Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper

• Definition-A material used as both a vapor retarded and an air barrier

• It is keeping the sheathing dry and unharmed from weather conditions, any water that penetrates is allowed to be released as water vapor

Attic Ventilation-Soffit Vent

• Soffit Vents allow air to flow into the attic or space below the roof sheathing

Attic Ventilation-Ridge Vent

• It is needed to allow air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge

Attic Ventilation-Gable Vent

• It is needed for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic

Attic Ventilation-Roof Turbine

• Roof Turbines are needed to remove heat from the attic and replace it with outside air.

Backhoe

• Definition-a hydraulic excavating machine consisting of a tractor having an attached hinged boom, with a bucket with movable jaws on the end of the boom.

• Backhoes do earthwork, removing soil

• Width of Bucket-24”

Batter Boards

• Definition and Use-One of a number of boards set horizontally to support strings for outlining the foundation plan of a building

Brick Arches

• Roman Arch

• Segmental Arch

Brick Arches-Arch with Keystone

Brick Arches-Centering

• Definition- a temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch during construction until it is able to stand by itself

Brick Bonds

• Flemish-Bricks for each course alternate between headers and stretchers.

• Running- This is a pattern with each course made entirely of stretchers. Unlike the stack bond, the running bond courses alternate instead of being right on top of each other

Brick Bonds-Rowlocks

Brick Bonds-Headers

Brick Bonds-Soldiers

Brick Bonds-Sailors

Brick Bonds-Shiners

Brick Sizes• Standard• Size

– Height- 2-1/4”– Width- 3-5/8”– Length- 7-5/8”

• Norman

• Size

- Height- 2”

- Width- 3-1/2”

- Length- 11-1/2”

Bulldozer

• Definition and Use- a large, powerful tractor having a vertical blade at the front end for moving earth, tree stumps, rocks, etc.

Cladding-Brick Clad

Cladding-EIFS

Cladding-Stone Clad

• Coursed Ashlar

Cladding-Wood Board

Cladding-Wood Shingle

• Wood Shingle- A shingle made from wood that was commonly used before other shingles were manufactured

• Wood Shake-A shake is a wooden shingle that is made from split logs

Code Requirements-Egress Window

• Width-30”• Height-60”• Area-1800in squared• Sill Height Above Finished floor- 24”• Codes Max Sill Height-44”• Codes Minimum Opening Size- 5.7

square feet, 5 square feet if the sill is not more than 44” above or below the finish grade

• Codes Minimum net width- 20”• Codes Minimum net height- 24”• This window meets all the IBC

requirements because it has a large enough width, height, area, and is within the maximum sill height from the finished floor

Code Requirements-Stair Studied

• Measured Tread– 13-1/4”

• Measured Riser– 7”

• Code Requirements– Tread- min. 10”– Riser- max 7-3/4”

– These stairs meet the requirements set forth by IBC because the tread length is greater than the minimum length required and riser is less than the maximum length required.

Concrete Joints-Control Joints

• Definition- scored lines put in by the cement finisher to provide a predictable, weakened straight line for the concrete to break along as it cures, shrinks and settles

Concrete Joints-Isolation Joint

• Isolation joints are used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement between two materials

Concrete Masonry Unit1 CMU=3 Bricks

• Definition- is a large rectangular brick used in construction. Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete, i.e. Portland cement and aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel for high-density blocks

• Important aspects of CMU are that they are structurally strong and quick to assemble

• Typical Dimensions are 8” by 8” by 16”

1

3

21

Concrete Masonry Unit-Different Size CMU

• 8” by 8” by 16”

• 8” by 12” by 16”

Concrete Masonry Unit-Decorative CMU

• Split Block

• Ribbed Block

Doors-Exterior Flush Door

Doors-Exterior Panel Door

• Panel• Stile• Top Rail• Lock Rail• Bottom Rail

Doors-Transom and Sidelight

• Transom- a window above a door

• Sidelight- a window at the side of a door or another window

Electrical Components-Transformer

• A transformer transforms electric energy from one set of one or more circuits to another set of one or more circuits such that the frequency of the energy remains unchanged while the voltage and current usually change

Electrical Components-Service Head and Meter

• Service Head- brings the electricity from the transformer to the meter

• Meter- measures the kilowatts that are used by the building

Electrical Components-Service Panel

• Function- Panel of breakers automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit

Electrical Components-Duplex Receptacle

• Function- to allow access to electricity for appliances or anything that requires power

Framing Elements- #1Anchor Bolt

Framing Elements-#2Sill Plate

Framing Elements-#3Floor Joists and #4Subflooring

• Floor Joists

• Subflooring

Framing Elements-#5Sole Plate

Framing Elements-#6Stud, #7Top Plate

• Stud

• Top Plate

Framing Elements-#8Ceiling Joists

Framing Elements-#9Rafter, #10Roof Decking

• Rafter

• Roof Decking

Framing Elements-#11Sheathing

Framing Elements-#12Stringer

Front End Loader

• A front end loader differs from a backhoe because a backhoe is used for primarily digging, not picking up and moving materials. A front end loader differs from a bulldozer because it is used to pick up dirt and materials instead of pushing the dirt or materials.

Gypsum Board

• Definition- wallboard with a gypsum plaster core bonded to layers of paper or fiberboard; used instead of plaster or wallboard to make interior walls

Heat Pump-Compressor/Condensor• Advantage of Heat

Pumps- Heat pumps often pay for themselves in only a few month from the energy that they save

• Disadvantage of Heat Pumps- Inability to work at very low temperatures

Heat Pump-Air Handling Unit

• Air Handling Unit- A device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system

Insulation- Batt or Blanket

• Batt and blanket insulation is made of mineral fiber -- either processed fiberglass or rock wool -- and is used to insulate below floors, above ceilings, and within walls. Generally, batt insulation is the least expensive wall insulation material but requires careful installation for effective performance.

Insulation-Loose Fill Insulation

• Loose-fill insulation includes loose fibers or fiber pellets that are blown into building cavities or attics using special equipment. It generally costs more than batt insulation. However, it usually fills nooks and crannies easier, reduces air leakage better, and provides better sound insulation than batt-type insulation.

Insulation-Foam Insulation

• Spray foam insulation is a two-part liquid containing a polymer (such as polyurethane or modified urethane) and a foaming agent. The liquid is sprayed through a nozzle into wall, ceiling, and floor cavities. As it is applied it expands into a solid cellular plastic with millions of tiny air-filled cells that fill every nook and cranny. Spray foam insulation should be applied by a professional using special equipment to meter, mix, and spray into place. Spray foam insulation is commonly used for retrofits; it is good for irregularly shaped areas and around obstructions

Insulation-Rigid Board Insulation

• Rigid board insulation is commonly made from fiberglass, polystyrene, or polyurethane and comes in a variety of thicknesses with a high insulating value (approximately R-4 to R-8 per inch). This type of insulation is used for reproofing work on flat roofs, on basement walls and as perimeter insulation at concrete slab edges, and in cathedral ceilings.

Lintel

• Concrete Lintel- a horizontal architectural member supporting the weight above an opening, as a window or a door

Mortar-Concave Joint• Tooled• Size 3/8”• Brick Clad University

Building• Type S

Mortar-Raked• Tooled• Size- 3/8”• Brick Clad University

Building• Type S Mortar

Oriented Strand Board

• OSB is a non-veneered engineered wood product formed by layering strands or flakes of wood in specific orientations. It has a rough surface with individual strips laying across each other.

Plumbing-Lavatory

• Drain Pipe Size– 1-1/2”

Plumbing-Water Closet

• Piping size- 3”

Plumbing-Tub without Gypsum Board

Plumbing-Roof Vent

The Roof Vent prevents suction and backflow from occurring in the Plumbing lines

Plumbing-Kitchen Sink Installed in Countertop

• Drop in Sink

Plywood

• Wood panels that are made of an odd number of thin wood veneers that are glued together

• Veneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing

Radiant Barrier

• -Radiant barrier-– a reflective material that

inhibits heat transfer by radiation. It is usually placed between the rafters of a roof to deflect the sun’s rays.

Rebar

• Rebar #5• 5/8” Diameter• The deformations

are used to help bond the concrete to the rebar and hold the rebar in place while and after the concrete is drying.

Steep Roof Drainage-Gutter and Downspout

• Gutter-– a channel at the

eaves or on the roof of a building, for carrying off rain water

• Downspout-– a pipe for conveying

rain water from a roof or gutter to the ground or to a drain

Steep Roof Drainage-Splashblock

• Splashblock-– a concrete block that

diverts water at the bottom of a downspout to avoid soil erosion

Steep Roof Materials-Underlayment

• Underlayment- a layer of waterproof material between roof sheathing and roofing. It is used to keep water off of the sheathing and prevent it from entering the home

Steep Roof Materials-Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials-Wood Shingle

• Shingle- a thin piece of wood, slate, metal, asbestos, or the like, usually oblong, laid in overlapping rows to cover the roofs and walls of buildings

Steep Roof Materials-Metal Panel Roof

• Galvanized or aluminized steel are typically used to fabricate metal panel roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable

Gambrel

Steep Roof Shapes-Hip and Mansard

Steep Roof Terms

• Ridge• Valley• Eave• Rake

Steep Roof Terms

• Ridge- the level intersection of roof planes at their highest point

• Valley- the sloping intersection of 2 roof planes where water drains towards it

• Rake- the sloping edge of a roof

• Eave- the level, low edge of a roof

Steep Roof Terms

• Fascia- the exposed vertical face of an eave

• Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building of an eave

Steep Roof Terms-Building without Fascia

• This building has no vertical face of an eave

Stone-Random Rubble and Coursed Rubble

Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Stone-Random Ashlar and Coursed Ashlar

Random Ashlar

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

• Vapor Retarded- A vapor retarder is a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. It is place on the warm-in- winter side of a building

Waterproofing

• Waterproofing- An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. It keeps water in the soil from entering the foundation.

Liquid Applied Waterproofing

Weep Hole

• A small opening in brick cladding to permit the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building cavity. It is generally a head joint that is not mortared to allow water caught in the wall cavity a place to escape

Welded Wire Fabric

• The welded wire fabric adds tensile strength to the concrete slab

• Dimensions- 6” by 6”

Window #1-Casement Window

• This is an out-swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window

Window #2-Single Hung Window

This is a single hungWindow becausebottom sash slides upward and the topsash is permanently fixed

Window #3-Hopper Window

This is a hopper windowbecause it tilts inward and is hinged on the bottom and tilts open atthe top so the entire window can be opened