© Yann Arthus-Bertrand / Altitude

Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis:

SPMJose A. Marengo

RE, Chapter 2 WGIjose.marengo@inpe.br

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Annual mean Arctic summer sea ice

start of satellite data

Annual mean Arctic summer sea ice extent decreased very likely with a rate of 3.5-4.1% per decade in 1979 – 2012

decrease was most rapid in summer (high confidence).Data normalized to the satellite measured sea ice extent in 1979

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