Visual Dictionary
BSCI 2300Materials, Methods, and
EquipmentBy: Sp10stain
Air Barrier Paper
• An air barrier is a protective membrane fastened to the exterior wall sheathing to prevent moisture from deteriorating the sheathing. It also keeps air from entering the building through any cracks or seams in the sheathing.
Attic Ventilation
Soffit Vent
Attic vents are designed to remove heat and moisture from the attic space to the outside. Without these vents, the heat buildup would cause energy costs to go up considerably.
Attic Ventilation Cont.
Gable VentRidge Vent
Attic Ventilation Cont.
Roof Turbine
Backhoe
A backhoe is a large piece of equipment with a shovel-like arm on the back. The arm is used for digging long trenches and excavation.
Bucket size: 2’
Batter Boards
Batter boards are a frame that is built outside a proposed building site that lay out the plane of the new building.
Brick Arches
Parabolic ArchRoman Arch
Brick Arches
Arch with KeystoneArch with Centering
Brick Bonds
Header
Stretcher
Flemish Bond: Every course alternates stretcher header. Each row is aligned so that the headers fall in the middle of the stretcher above and below it.
Brick Bonds Cont.
Rowlocks
Running Bond: Every course consists of consecutive stretchers and overlaps the course below it by 1/2 or 1/3.
Stretcher Rowlock
Brick Bonds Cont.
Sailor Soldier
Brick Sizes
Norman Brick
3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 11 ½” W x H x L
Modular Brick
3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½”
W x H x L
Bulldozer
A bulldozer is a large piece of equipment with a blade on the front used for flattening large areas of ground.
Cladding
EIFS
Brick
Stone
Coursed Rubble
Cladding Cont.
Wood Boards
Wood Shingles Wood shingles are sawn, and wood shakes are split. These appear to be wood shingles. They have somewhat uniform faces.
Code Requirements According to the building code, a window sill can’t be more that 44” off the ground. This window is 21 ½” off the ground.
In the open position, this window is 7.2 square feet of space. The minimum opening square footage is 5.7.
This window is 34” x 30.5”. The minimum width is 20”, and the minimum height is 24”.
This window meets code. This is more than enough room to escape from this window
Code Requirements Cont.
The building code states that the minimum tread length is 10”, and the maximum riser height is 7 ¾”. The nosing can be no longer that 1 ¼” and no shorter than ¾”. The treads on these stairs are 11 ½” long, and the risers are 5 ½” high. The nosing on these stairs are ¾”.
These stairs are to code.
Concrete Joints
Failed Control Joint
A control joint is a channel cut or formed in the concrete to compensate for the expansion and contraction of the concrete. They are supposed to prevent cracks.
Concrete Joints Cont.
Isolation joints separate an item from a slab of concrete and prevent cracks that may form from independent movement of the object and the slab. This isolation joint is separating the load bearing column of the parking deck from the slab.
Concrete Masonry Unit
3 Courses of Brick Equal one CMU
A concrete masonry unit ,or CMU, is a block of concrete made with concrete that has no slump. A CMU block can be hollow or solid. There are several different types. A CMU is installed with mortar. A full CMU block has an 8” x 16” face. The standard block is 8” thick.
Concrete Masonry Unit
6 inch block 12 inch block
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units
Split Faced Block Ribbed Block
Doors
Flush Door
Doors
Panel
Top Rail
Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
Six Panel Door
Stile
Doors
Sidelight
Transom
A transom is a window above a door.
A sidelight is a fixed window next to the door.
Electrical Components
Service Head
Transformer
The transformer steps down the power from the high voltage lines to a lower voltage to be used in buildings.
The service head is where the electricity enters the house from the power pole.
Electrical Components Cont.
Meter
Service Panel
The meter measures the amount electricity used in the building.
The service panel distributes the electricity to the varies outlets of the building. It also house all the circuits.
Electrical Components Cont.
Double Duplex Receptacle
A double duplex receptacle is an outlet for electricity to plug appliances into.
Framing Elements
1. Anchor Bolt
Framing Elements Cont.
2) Sill Plate
Framing Elements Cont.
4) Subflooring5) Sole Plate3) Floor Joist
Framing Elements
6) Stud
7) Top Plate
9) Ceiling Joist
Framing Elements Cont.
8) Stringer10) Rafter
Framing Elements Cont.
12.) Roof Sheathing
11) Roof Decking
Front End Loader
A front end loader is a large piece of equipment that has a large bucket on the front that is good for loading a variety of materials and doing site work.
Gypsum Board
Gypsum board is interior panel that consists of a gypsum and a thick paper exterior. It is also called drywall or sheet rock. Most sheets are 36” wide and can come in a variety of lengths to meet the specific jobs.
Heat Pump
Air Handling Unit
The air handling unit pulls air from the outside and the return air ducts and conditions it the desired temperature. The air handling unit distributes the conditioned air to the different vents through a series of ducts.
Heat Pump Cont.
Compressor/ Evaporator
The compressor uses a refrigerant to absorb and remove heat from building.
Insulation
Batt/Blanket Insulation
Insulation decreases the amount of heat transfer between the walls to lower energy costs. Without insulation, the HVAC system would be highly inefficient. Insulation also acts as a sound barrier in interior spaces.
Insulation Cont.
Loose Fill
Insulation Cont.
Foamed in Place
Insulation Cont.
Rigid Board
Lintel
Precast Concrete Lintel
A lintel is a beam that carries the load of the wall above it. Masonry units can’t span openings without a lintel.
Mortar
Concave Joint
The brick is used as a veneer on the side of the Coliseum. The mortar is a ½” tooled joint. The mortar is probably Type N because the brick does not seem to be load bearing.
Mortar Cont.
Rake Joint
This brick is used as a veneer on the side of a Burger King . It is a 3/8” tooled Rake Joint. This does not appear to be a load bearing wall. It is probably Type O.
Oriented Strand Board
Oriented Strand Board, or OSB, is made by gluing wood fibers in specific directions and bonding together under pressure.
Plumbing
Lavatory
Water Closet Drain Size: 1 ½” diameterDrain Size: 3” Diameter
Plumbing Cont.
Manufactured Shower and Tub
Plumbing Cont.
Plumbing Roof Vent
The roof vent supplies air to the plumbing system to keep the flow of water from sucking the water from the trap and letting sewer gases enter the building.
Plumbing Cont.
Drop-in Kitchen Sink
Plywood Plywood is made by adhering several layers of thin veneer together to make a strong sheet. Each layer of veneer is glued with the grains perpendicular the layer under it to provide extra strength. A typical sheet of plywood is 4’ x 8’.
Radiant Barrier
Rebar
This rebar is ½’’ in diameter. It is called #4 rebar because it is four eighths of an inch.
The deformations in the rebar increase the surface area of the rebar and create more friction between the rebar and the concrete. Without the deformations, the rebar could be pulled out of the concrete.
Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter
The gutter collects water from the roof, keeps it from pouring in front of the doors, and carries it to the downspout where it is directed to the ground.
Steep Roof Drainage Cont.
Downspouts
The downspout connects to the gutter and directs the water to the ground.
Steep Roof Drainage Cont.
Splash block
A splash block is a plastic or concrete block that keeps the water from the downspout from collecting near the house or eroding the soil .
Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment
The underlayment is a layer of waterproof material attached to the sheathing of the roof under the shingles to keep the water that seeps through the cracks in the shingles from getting to the sheathing below. Underlayment is usually black building felt.
Steep Roof Materials Cont.
Clay Tile
Steep Roof Materials Cont. Metal Shingles
A shingle is a building material that is used as roofing or siding. Shingles are laid from the bottom up with every layer overlapping the one below it to keep water out.
Steep Roof Materials Cont.
Metal Panel Roof Metal panel roofs can be made out of steel, aluminum, copper, or zinc.
Steep Roof Shapes
Gable Roof Gambrel
Steep Roof Shapes Cont.
Hip RoofMansard Roof
Steep Roof Terms
The ridge is the horizontal line made by two sloping sides of the roof.
Valley
Ridge
The valley is a trough formed by two sloping planes of a roof.
Steep Roof Terms Cont.
The eave is the lowest horizontal edge of a sloped roof.
FasciaEave The fascia is the exposed vertical face of the eave.
Soffit
The underside of the horizontal edge of the roof.
Steep Roof Terms Cont.
Roof Without Fascia
Steep Roof Terms Cont.
Rake
The rake is the downward sloping edge of a steep roof
Stone Cont.
Random Rubble Coursed Rubble
Stone
Random AshlarCoursed Ashlar
Vapor Retarder
The vapor retarder’s purpose is to keep water vapor from entering the building. It is usually place on the warm-in- winter side of the wall. This vapor retarder is attached to batt/ blanket insulation.
Waterproofing
Loosely Laid
This waterproofing is loosely laid on the CMU wall. The waterproofing is going to keep moisture from entering the building through the crack made by the sill plate and the foundation when the dirt is filled around the home.
Weep Hole
A weep hole is a small hole in a wall that provides a route for water that gathers behind the wall to escape. In brick walls a header joint is usually left unfilled to make the weep hole.
Welded Wire Fabric
Welded wire fabric (WWF) is used in concrete slabs to add tensile strength to the slab. The WWF is placed in the middle of the slab. This WWF is waiting for concrete to fill the forms.
Windows
This is a Casement window that swings outward and is hinged on the side
This is an inward swinging Hopper window ,and it is hinged along the bottom.
Windows Cont.
This is a double hung window. The top and bottom sashes slide up and down.