LTE Radio Network Planning Tutorial
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Title
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Step 1: Initial planning
Step 2: Detailed planning
Step 3: Parameter planning
Step 4: Verification and acceptance
Roll-out / network optimization / extension
Our scope
of interest
LTE Radio Network Design Overall Picture
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Example: Frequency response
Link Level Simulator
System settings/Environment:
• System BW
• Channel (CIR, CFR)
• Number of Antennas
• PAPR, Synchronization, Channel estimation algorithms, etc
Inputs
• User allocations
• MCS
• MIMO operation
• User/control data
Outputs
• Performance of channel coding/BER
• EVM
• Performance of algorithms
• Visualization (Time and frequency
plots, BER curves, MCS curves:
throughput vs SNIR)
Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- algorithms of sync, channel estimation,
- application in various channel conditions,
- RF emission, filtering
Channel coding/modulation
Input data
Output.
System settings
Radio Channel
Sync/Estim
Channel decoding Output.
Output.
Tools in the Planning Process Link Level Simulator
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Example: SINR map
RNP Tool
System settings/Environment:
• Chosen and tuned propagation models
• Chosen and tuned traffic models
• Geographical data – digital map (elevation, land usage, …)
Inputs
• Site locations and configuration
• Antenna models (patterns)
• Available frequencies and BWs
• Spectrum reuse method
• MCS mapping (from Link Level)
Outputs
• Coverage (field strength, Rx power level,
best server)
• Capacity (interference, SNIR, data rates)
• Visualization (coverage/capacity maps,
statistics)
Usually Static Simulations
Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- Site locations, powers, spectrum reuse
methods, frequency planning,
- parameter configuration.
Pathloss
Rx_Lev
Best server
C/I
Bit/rates
Network parameters Map
MCS
mapping
Output.
Output.
Output.
Output.
Output.
Tools in the Planning Process RNP Tool
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System Level Simulator
System settings/Environment:
• System BW
• System parameters configuration (CellIDs, frequencies)
• Channel, traffic, user distribution models, etc
Inputs
• Coverage (from RNP tool)
• Capacity (from RNP tool)
• Site location (from RNP tool)
• QoS
• User positions
• RRM algorithms
Outputs
• Utilization of resources
• Dynamic/Semi-static
coverage/SNIR/Bitrates
• Blocked users
• Visualization (SNIR/Spectral
efficiency, resource utilization)
• Mobility performance
Example: Spectral efficiency
Usually Dynamic Simulations
Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- different RRM algorithms,
- power control algorithms
- traffic shaping methods,
- interference management schemes
- fade margins, UE power margins
UE position
Random fading
Conn. Est.
Power/datarate
Interference
Input from RNP Traffic demands/QoS
RRM alg.
Output.
Output.
Positio
n a
dju
stm
ent
Tools in the Planning Process System Level Simulator
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1 slot (0.5 ms)
Control Region:
First 1-3 OFDM Symbols in subframe
PCFICH – OFDM symbol 0,
PHICH – OFDM symbol 0
PDCCH – the rest
PBCH – 4 OFDM symbols (0-3)
in slot 1 in subframe 0
Synchronization Signal:
2 OFDM symbols (5-6) in slot 0 and 10
P-SS – OFDM symbol 6 in slot 0 and 10
S-SS – OFDM symbol 5 in slot 0 and 10
BW
PDSCH – rest REs
DC
1 subframe (1 ms)
62
SCs
72
SCs
1 Radio Frame (10 ms)
12 SC
7 OFDM Symbols
RS RE
2 PRB
E-UTRA Radio Frame Downlink
OFDM Subcarrier
OFDM Symbol
Guard Band
for P-SS and S-SS
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BW
R2
R3
R1
Pt
t
f
E-UTRA Resource Allocation OFDMA/SCFDMA Combined with TDMA
TTI=1ms 12x15kH
z
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Link budget
EIRP
Pt
TX
SNIR
N + I
RX
Pr
P_sens
GAINS, LOSSES, MARGINS
Pr = Pt + GAINS - LOSSES - MARGINS
Question: what is the cell
edge criterion?
Distance d
- Max throughput at the cell edge
- Basic connectivity (i.e., lowest possible MCS)
- Ref RX sensitivity requirement
SNIR_min
LTE Link Budget General Rules
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Parameter Value Comment
A Max eNB TX power 46 dBm
B Cable loss 3 dB
C CP loss 1 dB
D eNB antenna gain max 19 dBi
E EIRP max 61 dBm = A – B – C + D
BW_RX 1.8 MHz
F Noise power -102 dBm
G SNIR_min 5 dB From MCS tables
H UE antenna gain 0 dBi
I Min required RX power -97 dBm = F + G - H
J total path loss 158 dBm = E – I
K Other gains, losses, margins - 10 dB Shadowing, fast fading, multiantenna
L Maximum Allowed Propagation Loss 148 dBm = J + K
Cell range 3.5 km
eNB TX
UE RX
LTE Link Budget Example Link Budget in Downlink
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* Omni 2-sectors 3-sectors
Site_area 2.6 * d2 1.3 * d2 1.95 * d2
Intersite_distance 0.87 * d 2* d 1.5 * d
After determiation of cell range (radius) d
we can estimate the site coverage area
GRID
to be entered into the RF Planning tool for verification
* Source: J. Laiho, A. Wacker, T. Novosad, „Radio Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS”, Wiley, 2002, pp 83
#sites = deployment_area / site_area
LTE Coverage Site Coverage Area and Inter-Site Distance
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Backup slides
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LTE/LTE-Advanced course portfolio List of IS-Wireless’ courses
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