Date post: | 04-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nicholas-markellos |
View: | 220 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
1/58
Age of Ideologies
Nineteenth Century in the West
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
2/58
Revolution of 1830 Louis XVIII died in
1824, leaving his
brother Charles Xheir to the throne Charles X was a firm
believer in rule bydivine right.
Historical mistakeslead to blood shed.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
3/58
Reactionary Policies Gave land back to the emigres Restored the primogeniture rule Made Roman Catholicism the official and
only religion of France In 1827, denied the Chamber of Deputies
constitutionality.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
4/58
The July Revolution
In 1830, the liberals won themajority vote for seats in theChamber of Deputies
Charles attempted a royalist seizure
of power. Royalist victory in Algeria
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
5/58
Four OrdinancesJuly 25, 1830
1. Restricted freedom of the press2. Dissolved the recently elected Chamber
of Deputies3. Restricted the franchise to the
wealthiest people in France4. Call for new elections.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
6/58
Down goes Charles!!! The royal army could not gain control of
Paris.
On August 2, 1830 Charles abdicated andfled to England
The Chamber of Deputies named LouisPhilippe King of the French
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
7/58
Fit for a King?
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
8/58
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy established underLouis Philippe was politically liberal
Socially, however, he was a conservative. Money was the path to power, and the
working class was downtrodden A series of revolts broke out between
1832-1834.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
9/58
Les Miserables
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
10/58
Belgium Becomes Independent
August 25, 1830 disturbances broke out inBrussels following the performance of
Salvatore Rosa. Belgium Catholic and Dutch Calvinis t A rebellion broke out and Belgium defeated
the Dutch. In 1831, Leopold of Saxe-Coburg was declared
King of Belgians
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
11/58
Toward an Industrial Society
Industrialization was one of the finalsteps in making Europe modern.
Great Britain led the charge for the
Industrial Revolution. Society becomes transformed.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
12/58
Great Britain Industrialism started in Great
Britain in 18 th century. By the turn of the century Britain
had successful factories all over theworld.
Textiles, ironmaking, shipbuilding,china production.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
13/58
Textile Inventions
1733- John Kay invented the
fly shuttle
allowed one person to operate a loom.
1765- James Hargreaves created the
spinning jenny
, which spun 16 spindlesof thread at a time.
1769 Richard Arkwright appliedwaterpower to the spinning process.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
14/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
15/58
The Great Reform Bill
1830 George IV died and his brotherWilliam IV became king.
Whigs took control of Parliament andWilliam insisted on coming to anagreement.
1832 Great Reform Bill increased thevoting rights to all middle-class men.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
16/58
Political & Economic Reform
Commercial and industrial class was larger in Britain prosperity required attention to
economic interests. Liberal Whig aristocrats regarded as the
protectors of constitutional liberty.
Reaction to conservative policies, such asthe Six Acts
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
17/58
Take
ACT
ion
1833 Factory Act: limited hours thatchildren under 9 could work.
1838 Anti-Corn League 1842 Mines Act: Forbade women and
children to work as hurriers. 1847 Ten Hours Act: Work shifts were
confined to 10 hours a day.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
18/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
19/58
Economics Classical Economics - Adam Smith Laissez-Faire -
hands off
Rise of the bourgeoisie
- stable government- competition- industriousness
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
20/58
Population & Wages The new working class created
problems over population & wages Thomas Malthus: Essay on the
Principle of Population
David Ricardo: Principles of Political Economy
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
21/58
Thomas Malthus Need to contain population Conditions could not be improved Population must eventually outstrip the
food supply.
Contraceptive or Higher standard of living
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
22/58
David Ricardo
Iron law of wages
Raise wages = More children Expanded market = Lower wages Lower wages = Fewer children
In the long run, the wages wouldalways tend toward the minimum
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
23/58
Utilitarianism Nature has placed man between the
two sovereign master of pain and pleasure
That which is ethical is that which promotes the greatest happiness of thegreatest number.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
24/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
25/58
Socialism Early socialist applauded the new
productive industrialism. Opposed the classical economists Mismanagement, low wages, poor
distribution of goods arose fromunregulated industrial system
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
26/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
27/58
Marxism 1818-1883 German middle
class family University of Berlin Communist
Manifesto
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
28/58
Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels wrote the manifesto
in 1848.
Communism implied the outrightabolition of private property
Combination of German Hegelianism,French Socialism, and British classicaleconomics.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
29/58
Marx
s Revolution Revolution through class conflict Bourgeoisie and Proletariat Proletariat and Communist
All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to facewith sober senses, his real conditions of life, andhis relations with his kind.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
30/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
31/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
32/58
France
Liberal opposition to the corruptregime -> July Monarchy
February 23 rd Guizot resigned, on
February 24th Louis Philippeabdicated.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
33/58
National Assembly & Paris
Workers Alphonse de
Lamartine (1790-
1869) Re-write a new
constitution -> 2 nd Republic
But workers wantedsocial revolution too!
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
34/58
Rise & Fall of the Second
Republic Revolution heats up during June in
Paris
June Days
(Flaubert) Social order & protection of property.
The election of
Little Napoleon
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
35/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
36/58
Dj Vu ???
Like 1795, France turned to a strongleader.Louis Napoleon.
With the popular vote Louis Napoleon
becomes the President of the Republic
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
37/58
Little Napoleon December 2, 1851
seized power to call
for a reelection. December 2, 1852
declared the 2 nd Empire
Napoleon III
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
38/58
Habsburg Empire The Habsburg Empire cut across
national lines. Nationalism was preached throughout
the Empire.
1848 rebellions broke out in Vienna,Prague, Hungary, and Italy.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
39/58
Louis Kossuth (1802-1894)
Magyar Nationalist March 1848 made
moving speeches atthe Hungarian Diet Independence of
Hungary and aresponsible gov t.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
40/58
Vienna Uprising
Kossuth speeches influence studentorganizations riots break out in Vienna.
Metternich resigned and fled the country May 17, 1848 Ferdinand agreed to a
moderately liberal constitution.
Hungarian Diet abolished serfdom.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
41/58
Magyar Revolt
The incident in Vienna encouraged Magyar leaders in Hungary.
Magyars wished to have a separateHungarian state within the Habsburgdomains.
Forcing Romanians, Serbs, & Croatians toabide by Magyar policy a revolt broke out!
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
42/58
Czech Nationalism
At the same time of the Hungarian revolt,Czech nationalism also pique in the spring
of 1848. Czech nationalist demanded Bohemia and
Moravia to be permitted to the Slavic state.
Pan-Slavic Congress called for Slavicrecognition.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
43/58
Divide and Conquer
Gen. Alfred Windisch-Graetz
June 17, 1848 movedagainst the Czech Nationalists
Germans and MiddleClasses approved
Radicals suppressed
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
44/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
45/58
Habsburg Victory
Franz-Joseph takesover the Habsburg
Empire Supported by Tsar Nicholas I, theHabsburgs put down
every revolt andreturned order.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
46/58
Italy The Italian Revolution was rooted in
deep republican ideals. Nationalists wanted a unified Italy Rally under Pope Pius IX
Radicalism led to downfall for republican ideals.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
47/58
Republicanism Defeated November 15, 1848
radicals assassinate theminister of the Papal
States Count Rossi Pius IX fled to Naples for
refuge. February 1849 declare the
Roman Republic Mazzini and Garibaldi
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
48/58
Arrivederci!!!
In March 1849, radicals forced Piedmont torenew war with Austria.
Piedmont defeated and the new Republicwas on its own.
June 1849, Napoleon III sends 10,000
troops to put down the radical rebellion Pius IX renounces liberalism and returns
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
49/58
Germany 1848 brought liberalism to the fore-
front of German states. Numerous states such as Wurttemberg,
Saxony, Hanover, and Bavaria calledfor a liberal government and Germanunity.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
50/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
51/58
Revolution in Prussia
March 15, 1848 large popular disturbanceshad erupted in Berlin.
Frederick William IV called for anassembly to write a constitution.
Appointed a liberal minister to head the
cabinet -> David Hansemann
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
52/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
53/58
Frankfurt Parliament
May 18, 1848 representatives from all over Germany met in St. Paul
s Church.
Revise the organization of the GermanConfederation and write a constitution for all Germany.
Grossdeutsch vs. Kleindeutsch Solution
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
54/58
The Frankfurt Flounder
Frederick William IV rejected the constitution because
1. There was nothing legal or binding about theactions
2. Junker support was not interested in Germanyunity
3. He feared opposition from Austria4. He did not want
a crown picked up from thegutter.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
55/58
Frederick William IV
By April 1849, aconservative ministryreplaced the liberalone in the Assembly
Frederick William IVdissolved the
Assembly and proclaimed its ownconstitution.
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
56/58
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
57/58
Questions ???
Why did the revolutions of 1848 failthroughout Europe?
What roles did liberals and nationalists play in the revolutions?
Why did they sometimes clash? Idealism vs. Realism Flaubert
7/30/2019 World Civilization Week 13
58/58
Next Week
Compare and contrast the Italian andGerman unification movements in the latenineteenth century.