Visual DictionaryBSCI 2300

902451808

April 22, 2009

Air Barrier Paper

Sheet like material applied to the exterior sheathing. It permits water vapor to drain and limits water and air flow into the house.

Attic Ventilation 1

Soffit Vent

The vent allows air to flow into the attic or under the roof sheathing. This air helps prevent moisture accumulation by circulation. It also helps moderate the temperature in the attic, which in turns helps with energy efficiency in the house.

Attic Ventilation 2

Ridge VentThis vent allows for the passage of air to exit that initially came from the soffit or

gable vents.

Attic Ventilation 3

Gable VentThese are positioned on both sides

of the gables. They allow for passage of air in the attic area.

Attic Ventilation 4

Roof TurbineAir flow and wind will cause this propeller device to spin. The spin

pulls air out of the attic space providing ventilation.

Backhoe

A machine used by many trades that has a mechanical elbow arm with a scoop type bucket on the end. It is used to excavate earth at a very efficient rate. Operator must be trained. Some examples would be foundation work, footers, underground piping, and trenching. This particular bucket measures W20”xL30”xD21.5”.

Batter Boards

Batter boards form a temporary frame around the construction site that mark the foundation perimeter for underground work. Strings are pulled tight and strung between them to illustrate where the where the surface planes of the foundation will be.

Brick Arches

Jack Arch 1 Roman Arch 2

Brick Arches 2

Roman arch with keystone

Brick Arches 3

Centering is the temporary frame under an archway so the bricks can be laid up without falling. The keystone or center bricks would be put in last and then the centering removed so the arch supports itself.

Brick Bonds 1Brick bond 1Flemish bond- each course repeats the pattern of stretcher, header.

Brick bond 2Running bond- each course is all stretchers repeated

Brick bonds 2

Rowlocks Headers

Brick bonds

Soldiers Sailors

Brick bonds

Stretcher Rowlocks (Shiners)

Brick Sizes

Standard 3 ¾ x 2 ¼ x 8 ½ Modular 3 ½ x 2 ¼ x 7 ½

Bulldozer

A piece of heavy machinery used in construction and demolition. It has a large flat blade on the front. It clears by pushing the material out of the way. Site clearing and leveling are some popular uses. Requires skilled operator.

Cladding 1

Brick clad structure

Cladding 2

EFIS clad structure Close up picture

Cladding 3

Wood board clad structure

Cladding 3Wood shake cladding

Wood shakes have a rough, uneven, split wood appearance.Wood shingles have a smooth, geometrical, even appearance.

Code Requirements 1

Measurements W35”x H23 ½”Area: 822 ½ sq. inches or 5.71 sq. feetSill height: 27 ½”IBC Requirements: 20” minimum width, 24” minimum height, 5.7 sq. ft. minimum area, and less than/or equal to 44” sill heightThis window has a sill height within the requirement , and measurements that meet the minimum and total 5.71 sq. ft. It meets Egress code.

Code Requirements 2

MeasurementsTread: 11 ½”, Riser: 7”, Nosing: 1”IBC Requirements: Tread must be a minimum depth of 10”. Riser can only measure to a maximum height of 7 ¾”.This stairs riser length is within the maximum and the tread length is over the minimum. This stair meets code.

Concrete JointsA control joint is an intentional line of weakness put in structures to allow cracking to occur due to force. It allows the structure to crack there and not randomly elsewhere.

An isolation joint is when a space is left between a foundation system and another system due the difference in forces between the two. For example, below, the side walk system needs to move independently of the buildings foundation system. This permits movement with out damage.

Concrete Masonry Unit 1

CMU is concrete formed into stackable building blocks. The nominal of CMU is 8”x8”x16”. The actual size is 7 5/8”x7 5/8”x15 5/8”. It comes in a variety of sizes and can be used decoratively. Typically the block is stacked using mortar, then reinforced, then grouted.

1 CMU = 3 courses of brick

Concrete Masonry Unit 2

15 5/8” x 7 ½” x 7 ½”Typical

15 ½” x 7 5/8” x 5 ¾”Thin

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Installed Split-block Installed Ribbed-faced

Doors 1Exterior Flush Door

Doors 2Exterior Panel Door

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Stile

Bottom Rail Panel

Doors 3

Transom- a window directly over a door, can be several different sizes.

Sidelight- a tall, narrow window along the side of the door. Typically

one on each side.

Electrical Components 1

Power pole with a transformerThis element steps down the voltage of electricity so it will be safer for occupational use at a house or office.

Electrical Components 2

Service HeadThis assembly conducts the electricity from outside power lines to the meter.

Electrical Components 3

MeterThe meter measures the amount of power usage for the house.

Electrical Components 4

Service PanelThe service panel is the control center for electricity. It contains a main service switch and circuit breakers for the separate circuits. These act like individual fuses.

Electrical Components 5

Duplex ReceptacleThe duplex receptacle is a power source supplier within the house. Anything from water heaters to lamps and blenders can be plugged into these. They are a constant source of power that can only be used by a special plug converter.

Framing Elements 1

#1 Anchor Bolt #2 Sill Plate

Framing Elements 2

#3 Floor Joist #4 Subflooring

Framing Elements 3

#5 Sole Plate #6 Stud

Framing Elements 4

#7 Top Plate #8 Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements 5

#9 Rafter #10 Roof Decking

Framing Elements 6

#11 Sheathing #12 Stringer

Front End Loader

Bucket: W81”x H38½”x D27”This heavy machinery is used for land excavation and build up. Its front bucket can scoop dirt and distribute it where needed, where as the bulldozer just pushes. Machine operator required.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is an interior sheathing panel consisting of a gypsum core. This core is compressed in between two pieces of paper backing.

Heat Pump 1Condenser/Compressor

The condenser/compressors fan moves outdoor air across refrigerant contained coils to change the temperature of the liquid. The liquid is then transferred into the air handler.

Heat Pump 2Air Handling Unit

The handling unit sends the cooled refrigerant to a coil in the air supply duct which in turn cools the circulated air.

A disadvantage of a heat pump is the fact that its very noisy.

An advantage of a heat pump is its ability to cool and heat inside air.

Insulation 1Insulation is a material that is used in between spaces of a building to reduce heat flow throughout the assembly.

Batt or Blanket Insulation Loose Fill Insulation

Insulation 2

Foamed Insulation Rigid Board Insulation

Lintel

Steel LintelA lintel is a beam that carries the load above an opening in a wall, like a door or window.

Mortar 1

The mortar joint in this photo is tooled and is specified as raked. It is 9/16” wide and is used on a single family house. Probably type S mortar was used because of some of the structural requirements of the building.

Mortar 2

The mortar joint in this photo was troweled initially, then each brick and course was pushed down on to create an extruded, old-fashioned look. This is another single family house. The mortar is ¾” thick and is probably type N mortar. Reason is the cladding on this house is more decorative than structural.

Oriented Strand Board

OSB is not a veneered panel product. It is small strand-like pieces oriented in a particular pattern and bonded together under pressure. Typical size is a 4’x 8’ sheet.

Plumbing 1Lavatory

1 ½” piping used to drainWater Closet

3” piping used to drain

Plumbing 2

Manufactured Shower

The VTR is stabilizing the drains and waste lines by exposing them to atmospheric pressure in the outside air.

Plumbing Roof Vent

Plumbing 3

Kitchen Sink

Flush Mount

Plywood

Wood panel product composed of a number of layers of wood veneer. These layers are bonded together under pressure. Typical size is 4’ x 8’ sheet. Veneer means a thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Radiant Barrier

A reflective foil panel placed on the inside of the roof sheathing to help reflect infrared energy into the house.

Rebar

Rebar size: ½” diameter, # 4The deformations along the rebar are there to add friction and help it bond tightly to the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage 1

Gutter: this piece of metal acts as a funnel for water running off the roof. The runoff water is guided to a downspout

Downspout: this metal pipe transfers the water from the gutter to the ground and/or splash block

Steep Roof Drainage 2

Splash block: typically this piece is made of concrete and is used to disperse the runoff water evenly, so erosion will not occur

Steep Roof Materials 1Underlayment: waterproof material laid on top of roof sheathing to help with moisture control under the shingles

Clay Tile Roof

Shingles: small units applied to roof in overlapping fashion with vertical grooves

Steep Roof Materials 2

Slate Roof

Steep Roof Materials 3

Metal Panel RoofTypical materials used are aluminized or galvanized steelOthers could be copper, tin, brass, lead, nickel, chromium, bronze,

Steep Roof Shapes 1

Gable Roof Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes 2

Hip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms 1

Ridge: the level intersection of two roof planes

Valley: a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Steep Roof Terms 2

Eave: the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof

Rake: the sloping edge of a steep roof

Steep Roof Terms 3

Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, like a roof overhang

Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave

Steep Roof Terms 4

Building without Fascia: typically this is done when the overhang is not enclosed, which leaves the rafter tails exposed and no fascia. However there is still an eave present even though its unseen.

Stone 1

Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Stone 2

Random Ashlar

Stone 3

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder: layer of material intended to obstruct the flow of water vapor through an assembly, it is typically installed on the warm in winter side of insulation

Waterproofing

Waterproofing: an impervious membrane applied to the exterior of the foundation/building, it repels water. This particular waterproofing shown in the picture was liquid applied.

Weep Hole

Weep Hole: a small opening whose sole purpose is to permit the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building assembly or cladding

Welded Wire Fabric

Welded Wire Fabric: W78” x L216” x D6”

Windows 1

#1 Casement Window: this window pivots on an axis near a vertical edge of the sash, therefore it is a casement window

#2 Double-Hung Window: this window has two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks, therefore it is a double-hung window

Windows 2

#3 Fixed Window: this top semicircle window is immovably mounted in the wall, therefore it can’t open and is a fixed window