Society for Underwater Technology – Seminar: EOR, CO2 Capture and Geological Storage

19 May 05, London

The Sleipner Experience

Dr.Ing. Tore A Torp, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim

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CO2 Storage Case Studies and Site selectionby T.A.Torp, Statoil

CONTENT:

•Vision – Need two legs!

•Existing Experience

•Industrial use

•Cost and Capacity

•Site selection Cases

•Inter-continental Coop

•Way forward?

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4

Tidal power in operation near Hammerfest

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Need two legs to walk !

Reduce capture COST:

•Technologies exists

•Another chemical factory

•Extra investment and

energy consumption

•Costs too high for industry

NEED NEW TECHNOLOGY

Build TRUST in storage:

•Is it staying there long enough?

•Experience and large scale demo

•Experience from EOR and storage

•Oil&gas methods and tools works

•Geology varies from site to site

MORE DEMO SITES

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Experience with CO2 and gases injection

•CO2-EOR –

since decades in Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Croatia, Brazil,…

•Natural gas storage –

600 sites, some 60 years, handful of early leaks, <0.013%

•Natural Gas Re-injection –

Norway annually exports 75 and re-injects 50 BSm3

•Oil & Gas industry –

quantitative tools for underground monitoring

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The Sleipner field – CO2 Treatment and Injection

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CO2 Storage – Ongoing or near future

Ongoing or decided

•Sleipner, NO, 1 Mt/y, 1996-

•Weyburn, CA, 1.2 Mt/y, 2000-

•Frio Brine, US, 104 t/y, 2004

•K12B, NL, 104 t/y, 2004

•In Salah, AL, 1 Mt/y, 2004-

•Snohvit, NO, 0.7 Mt/y, 2006-

Near future ?

•Ketzin, DE, 104 t/y, 2005

•Atzbach, AT, 104 t/y, 2005

•Casablanca, ES, 106 t/y, 2006

•Gorgon, AU, 1 Mt/y, 2008

•+?

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WEYBURN CO2–EOR PIPELINE FROM USA TO CANADA

Regina

Estevan

Bismarck

WeyburnWeyburn

BeulahBeulah

North DakotaMontana

Manitoba

Saskatchewan CanadaCanada

USAUSA

EdmontonEdmonton

CalgaryCalgarySaskatoonSaskatoon

ReginaRegina

AlbertaAlberta SaskatchewanSaskatchewan

Source: Weyburn CO2 Project

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Snøhvit – All subsea

160 kmDepth: 330 m

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CO2 Storage Costs as experienced at Sleipner

Site characterisation (pre-injection):• Seismic 3D survey and interpretation: 0.4• Coring “Utsira” sand and well logs: 0.9• Coring cap rock shales: 0.5• Reservoir simulations, etc: 0.1

Total 1.9

Numbers in MUSD 1996

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CAPASITY

The injectant:

•CO2 as “liquid” (> 800 m depth or >80 bar)

The site:

•Size of structure

•Porosity

•Permeability

•Reservoir minerals and fluids

The long term:

•Cap rock structure

•Cap rock minerals (and fluids?)

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CO2 STORING MECHANISMS

Type of trapping Time to stability

•Micropores (”Residual fluid”) years

•Structure 10 years

•Dissolution 102 years

•Geochemical 103 years

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The Utsira Formation

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CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"

Sleipner A

Sleipner T

Utsir aFor mation

Heimdal Formation

Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection W ells

CO 2

CO 2 Injection W ell1000m

2000m

2500m

0

500m

1500m

1000m0 500m 1500m

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SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT

BGSBRGMGEUS

IFPNITG-TNO

SINTEF

StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalFinaElfNorsk HydroVattenfall

IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger Research

NO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities

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3D Seismic surveys at Sleipner

1996 1999 2001

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Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001

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SACS Project 1998-2002

WHAT WE DID ACHIEVE:

• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years

DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.

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CO2STORE/Scwarze Pumpe:

challenges:

• reservoir-geological characterisation

• predictive geochemical modelling

• long term fate prediction (3D modelling and flow simulations)

• risk assessment

Wdhn 1/65SP N

Res

ervo

irC

ap R

ock

• on-land storage site „Schweinrich“• saline aquifer storage in anticlinal structure• storage volume about 1000 Megatons CO2

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3D geological modellingFlow simulations → lateral spread of dissolved CO2

CO2STORE:Long term fate prediction…?

Expected final tomb of CO2

Planned injection point

Depth [m]

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Atzbach-Schwanenstadt

Source: Rohoel AG

www.rohoel.at

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noon sessionOctober 20040-20

20-40

40-60

60-80

80-100

>100

SurfaceCO2 fluxes[g/day/m2]

(RAG, with courtesy)

Hans-Martin Schulz (2005) Source: RAG/BGR

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Towards Large Scale Implementation? T

R

U

S

T

Storage

Capture

C

O

ST

OK!Transport - Pipeline - Ship

SACSCASTOR-S

CO2STORE

CO2SINK

CO2ReMoVe ?

Dynamis ?ENCAP

CASTOR-C Hypogen Coal?

Hypogen Gas?

CO2NET

GESTCO

2005

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Inter-Continental co-operation:

•IEA GHG - IEA GreenHouse Gas R&D Programme

•IPCC – Special Report on CO2 Capture & Storage

•CSLF – Carbon Sequestration* Leadership Forum

•Bilateral co-op – Several (EU-US, NO-US, NO-CAN,…)

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WAY FORWARD?

BUILD TRUST

•More geological settings

•Publish work and results

•Inform regulators, policymakers and public

•Inter-continental cooperation

LEGAL CLARIFICATION

•Mining and/or Petroleum laws adaptation

•OSPAR & LONDON Conventions

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Acknowledgements to:

•Franz May, BGR

•Partners in SACS, GESTCO, NASCENT, CO2STORE, NGCAS, CASTOR,

CO2SINK, CO2NET, CO2GEONET and CO2REMOVE?

E-Addresses:

• www.iku.sintef.no/projects/IK23430000/

• www.geus.dk/program-areas/energy/denmark/co2/gestco-dk.htm

• www.co2store.org

• www.co2castor.com

• www.co2sink.org

• www.co2net.com

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Vision