Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300Materials, Methods, and

EquipmentBy: Sp10stain

Air Barrier Paper

• An air barrier is a protective membrane fastened to the exterior wall sheathing to prevent moisture from deteriorating the sheathing. It also keeps air from entering the building through any cracks or seams in the sheathing.

Attic Ventilation

Soffit Vent

Attic vents are designed to remove heat and moisture from the attic space to the outside. Without these vents, the heat buildup would cause energy costs to go up considerably.

Attic Ventilation Cont.

Gable VentRidge Vent

Attic Ventilation Cont.

Roof Turbine

Backhoe

A backhoe is a large piece of equipment with a shovel-like arm on the back. The arm is used for digging long trenches and excavation.

Bucket size: 2’

Batter Boards

Batter boards are a frame that is built outside a proposed building site that lay out the plane of the new building.

Brick Arches

Parabolic ArchRoman Arch

Brick Arches

Arch with KeystoneArch with Centering

Brick Bonds

Header

Stretcher

Flemish Bond: Every course alternates stretcher header. Each row is aligned so that the headers fall in the middle of the stretcher above and below it.

Brick Bonds Cont.

Rowlocks

Running Bond: Every course consists of consecutive stretchers and overlaps the course below it by 1/2 or 1/3.

Stretcher Rowlock

Brick Bonds Cont.

Sailor Soldier

Brick Sizes

Norman Brick

3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 11 ½” W x H x L

Modular Brick

3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½”

W x H x L

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a large piece of equipment with a blade on the front used for flattening large areas of ground.

Cladding

EIFS

Brick

Stone

Coursed Rubble

Cladding Cont.

Wood Boards

Wood Shingles Wood shingles are sawn, and wood shakes are split. These appear to be wood shingles. They have somewhat uniform faces.

Code Requirements According to the building code, a window sill can’t be more that 44” off the ground. This window is 21 ½” off the ground.

In the open position, this window is 7.2 square feet of space. The minimum opening square footage is 5.7.

This window is 34” x 30.5”. The minimum width is 20”, and the minimum height is 24”.

This window meets code. This is more than enough room to escape from this window

Code Requirements Cont.

The building code states that the minimum tread length is 10”, and the maximum riser height is 7 ¾”. The nosing can be no longer that 1 ¼” and no shorter than ¾”. The treads on these stairs are 11 ½” long, and the risers are 5 ½” high. The nosing on these stairs are ¾”.

These stairs are to code.

Concrete Joints

Failed Control Joint

A control joint is a channel cut or formed in the concrete to compensate for the expansion and contraction of the concrete. They are supposed to prevent cracks.

Concrete Joints Cont.

Isolation joints separate an item from a slab of concrete and prevent cracks that may form from independent movement of the object and the slab. This isolation joint is separating the load bearing column of the parking deck from the slab.

Concrete Masonry Unit

3 Courses of Brick Equal one CMU

A concrete masonry unit ,or CMU, is a block of concrete made with concrete that has no slump. A CMU block can be hollow or solid. There are several different types. A CMU is installed with mortar. A full CMU block has an 8” x 16” face. The standard block is 8” thick.

Concrete Masonry Unit

6 inch block 12 inch block

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Split Faced Block Ribbed Block

Doors

Flush Door

Doors

Panel

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Six Panel Door

Stile

Doors

Sidelight

Transom

A transom is a window above a door.

A sidelight is a fixed window next to the door.

Electrical Components

Service Head

Transformer

The transformer steps down the power from the high voltage lines to a lower voltage to be used in buildings.

The service head is where the electricity enters the house from the power pole.

Electrical Components Cont.

Meter

Service Panel

The meter measures the amount electricity used in the building.

The service panel distributes the electricity to the varies outlets of the building. It also house all the circuits.

Electrical Components Cont.

Double Duplex Receptacle

A double duplex receptacle is an outlet for electricity to plug appliances into.

Framing Elements

1. Anchor Bolt

Framing Elements Cont.

2) Sill Plate

Framing Elements Cont.

4) Subflooring5) Sole Plate3) Floor Joist

Framing Elements

6) Stud

7) Top Plate

9) Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements Cont.

8) Stringer10) Rafter

Framing Elements Cont.

12.) Roof Sheathing

11) Roof Decking

Front End Loader

A front end loader is a large piece of equipment that has a large bucket on the front that is good for loading a variety of materials and doing site work.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is interior panel that consists of a gypsum and a thick paper exterior. It is also called drywall or sheet rock. Most sheets are 36” wide and can come in a variety of lengths to meet the specific jobs.

Heat Pump

Air Handling Unit

The air handling unit pulls air from the outside and the return air ducts and conditions it the desired temperature. The air handling unit distributes the conditioned air to the different vents through a series of ducts.

Heat Pump Cont.

Compressor/ Evaporator

The compressor uses a refrigerant to absorb and remove heat from building.

Insulation

Batt/Blanket Insulation

Insulation decreases the amount of heat transfer between the walls to lower energy costs. Without insulation, the HVAC system would be highly inefficient. Insulation also acts as a sound barrier in interior spaces.

Insulation Cont.

Loose Fill

Insulation Cont.

Foamed in Place

Insulation Cont.

Rigid Board

Lintel

Precast Concrete Lintel

A lintel is a beam that carries the load of the wall above it. Masonry units can’t span openings without a lintel.

Mortar

Concave Joint

The brick is used as a veneer on the side of the Coliseum. The mortar is a ½” tooled joint. The mortar is probably Type N because the brick does not seem to be load bearing.

Mortar Cont.

Rake Joint

This brick is used as a veneer on the side of a Burger King . It is a 3/8” tooled Rake Joint. This does not appear to be a load bearing wall. It is probably Type O.

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented Strand Board, or OSB, is made by gluing wood fibers in specific directions and bonding together under pressure.

Plumbing

Lavatory

Water Closet Drain Size: 1 ½” diameterDrain Size: 3” Diameter

Plumbing Cont.

Manufactured Shower and Tub

Plumbing Cont.

Plumbing Roof Vent

The roof vent supplies air to the plumbing system to keep the flow of water from sucking the water from the trap and letting sewer gases enter the building.

Plumbing Cont.

Drop-in Kitchen Sink

Plywood Plywood is made by adhering several layers of thin veneer together to make a strong sheet. Each layer of veneer is glued with the grains perpendicular the layer under it to provide extra strength. A typical sheet of plywood is 4’ x 8’.

Radiant Barrier

Rebar

This rebar is ½’’ in diameter. It is called #4 rebar because it is four eighths of an inch.

The deformations in the rebar increase the surface area of the rebar and create more friction between the rebar and the concrete. Without the deformations, the rebar could be pulled out of the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter

The gutter collects water from the roof, keeps it from pouring in front of the doors, and carries it to the downspout where it is directed to the ground.

Steep Roof Drainage Cont.

Downspouts

The downspout connects to the gutter and directs the water to the ground.

Steep Roof Drainage Cont.

Splash block

A splash block is a plastic or concrete block that keeps the water from the downspout from collecting near the house or eroding the soil .

Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment

The underlayment is a layer of waterproof material attached to the sheathing of the roof under the shingles to keep the water that seeps through the cracks in the shingles from getting to the sheathing below. Underlayment is usually black building felt.

Steep Roof Materials Cont.

Clay Tile

Steep Roof Materials Cont. Metal Shingles

A shingle is a building material that is used as roofing or siding. Shingles are laid from the bottom up with every layer overlapping the one below it to keep water out.

Steep Roof Materials Cont.

Metal Panel Roof Metal panel roofs can be made out of steel, aluminum, copper, or zinc.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Gambrel

Steep Roof Shapes Cont.

Hip RoofMansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

The ridge is the horizontal line made by two sloping sides of the roof.

Valley

Ridge

The valley is a trough formed by two sloping planes of a roof.

Steep Roof Terms Cont.

The eave is the lowest horizontal edge of a sloped roof.

FasciaEave The fascia is the exposed vertical face of the eave.

Soffit

The underside of the horizontal edge of the roof.

Steep Roof Terms Cont.

Roof Without Fascia

Steep Roof Terms Cont.

Rake

The rake is the downward sloping edge of a steep roof

Stone Cont.

Random Rubble Coursed Rubble

Stone

Random AshlarCoursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

The vapor retarder’s purpose is to keep water vapor from entering the building. It is usually place on the warm-in- winter side of the wall. This vapor retarder is attached to batt/ blanket insulation.

Waterproofing

Loosely Laid

This waterproofing is loosely laid on the CMU wall. The waterproofing is going to keep moisture from entering the building through the crack made by the sill plate and the foundation when the dirt is filled around the home.

Weep Hole

A weep hole is a small hole in a wall that provides a route for water that gathers behind the wall to escape. In brick walls a header joint is usually left unfilled to make the weep hole.

Welded Wire Fabric

Welded wire fabric (WWF) is used in concrete slabs to add tensile strength to the slab. The WWF is placed in the middle of the slab. This WWF is waiting for concrete to fill the forms.

Windows

This is a Casement window that swings outward and is hinged on the side

This is an inward swinging Hopper window ,and it is hinged along the bottom.

Windows Cont.

This is a double hung window. The top and bottom sashes slide up and down.