Names of Group:1.Alvian Purwanto2.Agung Dwi Hermawan3.Deni Wijayana4.Mala Wijayanti5.Maranatha Fectaulin

Wastewater

Liquid waste is all waste material is a liquid derived from industry or households that may contain pathogenic microorganisms, toxic chemicals and radioactivity.

Wastewater treatment techniques have been developed are generally divided into three methods.:1. Physics processing2. chemical processing3. biological treatment

In general, prior to further processing of the waste water, it is desirable that the suspended materials are large and easy to settle or floating materials aside first. Screening (screening) is an efficient and inexpensive way to set aside a large suspended material

Flotation process Filtration Process Adsorption membrane

Chemical wastewater treatment is usually performed to remove particles that are not easily settled (colloidal), heavy metals, phosphorus, and toxic organic substances; by putting certain chemicals are required. Materials in principle take place through changes in the properties of these materials, which can be not deposited from being easily deposited (flocculation-coagulation), either with or without the oxidation-reduction reaction, and also takes place as a result of the oxidation reaction.

All biodegradable waste water can be treated biologically. As a secondary treatment, biological treatment is seen as the most inexpensive processing and efficient. In the decades has developed various methods of biological treatment with any modifications.

Basically, the biological treatment reactors can be divided into two types, namely:

1. Suspended growth reactor (suspended growth reactor);

2. Attached growth reactor (attached growth reactor).

Wastewater is very dangerous to human health given that many diseases that can be transmitted through wastewater. Wastewater can give as a carrier of the disease just like cholera, colitis, hepatitis infektiosa, and schitosomiasis. Besides from being a carrier of the disease in the waste water itself contained many bacterial pathogens cause diseases such as:

1. Virus 2. Vibrio Cholera 3. Salmonella typhosa and Salmonella typhosa a b 4. Salmonella sp. 5. Shigella sp. to treatment. 7. Brusella Spp 8. Mycobacterium Tuberculosa 9. Spira 10. Entamuba Histolitika 11. Schistosoma spp 12. Taenia spp 13. Ascaris spp. Enterobius spp

Beside from being a carrier of disease germs and content of the waste water can also contain toxic substances, irritants, odors and even high temperatures and other materials that easily catch fire. Such circumstances is highly influenced by the source of the waste water. Cases that occurred in Minamata Bay in 1953 is a real example where the fishermen and their families to experience symptoms of visual field constriction, paralysis, skin feels thickened and can even cause death.

Such an occurrence is as a result eaten fish by fishermen, and the fish that contain mercury have eaten water content as a result of mercury that is in the bay. Mercury is derived from waste water contaminated by the factory that produces mercury in waste the wastewater. In addition to mercury are still many more other toxins that can endanger human health, among others:

1. Plumbum2. Chrome3. Cyanide

Based on water quality data, has note that the water quality standard of river can not be met throughout the year. Water quality parameters are dominant is exceeded fecal coli bacteria, BOD, COD and dissolved oxygen (DO). It is showed that contamination of organic waste from domestic and industrial is a major source of pollution need priority handling in water pollution control efforts. Strategy control contamination water which required as follows:

- a. Reduction of pollution load pollution sources existing through pollution control efforts.

b. Setting wastewater discharge point at the appropriate regional river segment the capacity of the river capacity that point.

c. Licensing restrictions on waste disposal the new segment on local rivers is not have capacity again. On this area is limited to activities that are not has the potential of wastewater, such as the type dry industry, and others.

d. Increase the capacity of the river with increase efforts to conserve the environment water drainage system in the area of the river. This activity is closely associated with spatial planning and land use environmentally sound. In this case need a strong commitment from all parties to follow the plan that has been determined. In addition to the increased power capacity of the river can also be implemented to improve and regulate continuity along the flow capacity year, for example, with the development dams / ponds or water sources other.

e. Increased community participation for maintain the river. In addition, people can also be a tool pulley implementation adequate pollution control effective.

PARAMETERS OF PROCESSED BOD (Biological Oxigen Demand) COD (Chemical Oxigen Demand) SS (Suspended Solid) TSS (Total Suspended Solid) N-Ammonium (Nitrogen Removal) N-Nitrit (Nitrogen Removal) N-Nitrat (Nitrogen Removal) P-Phospat (Phospourus Removal) pH acid (under 3) or

Wastewater treatment is usually applied 3 stages namely preliminary treatment (pre-treatment), primary processing (primary treatment), and the final processing (post treatment). Preliminary processing is intended to condition of load waste and other characters to fit into the main processing. The main treatment is to lower the selected primary pollutants in wastewater. Later in the recent treatment for advanced wastewater treatment processes to match the quality standards established.

Primary processing (Primary Treatment)

Secondary processing (Secondary Treatment)

Tertiary treatment (Tertiary Treatment)

Disinfection (Desinfection) Processing of Mud (Sludge

Treatment)

Primary treatment physical separation of organic matter suspended in the deposition bath to reduce the biological oxygen demand (BOD). Primary treatment stage of wastewater is a process most of the physics processing:

A. Filtering (Screening) B. Early treatment (Pretreatment) C. Precipitation D. Flotation

Secondary treatment stage is a biological treatment process, ie by involving microorganisms that can break down/degrade organic matter. Microorganisms are used commonly are aerobic bacteria. There are three methods of biological treatment is commonly used screening method with droplets (trickling filter), activated sludge method (activated sludge), and methods of treatment ponds (treatment ponds/lagoons).

Degradation by microbes to reduce the organic matter content.Two ways:

Anaerobic degradation in the sludge tank / activated sludge tank

Aerobic degradation using trickling filter beds.

To remove residual organic compounds and minerals (typically high berbeaya and not always needed).

Phosphate can be precipitated by flocculation using salt containing aluminum, iron or calcium.Microbial pathogens can be eliminated by chlorination or UV irradiation.Activated charcoal can be used to remove recalcitrant compounds oganik (fast growing).

What is DO, BOD, How may DO in waste water ? fahty

How do you minimize wastewater ? cica How the methods to kind waste water ? How does BOD and DO affect the quality

waste water ?