UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND

UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS

ON AIR, SEA, LAND

PROFESSOR RANDALL K. NICHOLS, JULIE RYAN, HANS MUMM, WAYNE

LONSTEIN, CANDICE CARTER, JEREMY SHAY, RANDALL MAI, JOHN P HOOD,

AND MARK JACKSON

NEW PRAIRIE PRESS

MANHATTAN, KS

Copyright © 2020 Randall K. Nichols, Julie Ryan, Hans Mumm, Wayne Lonstein, Candice Carter, Jeremy Shay, Randall Mai, John P Hood, and Mark Jackson

New Prairie Press, Kansas State University Libraries

Manhattan, Kansas

Cover design by R.K. Nichols and Kira Miller

Electronic edition available online at: http://newprairiepress.org/ebooks

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike

4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

ISBN-: 978-1-944548-30-8

UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND by Professor Randall K. Nichols is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Contents

Title Page

Professor Randall K. Nichols, Hans Mumm, Julie

Ryan, Wayne Lonstein, Candice Carter, John P

Hood, Mark Jackson, Randall Mai, and Jeremy Shay

ix

Copyright / Publication Page

Professor Randall K. Nichols

xi

Books also by Professor Randall K. Nichols xiii

Dedications xv

Disclaimers xviii

Foreword By Kurt Carraway,UAS Department

Head & Executive Director, Applied Aviation

Research Center

xx

Preface xxiii

Acknowledgements xxvii

List of Contributors xxx

Abbreviations and Acronyms li

Detailed Table of Contents civ

Table of Figures cxiv

Table of Tables cxix

Table of Equations cxxi

Table of Appendices cxxiii

Section 1: Unmanned Aircraft Systems cxxiv

Part I. Main Body

1. Chapter 1 Information Technology Advances,

Remote ID,[1] & Extreme Persistence ISR [Ryan]

3

2. Chapter 2: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles & How They

Can Augment Mesonet Weather Tower Data

Collection [Mai]

20

3. Chapter 3 Tour de Drones for the Discerning

Palate [Nichols]

48

Part II. Section 2: Unmanned Underwater Systems

4. Chapter 4 Underwater Autonomous Navigation &

Other UUV Advances [Mumm]

101

5. Chapter 5 Autonomous Maritime Asymmetric

Systems [Hood]

130

6. Chapter 6 UUV Integrated Autonomous Missions

& Drone Management [Mumm]

144

7. Chapter 7 Principles of Naval Architecture Applied

to UUVs [Jackson]

168

Part III. Section 3 Unmanned Vehicles for Ground

& Land Operations & Penetration of ADS

8. Chapter 8: Unmanned Logistics Operating Safely

& Efficiently Across Multiple Domains [Lonstein]

189

9. Chapter 9: Chinese Advances in Stealth UAV

Penetration Path Planning in Combat Environment

[Nichols]

216

Part IV. Section 4 Unmanned Vehicles Weapons

for C4ISR & Population Tracking & Control

10. Chapter 10 UV, Social Networks & Covid-19

Defense [Shay]

245

11. Chapter 11 UV & Disinformation / Misinformation

Channels [Ryan]

276

Part V. Section 5 UV Geopolitical, Maritime &

Legal Advances

12. Chapter 12 Chinese UAS Proliferation along New

Silk Road Sea / Land Routes [Carter]

297

13. Chapter 13 Automaton, AI, Law, Ethics, Crossing

the Machine – Human Barrier [Lonstein]

313

14. Chapter 14 Maritime Cybersecurity [Nichols] 330

Appendices Chapters 10 & 12 357

Title Page PROFESSOR RANDALL K. NICHOLS, HANS MUMM, JULIE RYAN, WAYNE LONSTEIN, CANDICE CARTER, JOHN P HOOD, MARK JACKSON, RANDALL MAI, AND JEREMY SHAY

Title Page | ix

UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND

x | Title Page

Copyright / Publication Page PROFESSOR RANDALL K. NICHOLS

UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND

By Nichols, R. K., Ryan, J., J.C.H., Mumm, H.C., Lonstein, W.D.,

Carter, C., Hood, J.P, Mai, R., Shay, J., & Jackson, M. Copyright © 2020-2021 R.K. Nichols, J.J.C.H. Ryan, H.C. Mumm,

C. Carter, W.D. Lonstein, J.P. Hood, R.W. Mai, J. Shay, & M. Jackson A PDF version of this book is available at

[add New Prairie Press URL]

Cover design /modifications by R.K. Nichols and Kira Miller

Cover image: Courtesy of Unmanned Systems News, General

Dynamics Completes Successful Critical Design Review for Knifefish

UUV, Retrieved on 09142020 from

https://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/2013/04/

general-dynamics-completes-successful-critical-design-review-

for-knifefish-uuv/ (Rees, 2013)

New Prairie Press

Kansas State University Libraries

Manhattan, Kansas

Pressbooks ISBN: 978-1-944548-30-8

References

Copyright / Publication Page | xi

Dynamics, G. (2013, April). General Dynamics Completes Successful

Critical Design Review for Knifefish UUV. Retrieved from Unmanned

Systems News : https://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/

2013/04/general-dynamics-completes-successful-critical-design-

review-for-knifefish-uuv/

xii | Copyright / Publication Page

Books also by Professor Randall K. Nichols

R.K. Nichols, J.J.C.H. Ryan, H.C. Mumm, C. Carter, W.D. Lonstein,

J.P. Hood, (2020) Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations. 01 February 2020, Copyright 2019-2025, All Rights

Reserved, Manhattan: New Prairie Press (NPP). ISBN:

979-8-613302-29-1. https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/31

R.K. Nichols, J.J.C.H. Ryan, H.C. Mumm, C. Carter, W.D. Lonstein,

J.P. Hood, (2019) Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 2nd Ed. 26 July 2019,

Copyright 2019-2025, All Rights Reserved, Manhattan: New Prairie

Press (NPP). ISBN:978-1-944548-15-5. https://newprairiepress.org/

ebooks/27

R.K. Nichols, J.J.C.H. Ryan, H.C. Mumm, C. Carter, W.D. Lonstein.

(2018) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the Cyber Domain: Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 14 September 2018, Copyright

2018-2025, All Rights Reserved, Manhattan: New Prairie Press (NPP).

ISBN:978-1-944548-14-8. https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/21

R.K. Nichols, & P. Lekkas, (2002) Wireless Security: Models, Threats, Solutions. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13:

978-0071380386

R.K. Nichols, D.J. Ryan, & J.J.C.H. Ryan (2000)Defending Your Digital Assets Against Hackers, Crackers, Spies and Thieves. New

York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13: 978-0072122854

R.K. Nichols, (1998) the ICSA Guide to Cryptography. New York:

McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13: 978-0079137593

R.K. Nichols, (1996) Classical Cryptography Course Volume II. Laguna Hills, California: Aegean Park Press. [Originally distributed

under Nom-de Guerre, LANAKI] ISBN-13: 0-89412-264-9

R.K. Nichols, (1995) Classical Cryptography Course Volume I.

Books also by Professor Randall K.Nichols | xiii

Laguna Hills, California: Aegean Park Press. [Originally distributed

under Nom-de Guerre, LANAKI] ISBN-13: 0-89412-263-0

R.K. Nichols, (1991) The Corporate Aluminum Model, Texas A &

M University- Kingsville Press, Kingsville, TX. MAI:#2902, T378.24

N5184C

xiv | Books also by Professor Randall K. Nichols

Dedications

From: Professor Randall K. Nichols I dedicate this book to three groups: All USA serving and retired

military personnel, US Coast Guard and federal, state, and local law

enforcement for keeping our blessed country safe; to my Angel wife

of 36 years, Montine, and children Robin, Kent, Phillip (US Army),

Diana (US Army), and Michelle who have lived with a Dragon and

survived; and finally, to all my students (over 50 years) who are

securing our blessed United States from terrorism.

From: Dr. Hans C. Mumm I dedicate this work to my students and colleagues and all those

innovators; those dreamers that race against time as they create a

future that is ever changing and evolving in ways that we cannot

even imagine today. Your dedication to the field of autonomous

systems will bring about positive change to the world landscape and

humankind.

From: Wayne D. Lonstein I dedicate this work to my wife and best friend Julie, my sons

Ethan, Ari, and Sam as well as my extended family and co-workers

and my co-authors from whom I have learned so much. To all those

brave souls who have made the ultimate sacrifice serving this

nation, as well as those who have, are or will serve in our armed

forces, police, fire and other emergency functions and their families

who silently sacrifice. May our work in some way help you perform

your duties more effectively and safely and through your service

may the world becomes a more peaceful and harmonious place for

all.

From: Dr. Julie J. C. H. Ryan I dedicate this work to my husband Dan and to my students, who

have taught me so very, very much.

From: Candice Carter: I dedicate this work to an exceptional leader, mentor, and master

Dedications | xv

of Bushido; Professor Randall Nichols. His commitment to training

dragons to be successful in asymmetric warfare and in life

is unprecedented. I am honored to be a lifetime dragoness trained

by the master of Nito Ichi Ryu Ni To.

From: CPT John-Paul Hood: I dedicate this work to my loving and supportive wife Katie, my

two daughters Evelyn and Gwendelyn as well as my extended family

whom continue to support me through this journey. Thank you for

your love, encouragement and presence in my life.

From: Jeremy Shay I would like to dedicate this work first to my wife, children, and

grandchildren. Their never-ending support inspires me to strive to

better myself for them every day. I would also like to dedicate this

work to the many mentors, professional peers, and servant leaders I

have worked for and with through the years. Without whom I would

not have the examples of what a better me could look like. Finally,

I dedicate this work to all who use it to equip themselves with the

information provided by this team of authors, I have been blessed to

work with, and possibly be better for those that look to them as an

example.

From Mark J. Jackson: I dedicate my chapter to my wife, Deborah, and to the memory of

my great-uncle, Captain George Richards, a founding officer of the

Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers of the British

Army. After initially serving in the British Expeditionary Force (Royal

Engineers) in France from 1940 – 1941, he quickly rose through the

ranks, promoted to captain in 1942 initially serving as an officer in

the Royal Engineers, then transferred to the newly-formed Corps

of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers specializing in the

construction of Bailey bridges in North Africa. Captured in Libya

by the German Afrika Corps, he became a prisoner-of-war at Oflag

IV located in Colditz, Germany. After demobilization, he became

a chartered mechanical engineer working for Imperial Chemical

Industries but continued to build model Bailey bridges with his

children and nephews.

xvi | Dedications

From Randall W. Mai: I dedicate my work to my late mother Dorothy M. Thrasher and

my two daughters, Courtney J. Mai and Katherine M. Mai. My

mother’s never ending support and care kept me going. She was

my biggest cheerleader. Without her encouragement my life would

have taken a much different trajectory. My daughters impacted my

life and now my heart will forever go walking around outside me.

They are my true mark on this world. I hope they will always believe

in themselves and know they can accomplish whatever they set

their minds on. And lastly, Professor Nichols has become a valued

mentor and true friend. He has helped me to establish balance and

pulled from me accomplishments I never thought possible. Thank

you Professor Nichols.

Dedications | xvii

Disclaimers

Information contained in this work has been obtained by the

authors from sources believed to be accurate and reliable. However,

neither New Prairie Press, R. K. Nichols (publisher), the U.S Army,

U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, Kansas State

University, nor any of its authors guarantees the accuracy or

completeness of the information published herein and neither any

of the above mentioned parties nor its authors shall be responsible

for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this

information.

This work examines inter alia technical, legal, and ethical

dimensions of behavior regarding electronic warfare, cybersecurity,

directed energy, acoustical countermeasures, UUVs, Maritime

Cybersecurity and Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS).

It is not intended to turn intelligence analysts, counter terrorism,

information technology, engineers, forensics investigators, drone

operator / pilots or any related professionals into lawyers. Many

of the topics discussed will be concerned with the law and legal

implications of certain behaviors. Every effort is made to provide

accurate and complete information. However, at no time will legal

advice be offered. This work is published with the understanding

that the authors are supplying information but are not attempting

to render professional services. Any reader requiring legal advice,

should seek services of a lawyer authorized to practice in the

appropriate jurisdiction. All scenarios discussed in this work are

hypothetical in nature and not to be taken or construed to be actual

occurrences.

The authors, publishers and associated institutions specifically

represent that all reasonable steps have been taken to assure all

information contained herein is from the public domain and to

the greatest extent possible no information of a confidential or

classified nature is set forth herein. Additionally, this misuse, re-

xviii | Disclaimers

engineering, retransmission or republication of any content,

information or concept contained herein shall not be permitted

unless express written permission is granted by the authors,

publishers and associated institutions. Additionally, any use of the

aforesaid information by any party or intentionally disseminated to

any third party or parties for any illegal or improper purpose is

expressly forbidden.

Disclaimers | xix