CLASS 1 – INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY

transcript

PSYC 2120 3.0 Social Psychology

Wednesday, January 8th – April 24th, 2014

Section M - 11:30-2:30, Vari Hall BSection O – 2:30-5:30, Curtis Lecture Hall L

1) Class Structure2) What is social psychology?3) What methods do social psychologists use?4) Break5) The psychfiles.com6) One of my favourite articles7) Class 2

Class Structure

1) What am I going to learn?

2) How am I going to learn it?

3) How will I be tested on it?

Course Instructor

Dr. Kerry Kawakamiemail: kawakami@yorku.caOffice: 324 Behavioural Sciences Building (BSB)

Best contacted via email.

Website:https://kawakami.squarespace.com/lectures-6405/

Course Teaching Assistants

Fran Karmaliemail: fkarmali@yorku.caOffice: 321 BSBOffice Hours: Tuesday, 11:00 – 12:00

Regis Capraraemail: r.e.caprara@gmail.comOffice: 321 BSBOffice Hours: Wednesday, 10:00 – 11:00

General Description

The primary goal of this course is to provide students with an introduction to research and theorizing in social psychology. Topics covered in this course will include research methods, attitudes and social information processing, social influence, the self, group processes, prejudice, altruism, aggression, and interpersonal attraction.

Class Format

One three hour class will be held each week consisting of lectures, video clips, and class discussions.

Course Textbook

Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Fehr, B. (2013). Social Psychology (Fifth Canadian Edition). Pearson Education Canada.

This textbook is available from the York Bookstore.ISBN: 978−0−13−216539−6Price $147.20

Required reading: Chapters 1 – 12. Not required: Social Psychology in Action 1, 2, and 3

Textbook Website

www.pearsonmylab.com- ebook

- Practice test questions

Course Administration

Enrolled? Please check the class list during the break or after class and

write down your name if you do not see it on the list.

Prerequisites Psyc 1010 6.0, minimum grade of C

Last Drop Date: March 7, 2014

Grading Two in-class exams (worth 30% each)

Wednesday, January 29th

Wednesday, March 12th

Multiple choice and short-answer questions Noncumulative - Material from lectures, videos, and textbook from each

section

One final exam (worth 40%) Final Exam Period, April 8th – April 24th Multiple choice and short answer questions Cumulative - Material from lectures, videos, and textbook from whole

course

Missed Exams

Course Schedule

1) Wednesday, Jan 8th - RegisIntroduction and Methodology

Reading material and websites:Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology, pp. 2-25.Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do

Research, pp. 26-53.

Check out website:https://kawakami.squarespace.com/lectures-6405/

Course Schedule

2) Wednesday, Jan 15th - RegisSocial Cognition

Reading material:Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think about the Social World, pp. 54-87.

Check out website:https://pearsonmylab.com

Course Schedule

3) Wednesday, Jan 22nd - RegisSocial Perception and Self-Perceptions

Reading material:Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People, pp. 88-121.Chapter 5: Self-Knowledge and the Need to Maintain

Self-Esteem, pp. 122-151.

Course Schedule

4) Wednesday, Jan 29th - RegisFirst In-Class Exam (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5)

Course Schedule

5) Wednesday, Feb 5th – FranAttitudes

Reading material:Chapter 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing

Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior, pp. 152-191.

Do Web demonstrations of the IAT – https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/

Course Schedule

6) Wednesday, Feb 12th - FranPersuasion

Course Schedule

7) Wednesday, Feb 19th – Reading Week – No Classes

Course Schedule

8) Wednesday, Feb 26th - FranConformity

Reading material:Chapter 7: Conformity: Influencing Others, pp. 192-233.

Course Schedule

9) Wednesday, March 5th – FranGroup Dynamics

Reading material:Chapter 8: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups, pp. 234-269.

Course Schedule

10) Wednesday, March 12th – FranSecond In-Class Exam (Chapters 6, persuasion, 7, and 8)

Course Schedule

11) Wednesday, March 19th – RegisStereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Reading material:Chapter 12: Prejudice: Causes and Cures, pp. 372-415.

Course Schedule

12) Wednesday, March 26th - FranAltruism and Aggression

Reading material:Chapter 10: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help?

pp. 310-337.Chapter 11: Aggression: Why We Hurt Other People, pp.

338-371.

Course Schedule

13) Wednesday, April 2nd - RegisInterpersonal Attraction and Close Relationshipsand Course Wrap-Up

Reading material:Chapter 9: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships, pp. 270-309.

Course Schedule

14) Final Exam: April 8th - 24th (Cumulative) - Fran and Regis - Date and Location TBA

Psyc 2120, Social PsychologyClass 1: Introduction and Methodology

Reading material:Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology, pp. 2-25.

Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research, pp. 26-53.

Check out the website:https://kawakami.squarespace.com/lectures-6405/

Social Psychology and Its MethodsChapters 1 and 2

1) What is social psychology?

2) What methods are used?

3) The Psych Files

4) One of my favorite studies

Social Psychology

Psychology: Scientific study of behavior and the mind

Gordon Allport (1985) Social Psychology is

“the scientific study of the way in which people’s (individual’s) thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people.”

Social Psychology

The scientific study of how we think and feel about, influence, and relate to one another.

The importance of the ABCs to social psychology- Affect (feelings)- Behavior (actions)- Cognitions (thoughts)

Social Psychology

How does social psychology differ from Sociology?

It’s about the individual and psychological processes Other areas of psychology?

Cognitive psychology It’s social

Clinical psychology It’s about normal populations

Personality psychology It’s about people in general (psychological processes that people have in common

with one another)

Research (and Theory)in Social Psychology

Theory: An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed

events

Creating hypotheses based on a theory (But can also creating hypotheses based on an observed

phenomenon)

Testable predictions about the relationship between two or more variables

Testing the hypotheses

Theory refinement

What is a Theory?

A theory aims to fill a gap in explaining important phenomena. In basic research, a theory is a system of logical principles that attempts to explain relations among observable phenomena.

Signs of a Good Theory

• Posits causal relationships• Attempts to be coherent• Tells a good story• Aims for parsimony (simple explanations are

preferable to complex explanations)• Is testable• Proves fertile• Solves problems

Susan Fiske (2004)

Example

Does exerting willpower/control deplete us?

Theory: People have a common source of controlled resources/willpower from which they draw. Each time we try to control our will, we reduce this pool of resources.

Baumeister et al. (1998)

How Can We Test a Hypothesis?

Hypothesis:

Do women on a diet have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet? Method

Correlational: Observational method* Observe/measure natural associations to assess the relationship

between two or more variables

Experimental: manipulate one factor to see if it affects another factor

Correlational Research

Examine whether the occurrence of A is related to the occurrence of B

Theory: Exerting willpower/control will deplete us.

Hypothesis: Women on a diet will have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet?

A – diet or notHow observe/measure this?One way - Restrained Eating Scale

B – cognitive resourcesHow observe/measure this?One way – Stroop Task

Measure of Diet?Restrained Eating Scale

1 . How often do you diet? Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always

2. What is the maximum amount of weight (in pounds) that you have ever lost in one month?

0 4 5-9 10-14 15- 19 2O+

3. Do you have feelings of guilt after overeating? Never Rarely Often Always

4. How conscious are you of what you are eating? Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Much

Measure of Cognitive ResourcesStroop Task

Yellow

Stroop Task

Correlational Research

Examine whether the occurrence of A is related to the occurrence of B

Example: Does exerting willpower/control deplete us?

Do women on a diet have fewer cognitive resources than women not on a diet?Results – correlation between score on the restrained eating scale and the Stroop task.

What is another way of testing this relationship? Another way of operationalizing willpower and controlled resources?

Experimental Research

Examine whether A causes B

Manipulate independent variable

Observe effect on dependent variable

Basic principles:

Experimental Control

Random Assignment

Experimental ResearchManipulate independent variable to see if it affects the dependent variable

Independent Variable- 1/3 subjects told not to show emotions during sad movie- 1/3 subjects given no instructions during sad movie- 1/3 not shown a movie and no instructions

Dependent Variable- Holding your hand in cold water for as long as possible

Experimental Research

Manipulate independent variable to see if it affects the dependent variable

Control

Emotions

Instructions

No Movie

Seconds inWater

Types of Validity

Issues related to validity are related to whether a relationship exists between 2 variables.

Internal Validity whether changes in the independent variable cause changes in the

dependent variable External Validity

whether the results generalize to other labs, participants, settings (e.g., in the field)

Mundane versus psychological realism Construct Validity

whether the manipulation related to the independent variable and the measurement of the dependent variable are good representations of the theoretical constructs intended

Problems with Correlational Research

Don’t know whether

A B A B

or A B

Problems with Experimental Research

Don’t know whether results are externally valid.

The Psych Files

The Psych Fileshttp://www.thepsychfiles.com/

Episode 45 – Research Designhttp://www.thepsychfiles.com/2008/02/episode-45-basic-research-design-part-1/

One of My Favourite Studies

Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg (1998)

- ideomotor effects

- independent variable

- dependent variable

- procedure

Questions?

Next Class

Class 2 Social Cognition

Reading material:Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think about the Social World, pp. 54-87.

Check out website:https://pearsonmylab.com

CLASS 1 – INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY

Documents