Visual Dictionary

Materials, Methods and Equipment I

Air Barrier Paper

Air Barrier PaperDefinition- a solid membrane material that generally that blocks air flow in one/both directions. It is applied to the exterior, but behind the cladding material. It usually comes in rolls up to 150’ long and up to 14’ tall.

Attic Ventilation

Soffit Vent, Ridge Vent, Gable Vent, Roof Turbine

Soffit VentAttic Ventilation- allows the exchange of air to be cycled through the attic area, as to get rid of stale air and introduce fresh air. It is also used to remove heated air through the ridge/gable vents and allow fresh air in through the soffit vents.

Ridge VentWhat it is doing- It allows attic heat to escape thru the top of the roof.

Gable VentIt allows air to freely enter and escape to keep stale air out of the attic space where the air-exchange unit is usually placed.

Roof TurbineA device that is mounted thru the roof that is powered by the wind outside or sometimes small electric motors, it helps escape hot moist air that is caused in the heating months

Backhoe

also called a rear actor, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. It can move from side to side, up and down, in and out.

BackhoeWidth of bucket- 18”

BatterboardsDefinition- boards that are fastened horizontally to stakes driven into the ground on the outside of the corners of a prospected location of a building. A string will be pulled from one to another to mark the outline of the building.

Brick Arches

Jack Arch Gothic Arch

Brick Arches cont.

Arch with a KeystoneCentering- temporary formwork for a dome, arch, or vault

Brick Bonds

Brick Bonds cont. Fleming- an alternating pattern of running bonds and headers on every course

English- has six courses of headers, and then a course of headers

Brick Bonds cont

Rowlocks Headers

Brick Bonds cont

Soldiers Sailors

Brick Bonds cont.Stretcher rowlocks (aka shiners)-these shiners are standing are standing straight up, but are still shiners because are finishing the row

Brick SizesModular Brick3 ½ “ x 7 5/8 “x 2 ¼ “

Utility Brick3 ½” x 11 ½” x 3 3/8”

Bulldozer

• A tractor that usually has “tracks” as source of movement that has a large blade on the front used to move/lift large quantities of earth, gravel, sand, etc.

• It is usually used for heavy construction, and pre-construction purposes

Cladding

Brick Cladding EFIS Cladding

Cladding cont

• Stone Cladding• Coursed Ashlar

Cladding Cont

• Wood board cladding

Cladding

• Definition of Wood Shingle- is sawn from wood blocks and have a generally smooth surface

• Definition of Wood Shake-are split from blocks of wood, are less uniform and have a taper.

• This is a wood shake

Code Requirements

Code Requirements cont.

Egress window from bedroom Measurements of open area• 28” wide by 24” tall open

area.

Code Requirements cont.

• IBC requirements- the minimum horizontal area shall be no smaller than 5.7ft sq. Min opened height shall be atleast 24”, and min opened width of 20”. And no more than 44” AFF.

• The window meets requirements for the following reason- The min measurements are exceeded.

Code Requirements cont.

Stair studied Measurements of tread and riser

• Tread-11”• Riser-7”

Code RequirementsIBC code requirement for tread and riser

• That the tread be no less than 10”, and that the riser be no more than 7 ¾”.

Reason for stair meeting IBC code

• The dimensions of the steps are at the least above the desired 10” tread, and below the 7 ¾” max for the riser.

Concrete Joints

Control Joint- a controlled joint that helps minimize undesired cracks in unwanted areas of the concrete.

Concrete Joints cont.

Control Joint and crack near

Isolation Joint

Definition- AKA expansion joints, are generally in between walls and columns and they help relieve flexural stress from movement of the slab or column.

A wall is being isolated from the finished concrete floor.

Concrete Masonry Unit1 CMU=3 brick coursesDefinition w/ typical dimensions- an individual piece of hardened concrete that is laid up in the same fashion as brick or stone. 6x8x16

Two different size CMU laid together

Decorative CMU

Split Block Ribbed Block

Doors

Exterior Flush door

Exterior panel door with descriptions-top railBottom rail, stile, panel, lock rail

Doors cont.TransomDefinition- a small window directly above a door that can be functioning as a hopper or awning

SidelightDefinition- tall, usually narrow windows that run the height of the door, do not move.

Electrical ComponentsPower pole w/ transformerFunction- this unit takes the electricity coming from the power company and turns it into a useful power source that we can use to power our homes

Service head- channels the power coming from the transformer to the service/ house via a weatherproof entry

Electrical Components cont.MeterFunction- reads the amount of electricity that Is being used in the residence

Service PanelFunction-distributes the electrical currentthroughout the residence

Electrical Components cont.Function- to supply the proper amount of current to desired areas of the residence Duplex receptacle

Framing Elements

#1. Anchor Bolt #2. Sill Plate

Framing Elements cont.

#3. Floor Joist #4. Subflooring

Framing Elements cont.

#5. Sole Plate #6. Stud

Framing Elements cont.

#7. Top Plate #8. Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements cont.

#9. Rafter #10. Roof Decking

Framing Elements cont.

#11. Sheathing #12. Stringer

Front End LoaderDefinition- the front end loader is used to transport loose materials to a desired location without pushing it across the ground. -It differs from a bulldozer because a dozer is mainly used to push very large quantities of material from one area to another .

Gypsum Board

• Definition- a material that is used mostly on the interior that has a gypsum core and is faced on both sides with paper.

Heat Pump

Advantage• Has the capacity to both

heat and cool• Quick response time• Can filter air and control

humidity

Disadvantage• Ducts/systems are bulky• Usually noisy• Difficult to work around and

zone

Heat Pump cont.Compressor/CondenserFunction- to move outdoor air across refrigerant coils to change the temperature of the refrigerant

Air Handling UnitFunction- this unit takes the refrigerant and whether heating or cooling blows air across the coils to get the desired effect to then push the air through the residence

Insulation

Purpose- to be able to provide thermal comfort to the occupants

within the thermal envelope

Insulation cont.

Batt/Blanket Loose Fill

Insulation cont.

Foamed Rigid Board

Lintel- SteelDefinition- a structural piece of steel, concrete, etc. that helps carry loads above doors, windows, and general openings

MortarMortar Joint 1- Tooled3/8”, residential home, type-n

Mortar Joint 2- Tooled1/2 “, storage building, type-n

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Definition- a non-veneered panel product that is composed of long

shreds of wood oriented in a certain pattern, glued and compressed

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

PlumbingLavatoryUses a 1 ½’’ PVC pipe as drainage

Water ClosetUses a 3” PVC pipe as drainage

Plumbing cont.Shower/Tub (steel) in framing prior to gypsum board- in a post-fire situation

Plumbing Roof VentFunction- it maintains an atmospheric pressure for the plumbing and waste lines by connecting them to the outdoor air

Plumbing cont.Bathroom SinkIntegral Sink

Plywood- T1-11 siding shownDefinition of Plywood- wood panel composed of an odd number of layers, laying perpendicular to each other for maximum strength ,of thin veneers of wood bonded together under pressure

Veneer-Thin layer, sheet or facing

Radiant Barrier-Foil TypeDefinition/Function- to provide a radiant barrier in an air space from infrared energy

Rebar

• Size 7/8” and is # 7.• Purpose of

deformations is to provide the concrete to have more holding power on the steel bar

Steep Roof DrainageGutter- a channel that sometimes has a “leaf-guard” that catches rainwater and snowmelt from the eave of a roof

Downspout- channels the water caught in the gutter away from the house to a desired location

Steep Roof Drainage

• Splashblock • Is-A bed of grave, pre-formed concrete piece, plastic, etc.

• Does- It provides the protection of the natural earth from erosion of the swift moving channeled water of the gutter/downspout assembly

Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment- provides a second layer of protection to keep the roof sheathing dry, usually a asphalt-impregnated paper Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials cont.Shingle- usually small unit of water resistant material nailed in an overlapping fashion to keep water flowing in downward direction

• Slate shingle roof

Metal Panel RoofTypical materials are Aluminum and aluminized steel

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes cont.

Hip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge- a level intersection of two roof lines in a gable roof

Valley- the low point, “trough”, of two intersecting roof slopes

Steep Roof Terms cont.Eave- the horizontal edge at the low side of a roof with a slope Rake- the sloping edge of a steep roof

Steep Roof Terms cont.Soffit- part of the exterior trim that is the underside of an overhang system

Fascia- part of the exterior trim that is on the facing of the overhang

Steep Roof Terms cont.

• Building without fascia- a building that does not have the part of the exterior trim that is on the facing of the overhang

Stone

Random Rubble Pattern Coursed Rubble Pattern

Stone Cont.

Random Ashlar Pattern Coursed Ashlar Pattern

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retardor• What it is doing- layer of

material that is used to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly

• It is generally put on the warmer side of the insulation

Waterproofing

Waterproofing• What it is doing- it helps

stop the intrusion of water from entering the building structure

• This is a liquid applied water proofer

Weep Hole

Definition- a small opening usually located in the head joint of masonry work

What it is doing- used to allow the escapement of water seeps through the brick, block, etc.

Welded Wire Fabric

WWF• Measurements are: 4” by 4”

grid

WindowsDouble Hung- It has a double sash design that move up and down independently of each otherWhy- it has two sashes that move independently from each other up and down

Hopper windowWhy- it hinges in the residence from the bottom

Windows cont.

Awning- it hinges from the top, and swings outward

Why- because the sash hinges from the top and swings outward