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WRITING 3MODUL 5 NARRATIVE 1

Sherlia Spring 2014

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Tells a story which focuses on an event (or a series of events) in thepast.

Organizing your essay in a way that leads up to the main point or event.

Tells a

story

Chrono-logical

order

Fictionalor

factual Mainpoint or

thesis

Have

afocus

A narrative

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1. List the events

- Think about the story you want to tell.

- If possible, narrow your focus.- Make a list of all the things that happened.- Read through the list and see if you want to add other events.

2. Put the eventsin order

- At this point you should have some ideas of the focus of your

essay.- Go through your list and cross out any irrelevant events which.- Now, put numbers next to all the events in the order theyoccurred.

3. Add details andspecific

information

- One paragraph for each of those events you have listed.- Give details for each of the items on your list.- Be sure to include what things looked like and what people said.

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OBJECTIVES

You are expected to be able to:

Write compositions based on experiences

Write short stories

Write circular stories

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1 WRITING EXPERIENCESGrammar: Reported Speech

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Points you need to remember:

Choose one experienceyou remember best.

Write a general statement.

Give sufficient details.

State a conclusion.Conclusion

Needsa

strong

plan Haveone

point

Writing Experiences

Usually written in the firstperson, however, third personcan also be used.

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Astrong

plan

Haveone

point

Conclu-sion

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Grammar:Reported Speech

Reported speech is used torepeat the exact words thatsomebody said.

- Shirley said thatshe was hungry and that

she wanted to eat soon.- George told me thathe had never been

to Iraq but thathe wanted to go.

Rules for Forming Reported Speech

1. When reporting a statement, we generally use that.

NO COMMA

- My mother told me, You have to workharder at school, or youll fail.

- My mother told me that I had to workharder or that I would fail.

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- Mom asked me ifI wasgoing to the party.

- Fred asked me whenI wouldcall him.

2. When reporting a question,

we use iffor yes/no questions or the appropriatequestion words (5w+1h) for information questions.

3a. The following verbs must be used with an indirectobject:

told, informed, reminded

- He toldme that he washungry.

- We informedher that thestore was closed.

- He reminded the staff thatthe meeting was at 8 PM.

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3b. The following verbs may be used with an indirectobject, but the indirect object is optional:

asked, answered, promised

- I asked[her] where her

father was.- He answered [me] that hecouldnt help.

- Jade promised [him] thatshe would stay.

3c. The following verbs need tobefore the indirectobject. For any verb that needs tobefore the indirectobject, the indirect object is optional:

said, explained, exclaimed, complained

- Marvin said [to his wife]that he was late.

- We explained [to her] whyhe had been so serious.

- Pam exclaimed [to the boy]that she was furious.

- The students complained[to us]that the room was

too small.

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4. In English we report commands, orders, requests and suggestionsto other

people in afive-part format:

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Rules for Reporting Questions

5a. The normal form for asking a direct question is [W] X S V:

5b. In reported speech, a question is reported with the order W S [X] V.

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Expressions that Change in Reported Speech

6. Certain expressions must change in the reported form of speech:

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Tense Harmony or Sequencing

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2 SHORT STORIESGrammar: Past Tense

experiences

Alegend

Afabricated

story

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Grammar: Past Tense

Regular verb in the Past TenseRegular verbs in the past tense

take an ed or dending:

Irregular verb in the Past TenseIrregular verbs do not take an

ed or

d ending in the past butchange internally

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3 CIRCULAR STORIESGrammar: Capital Letters

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Circular stories begin and end with the same sentence.

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1. Capitalize the first word in every sentence.

2. Capitalize the pronoun I.

3. Capitalize proper nouns.

4. Capitalize the names of persons.

5. Capitalize geographical names.

6. Capitalize names of organizations, businessfirms, institutions, and government bodies.

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7. Capitalize special events and calendar items.

8. Capitalize the names of nationalities, races and religions.

9. Capitalize the brand names of business products.

10. Capitalize the names of ship, planets, monuments,awards, and any other places, things, or events.