7/31/2019 Anatomy of Female Genital Tract by Sidra Iftikhar

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By: Sidra IftikharRoll # 08

Anatomy of the Female

Genital Tract & Pelvic Floor

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Overview

Internal genital organsUterus

Uterine tubes Ovaries

Vagina Placenta

External Genital organs

Blood supply

Lymphatic drainage

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Female Genital Organs

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Internal Genital Organs

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Pelvic Viscera

Pelvic organs include: Bladder

Uterus

Adnexae

Rectum

Also have the sigmoid colon, cecum, and ileum arecomponents of the pelvic anatomy

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Uterus

7-8 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, 2-3 cm thick

projects superior-anteriorly over urinary bladder

two major parts

body (superior 2/3s) & fundus cervix (inferior 1/3) has internal os, external os, anterior lip, &

posterior lip

lined with columnar, mucus-secreting epithelium

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Wall of uterus consists of 3 layers:

Perimetrium/serosa - outer serous coat, peritoneum supported bythin layer of connective tissue

myometrium - 12-15 mm smooth muscle, main branches of bloodvessels and nerves of uterus are in this layer

endometrium - inner mucous coat

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8/335/25/12Menstrual change in endometrium

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Uterine Tubes

10-12 cm long, 1 cm diameter

Extend laterally from cornua of uterus

Consists of 4 parts

Infundibulum or fimbrial enddistal end, abdominal ostium, about 2 mm in diameter20-30 fimbriae

Ampullary partwidest and longest part, over 1/2 its length

fertilization occurs heremost common site for ectopic

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Uterine Tubes

isthmus short 2.5 cm, narrow, thick-walled part of tube that enters the

uterine cornu

Uterine/intramural part short segment that passes through thick myometrium of uterus

uterine ostium (smaller than abdominal ostium)

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Ovaries

oval, almond-shaped, 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 1 cmthick

ligaments superior (tubal) end of ovary is connected to lateral wall of

pelvis by suspensory ligament of the ovary. It contains ovarianvessels and nerves

ligament of ovary - connects inferior (uterine) end of ovary tolateral angle of uterus

surface of ovary is not covered by peritoneum oocyte expelled into peritoneal cavity

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Cervix

Forms inferior part of uterus

Shape: short, broad cylinder; narrow central channel

Two ends: internal os, external os

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Vagina

Four fornices

sphincters of vaginapubovaginalis muscle

urogenital diaphragm

bulbospongiosus muscle

lymphatic drainage superior part into internal and external iliac lymph nodes

middle part into the internal iliac lymph nodes

vestibule into superficial inguinal lymph nodes

S ifi d k i i i

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Stratified squamous non-keratinizingepithelium (E) covering the ectocervix and

vagina

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ame

nts

Round ligaments

Infundibulo-ligament

Utero-ovarian ligament

Broad ligamentCardinal ligament

Uterosacral ligaments

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Placenta

primary site of nutrient and gas exchange between themother and

two components: fetal part that develops from the chorionic sac

maternal part that is derived from the endometrium

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External Genital Organs

mons pubislabia majora

labia minora

prepuce (clitoral hood) frenulum of the labia minora = fourchette

vestibule of the vagina external urethral orifice

paraurethral glands (Skenes glands)Bartholin's gland

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External Genital Organs

vaginal orifice hymen

greater vestibular glands Bartholins glands [bulbourethral glands]

arterial supply two external pudendal arteries

one internal pudendal artery

venous drainage: internal pudendal veins

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Blood Supply

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Lymph Drainage

The external genitalia, anus, and anal canal drain tothe superficial inguinal nodes

The lower one third of the vagina drains to the sacralnodes and the internal and common iliac nodes

The cervix drains to the external or internal iliac andsacral nodes

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Lymph Drainage

The lower uterus drains to the external iliac nodesThe upper uterus drains into the ovarian lymphatics

to the lumbar nodes. The lymphatics of the ovariesdrain out of the pelvis to the lumbar nodes

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Pelvic Floor

Pelvic diaphragm Lecator ani and coccygeus from both sides

Perineal membrane

Perforated by urogenital hiatus

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