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Water Management in Commercial Window Systems
Ritz-Carlton HotelSt. Louis, MO
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Thank you!
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display
and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© 2007 Pella Corporation
102 Main Street Pella, Iowa 50219
Course Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this course you will be able to:
• Discuss the ways water penetrates a building envelope.
• Explain the basic concepts of water leakage.• Describe good practices for preventing water
leakage.• Explain how the basic principles of protecting
walls against water leakage also apply to windows.• Describe how various wall types – punched, ribbon
and window walls – can be detailed to minimize water leakage.
• Discuss various strategies for ensuring that specified performance is achieved.
Water Management in Commercial Window Systems
Module 1• Why talk about this?• How does water
penetrate the building envelope?
Ritz-Carlton HotelSt. Louis, MO
Why talk about this?• DPIC Study
– 3700 claims– Top reasons for
lawsuits against architects
• Roof problems (10%)
• Wall problems (9%)
• HVAC (7%)
• Floors (6%)
Source: Architectural Record, August 2000
Percentage of Lawsuits due to Building Envelope Failure
Purposes of Installation Systems
• What purposes should a window installation system fulfill?
Purvine HallOregon Institute of Technology
Purposes of Installation Systems• Secure attachment• Limit air & water
infiltration• Limit structural
deflection• Allow for expansion &
contraction
Purvine HallOregon Institute of Technology
Principles of Water Leakage
• What three conditions must exist simultaneously in order for walls to leak?
Speculative Office BuildingChicago, IL
Principles of Water Leakage• Rain water is on the
wall• Openings exist thru
which water can pass• Forces are present to
drive or draw the water inward
Outdoor Test FacilitySouth Florida
Preventing Water Leakage• What are some
design principles you use to minimize water leakage in the buildings you design?
Buckner Wellness CenterMarshall, MO
Preventing Water Leakage• Barrier wall
– thin wall system– relies on a perfect seal– intended performance is
seldom obtained– seal affected by man &
nature– reliance on single seal
major cause of water leakage
Preventing Water Leakage• Cavity wall
– exterior wall & back-up wall
– 2 lines of defense against water infiltration
– interior seal protected from the elements
– eliminate pressure differential
Preventing Water Leakage
• Rain Screen Principle– Goal is to eliminate
pressure differential– Essential elements
• exterior rain screen• interior barrier which
prevents passage of air & vapor, protected from water
• confined air space, open to outdoors, drained to outside
AirSpace
Air/VaporSeal
RainScreen
Preventing Water Leakage
• Examples of Rain Screen principle in practice – Brick cavity wall– Aluminum curtain wall– Casement design Casement
Rain Screen
Air Space
Air / Vapor Seal