17th April, 2005Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005 1 Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja Technical Research...

17th April, 2005 Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005

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Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja

Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Building and Transport

Lifetime Engineering

A Visionary View


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LIFETIME ENGINEERING

Lifetime engineering is a theory and practice of predictive and integrated long-term investment planning, design, management of the use, maintenance planning and end-of-life management of facilities

With the aid of lifetime engineering we can control and

optimise the design and management of facilities corresponding to the objectives of owners, users and society.

The objective of Lifetime Engineering is an optimised Lifetime

Quality of facilities


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Life cycle of a building

Technical life cycle of the building

Technical life cycle of the building

0. LAND0. LAND

1. DEVELOP-MENT

1. DEVELOP-MENT

2. UTILIZATION2. UTILIZATION

3. VACANT3. VACANT4. REDEVELOP-MENT

4. REDEVELOP-MENT

5. UTILIZATION5. UTILIZATION

6. DEMOLITION6. DEMOLITION

1.1 Investment analysis

1.2 Project planning: Setting the goals

1.3 Choices

1.4 Designing and Construction

1.6 Auditing

Taking into use

1.7 Maintenance strategy

2.1 Implementation of the maintenance strategy

3.1Renting

3.2 Redevelopment 3.3 Sale

3.5 Demolition

Visio => cost-effectivenessstrategy

1.5 Quality control

4.1 Investment analysis

4.2 Project planning: Setting the goals

4.3 Choices

4.5 Auditing

Taking into use

4.6 Maintenance strategy

Environmental aspectsRe-use of the materials

The condition of the ground, impurities, soil etc.

5.1 Implementation of the maintenance strategy

3.4 Acquisition 3.4.1 Investment analysis

3.4.2 Setting the goals

3.4.3 Choices


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CONTENT OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING

- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design- Integrated lifetime procurement (lifetime contract)- Integrated lifetime management and maintenance

planning- Rehabilitation and modernisation- End-of Life Management:

- Recovery, Reuse - Recycling and- Disposal


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Visions of the future Lifetime Engineering

• The generic criteria of Sustainable Building are followed– in all phases of the life cycle

• The lifetime management is:– predictive: future usability, economy, ecology and cultural

aspects are evaluated, modelled and used as criteria for selections between alternative solutions and products in all phases

– creative: alternative solutions and technologies are created and found at all phases of the process

– optimising: comparisons between alternative solutions and products made with rational methods applying the criteria, which correspond to the generic criteria on techno-economic and architectural level


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Optimising Lifetime Management and design Process[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]

Quantity of informa-tion

Value management

and Cost

management opportunities

Unstructured information Concept information

Design information

a b A B C D E F G H

Project awareness

Client development

Inception Feasibility Outline proposals

Scheme design

Detail design

Production information

Bills of quantities

Tender action

Pre-brief Briefing Sketch plans Working drawings

Value management

Cost management


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LIFETIME ENGINEERING PROCESS

• Value engineering and management– a service

• that utilises structured functional analysis and • other problem solving tools and technques in order to • determine explicitely s client`s needs and wants • related to both cost and worth

• Cost management– a servgice that

• synthesises traditional quantity surveying skills with • structured cost cost reduction or • substitution procedures using multi-disciplinary team.


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Levels of the functional analysis

• Level 1: Task – represents the first stage wherein the client organisation perceives a

problem

– This problem may be realised through a study of efficiency, safety, markets, profitability etc.

• Level 2: Spaces– Represents the stage where the architect or the whole design team are

engaged in the preaparation of the brief in conjunction with the client

• Level 3: Elements/Modules:– Is the stage where the building assumes a structural form

• Level 4: Components:– Is the point where the elements/modules take an identity in terms of buit

form.

– Components are selected to satisfy the requirements in terms of surrounding and servicing space


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[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]

Asko Sarja


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CRITERIA OF LIFETIME QUALITYof sustainable building

HUMAN CONDITIONS-Functionality

-Health-Safety

-Convenience

ECONOMY-Investment economy

-Building costs-Life cycle costs

LIFETIME QUALITY

LIFETIME PERFORMANCE

CULTURE-Building traditions

-Life style-Business culture

-Aesthetics-Architectural styles and trends

-Image

ECOLOGY-Raw materials economy

-Energy economy-Environmental burdens economy

-Waste economy-Biodiversity


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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE QUALITY

• Life cycle monetary cost (LCMC)– Construction cost ( 40-60% of LCMC)– Costs during the period of use (50 y: 60-40% of LCMC)

• Maintenance cost during design service life

• Repair costs during design service life

• Changing costs during design service life

• Renewal costs during design service life

• Energy cost during design service life– Recovery + Reuse– Recycling – Disposal

•


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• Life cycle functionality (LCF)

–Functionality for the first user

– Flexibility for changes of building services

• Flexibility for changes of spaces

• Flexibility for changes in performance of structures


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• Life cycle maintainability • Reliability in operation in normal and

abnormal conditions

• Ease

• Frequency

• Staff requirements


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• Environmental effectiveness of the life cycle(LCEC)– Consumption of energy in use

(heating+lighting) - a dictating factor (ca. 90%)

– Consumption of energy in production (ca. 10%)

• Consumption of raw materials: Renewal/non-renewal

• Production of pollutants and disposals into air, soil and water


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ENERGY ECOMY CLASSIFICATION

• Class 1. Standard level. Heating + cooling energy economy is fitting the current standards of each country or region .

• Class 2. Reduced energy level: less than 50% of the current level.

• Class 3. Low energy level: less than 25% of the standard level.

• Class 4. Zero energy level: Heating + cooling energy consumption is zero.

• Class 5. Plus energy building: the gain of solar or other natural energy is more than needed for heating and building service systems


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• Safety, health and comfort– Internal air quality (emissions, fungi)

• Acoustic and visual privacy and convenience

• Hygrothermal quality of internal conditions

• Visual quality and aesthetics

– Working conditions during construction


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PHASES OF THE LIFETIME ENGINEERING

- Lifetime investment planning - Integrated lifetime design- Integrated lifetime procurement and construction- Integrated lifetime management and maintenance

planning- Rehabilitation and modernisation- End-of Life Management:

- Recovery, Reuse - Recycling and- Disposal


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Investment analysis

Risk analysis

Risks return and investment

value

Marketresearch

Technical evaluation

Cash flow expectations/analysis

Different risk analyses Location

Services: Needed/ available

Technical risksLeaseanalyses

Suitability for use

Technical condition

Usage

Technical characteristics

Technicalquality

Aesthetical quality

Income

Investment value and price

Maintenance and life cycle

costs

Residual and salvage values

Functionalquality

Financing, tax and legal environments

Different value concepts

[Taina Koskelo,A METHOD FOR STRATEGIC TECHNICAL LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATES]

Asko Sarja


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Lifetime investment planning and decision making

• The investment planning and decision making applies value management to audit and optimise:1.The client`s use of a facility in relation to its

corporate strategy

2.The project brief

3.The emerging design

4.The production method


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Maximum

Maximum

Optimum

Design cost Construction cost Use and MR&R (maintenace,

repair and rehabilitation) costs

Declining influence on costs

Unnecessary costs

Necessary extra cost

Minimum or optimum

Modified from: John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.

Minimum or optimum

High influenceLow expenditure

Low influenceHigh expenditure

Potential Benefits during lifetime


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CENTRAL CONTENT OF ILC (integrated Life Cycle)-DESIGN

– Introducing the requirements of owners, users and society (environment incl.) into functional and technical specifications of materials and structures

– Modular service life planning and optimisation– Performance based design of materials and

structures, incl. service life design (durability)– Design for reuse of components and for

recycling of materials


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INTRODUCING GENERIC CRITERIA INTO DESIGN

Sustainable Society - Sustainable Building

Normative and traditional reliability theory and methods for

structural design

Generalised lifetime limit state design

Generic Requirements for sustainable building

Resistance against mechanical loads

Durability against degradation

Usability against obsolescence


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FRAMEWORK OF ILC-DESIGN


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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS AND METHODS

• 1. Investment planning – Multiple criteria analysis, optimisation and decision

making.– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy

• 2. Analysis of client`s and user`s needs– Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)

• 3. Functional specifications of the buildings – Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)


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• 4. Technical performance specifications

– Modular design methodology. – Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)

• 5. Creation and sketching of alternative structural solutions

– Modular design methodology.


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• 6. Modular life cycle planning and service life optimisation of each alternative

– Modular design methodology.– Modular service life planning.– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy

calculations.

• 7. Multiple criteria ranking and selection between alternative solutions and products

– Modular design methodology.– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD).– Multiple Criteria Analysis, optimisation and decision

making


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• 8. Detailed design of the selected solution

– Design for future changes– Design for durability– Design for health– Design for safety– Design for hygrothermal performance.– User`s manual.– Design for re-use and recycling


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MODULAR ILC-DESIGN

• The tasks for each design alternative are the following:

• Classification of building modules into design service life classes, following a suited modular classification system.

• Stating the number of renewals of each module during the design service life of the building.

• Calculation of total life cycle monetary costs and costs of the nature (ecology) during the design life cycle of the building.

• Preliminary optimisation of the total life cycle cost varying the value of service life of key modules in each alternative between the allowed values.


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Specification of performance properties for the alternative structural solutions as an example a multi-storey apartment building.

Structural module Central performance properties in specifications

1. Foundations •Bearing capacity, target service life, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles

2. Bearing frame •Bearing capacity, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles.

3. Envelop/Walls •Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles

4. Envelop/Roof •Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles

5. Envelop/Ground Floor

•Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles


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6. Envelop/Windows • Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles

7. Envelop/Doors Target values of thermal insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles

8. Partition Floors • Target values of sound insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs,

limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations

9. Partition walls (incl. doors)

•Target values of sound insulation, target service life, estimated intervals of spatial changes in the building, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations

10. Bathroom and kitchen

• Target values of sound and moisture insulation, target service life, estimated repair intervals, estimated maintenance costs, limits and targets of environmental impact profiles, estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations


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CRITERIA IN SELECTION BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES

• The selected alternative can fulfil some of the following criteria:– Best in all requirements– Best weighted properties on reasonable cost

level– Best in preferred requirements, fulfilling

accepted level in all requirements– Best in valuated multiple criteria benefit/cost

ratio


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Project Consortium

CLIENT

Share-holdersagree-ment

Subsupplier agreements

Serviceagreement

Lease

agreement/

payment of

rent

Agreement on purchase

option

Financer

Contractor

Sub-contractors

Share-holders

Suppliers

Construction

procurement

LIFETIME RESPONSIBILITY PROCUREMENT


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Lifetime Responsibility Procurement (Lifetime Contracting) [Dr. Hywel Davies, Review of Standards and associated literature on technology and lifetime economy]

• Innovations in public sector:– Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and – Public Private Partnership (PPP).

• PFI/PPP are efficient and effective ways of delivering services to the public sector– the responsible contractor has real interest in optimised

lifetime costs and – the client defines the requirements and criteria for lifetime

quality– is applied both in building and civil engineering sector– usual contract time period 20 - 25 years– Variations of Lifetime Contract process:

• “Design, Build and Operate” (DBO), • “Design, Build, Finance and Operate” (DBFO), • “Build, Own, Operate, Transfer” (BOOT)


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Predictive and optimising Facility ManagementRELIABILITY BASED

METHODOLOGY System structure Generic Reliability Generic Methodology

GENERIC TECHNICAL HANDBOOK:

"LIFECON LMS" Framework Process

CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL:

"LIFECON CAP"

PLANNING OF MR&R PROJECTS

LCC and LCE Selections between methods and materials Decision making support

METHODS FOR OPTIMISATION AND DECISION MAKING

Markovian Chain Method Quality Function Deployment Method QFD Risk Analysis Multiple Attribute Decision Making Aid

DEGRADATION MODELS Duracrete RILEM TC 130CSL

EUROPEAN VALIDATION Case Studies

IT- PROTO-TYPE


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End-of Life Management[Prof. Dr. Frank Schultmann, End-of-Life Management of Buildings, Chair for Construction Management and

Economics, University of Siegen ]

results

Material Flow Management

optimisation-

algorithm

constraints

objective function

Scheduling and Optimisation

dismantling-

planning

recycling-

planning

results

dismantling order

resource requirements

recycling options

data-bases

...

...

bill of materialscomposition ofconstruction materialsquantity of harmfulmaterials

...

recycling techniquesquality of recyclingproducts

ressources > human resources > machinery > space on construction site ...durationcostsrecycling paths...

...

capacity of ressources

project makespan

audit of

buildings

costs for dismantling and recycling

resource profiles

start and finish times for dismantlingactivitiesdismantling techniques

durations

material flows

generation of

differentscenarios/modes

data and information flowsys_CIB_uk.ds4

environmentalassessment

recycling quotas

resource allocation


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Working environment of Lifetime Engineering

Integrated Life-Cycle Design(ILCD)

Integrated Life-Cycle Design(ILCD)

Ownership, Planning and Management of InvestmentsOwnership, Planning and Management of Investments

Life TimeManagementsystems (LMS)

Life TimeManagementsystems (LMS)

Integration ofDesign andManagementProcesses

Integration ofDesign andManagementProcesses

Data for Lifetime Design andManagement

Data for Lifetime Design andManagement

Norms, Standards andGuidelines for Lifetime

Design, Management andMaintenance Planning

Norms, Standards andGuidelines for Lifetime

Design, Management andMaintenance Planning

Practices ofDesign andManagement ofBuildings andInfrastructures

Practices ofDesign andManagement ofBuildings andInfrastructures

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17th April, 2005Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime" Lyon 2005 1 Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja Technical Research...

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