r o#!o" orreo"'!-era#!o".

O" /a"uary 1, 152, #!' pe#!#!o" e"#!#e- appea by er#!orar! ;a'9e-.

Te pe#!#!o"er'C argue"#' re&o&e arou"- #e aege- gra&e abu'eo -!'re#!o" o!##e- by #e (our# o )ppea' ;e" !# -e!"e- #o

-!'#urb #e


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a 'pe!a or-er, 'ou- be op!e- ;!# beau'e #e e!'#e"e ogoo- rea'o"' !' #e eee"# #a# g!&e' &a!-!#y #o a" or-er oeeu#!o" ?)a'!- &. Sa'o", 102 P!. 73B De a Ro'a &. (!#y oagu!o, 50 P!. 720@ ?'!@ :"e'' #e rea'o"' are a-e ="o;" !#;ou- be -!Ku# #o -e#er!"e ;e#er


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broug# ou# -ur!"g #r!a a""o# ep bu# !">ue"e ;e#er or "o# a"appea appear' #o be -!a#ory a"- ;e#er or "o# #ere are'uK!e"# rea'o"' !"u-!"g o"'!-era#!o"' o

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