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Direct and Indirect Speech
YULIA RACHMAWATI19610350
4SA02
There are two ways of reporting what somebody says;
Direct SpeechIndirect Speech or Reported Speech
What is Reporting Speech?
Direct Speech
Example: He said, ‘I am going to school.’
Definition:When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it is called direct speech.
Characteristics:
It is original
quotation of a talk
It is always placed
between two
quotation marks
It is always
preceded by
Capital letter
INDIRECT SPEECH
Example:He said that he was going to school.
When the main idea of a speaker’s words is reported by another person and the exactwords are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech.
It is a kind of reported sentence (reported speech)
It retells one’s talk or idea
It undergoes certain modification
It doesn’t use speech marks
There are three types of indirect speech;
1. Imperative (Command/Request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (Question)
TYPES OF INDIRECT SPEECH
• The Imperative is a command. It does not tell the subject and the verb in direct imperative does not change.
Example: “Turn off the lamp”
◦ It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ .
Example: “Be quiet”
1. Imperative (Command/Request)
DIRECT SPEECH She said, “Go
away!” “Come here!” she
said. I said, “Be quite!” ‘Be
quiet!’ she yelled at the children.
She begged, “Be happy!”
‘Please help me!’ she told him
INDIRECT SPEECH She ordered her to
go away . She asked him to
come there. She ordered the
children to be quiet She requested to
be happy She asked him to
help her
POSITIVE IMPERATIVE
DIRECT SPEECH She said, “Don’t
go away!” “Don’t Come
here!” she said I said, “Don’t Be
noisy!” She begged,
“Don’t be lazy!”
INDIRECT SPEECH
She told me not to go away
She asked him not to come there.
She begged us not to be noisy!
She told him not to worry about it
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE
This is the way to make Declarative (Statement)
1. PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: CHANGES NECESSARY
DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)
DIRECT SPEECH
• I
• You
• My
• Our
•Your
INDIRECT SPEECH
• He/she
•
Me/he/she/them/I/him/her
• His/her
• Their/our
• My/his/her
2. EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE
DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• Now
• Today
• Tomorrow
• Yesterday
• Here
• This/these
• Then
• That Day
• The next day, the following
day
• The previous day
• There
• That/those
3. TENSESIndirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense.
Verbs in the direct speech have then to be changed into a corresponding past tense. The changes are shown in the following
table.
DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)
1. Preceded by Auxiliary:
When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the
conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
2. The steps how to make indirect speech:
◦The question sentence of the indirect speech is
firstly changed to be statement
◦ It then follows the rules before
INTEROGATIVE ( QUESTION)
1. He said, “Where is the station?” ⇨ He asked where the station was.
2. He asked, “What have you got in your bag?” ⇨ He asked (me) what I had got in my bag.
3. He said, ”Mary, when is the next train?” ⇨ He asked Mary when the next train was.
4. “Is anyone there?”, he asked ⇨ He asked if/whether anyone was there.
EXAMPLE OF INTEROGATIVE