Back Matter

Back MatterSource: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Jun., 1970)Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173271 .

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The Journal of

SOCIAL ? spssi

AUTUMN 1969 VOL. XXV NO. 4

Selected Papers Issue Editor: J. Diedrick Snoek

Introduction . . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Diedrick Snoek

SPSSI Presidential Address: 1969 Organizational and Conceptual Barriers to Social Change ..... . Martin Deutsch

Kurt Lewin Memorial Address: 1969 The Kurt Lewin Memorial Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jerome D. Frank

Three Not-So-Obvious Contributions of Psychology to Peace ..... . Ralph K. White

Attitudes versus Actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . Allan W. Wicker

Cognitive Aspects of Prejudiced.. c ...... . . . . . .. . . . . Henri Tajfel

History as a Nomothetic Science: Some Generalizations from Theories and Research in Developmental Psychology ...... . . . . Klaus F. Riegel

Alienation-Black and White, or the Uncommitted Revisited . ....... . Gerald H. Block

Socialization Correlates of Student Activism. . . . . . . . . Jeanne H. Block, Norma Haan, and M. Brewster Smith

Biographical Sketches

Abstracts

The Activists' Corner ............. . Nevitt Sanford and David Krech

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: Up

? MODELSKI, GEORGE. The world's foreign ministers: a political elite. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XIV, 2 (June 1970), 135-75.

This is an empirical study of the backgrounds, current experiences, and values of persons holding the role of foreign minister in their respective nations in 1965, with historical corm -

X parisons of some aspects. Data are included from a mailed questionnaire with a response of Ad over 15 percent. Findings on educational experience, foreign travel, personal acquaintance with counterparts in other countries, and other attributes are tabulated and discussed. a

* Taking Morgenthau's suggestions about a "world elite" as a point of departure, the study u involves implications about the cohesiveness of such an elite and the perceptible changes I

* that have occurred within it since the nineteenth century. The decline of "aristocracy" as a criterion, the participation of new and relatively small powers in world affairs, and the - technological facilitation of face-to-face contact among foreign ministers in the twentieth

* century (especially since World War II) are discussed as factors in present-day international I relations. I I

SHUBIK, MARTIN. Game theory, behavior, and the paradox of the Prisoner's Dilemma: three solutions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XIV, 2 (June 1970), 181-93.

E The deceptive simplicity of the Prisoner's Dilemma game may tempt researchers to make unwarranted analogies between it and more complex human interactions. The classic Dilem- ma is examined jointly from the viewpoints of game theory and human sense: can we match P theory, experimental results, and our casual observations of human affairs? The author discusses three proposed solutions of the PD game: Howard's meta-games, the game of in- finite length (Aumann), and his own modification for games of social or economic survival. The importance of communication (or lack of it) between players, added to the ambiguity of language, greatly complicates the whole problem. In particular the lack of a refined " 'theory of threats" makes game-theoretic analysis of the PD situation inadequate. The

* iterated PD game and its various solutions serve as an extremely useful starting point to understand both the power and the limitations of game theory.

-- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - -- ------------------------__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,

" CONRATH, DAVID W. Experience as a factor in experimental gaming behavior. Journal of | Conflict Resolution, XIV, 2 (June 1970), 195-202.

This paper investigates the effect of previous experimental game exposure on the behavior of subjects in a complex game of conflict. Subjects participated in a complex game environ-

j ment with a distinct lapse between each pair of games played. This was to determine the effect that a detached view of the game would have on choice behavior. Fifty-eight dyads were run, 33 using naive subjects and 25 using subjects who participated at least once as naive subjects. Seventeen of the naive dyads ended in the elimination of one party. The

j remaining sixteen were classified as cooperative. Only two of the experienced dyads ended in the annihilation of one party. Twenty-three exhibited cooperative behavior almost from the beginning of the interaction. In addition, the profiles of individual subject behavior were followed over time. In only two instances did a subject exhibit more aggressive behavior on a

trial after his naive experience. Sixteen subjects were distinctly less aggressive in later trials out of the 26 persons who participated as experienced players.X

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TERHUNE, KENNETH W. From national character to national behavior: a reformulation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, XIV, 2 (June 1970), 203-63.

National character is rarely considered in theories of international behavior. This monograph takes a new look at the subject to see if, despite the various objections, it may still be useful for understanding and predicting national behavior. Topics reviewed include the 0 background of national character study; concepts of national character; its measurement; i e

E and an evaluation of the construct. Core personality, social personality, and "mentality in ( national products" are discussed as components. A central problem in reformulating the

* concept of national character is to take proper account of cross-national homogeneity (i.e., not every nation may have a unique character) and of intranational heterogeneity (i.e., the ' masses and elites of a given nation may display different character "profiles"). Examples from the existing literature are provided throughout. In the second half of the monograph a : ) reformulation is suggested and applied to additional problems (e.g., change and stability) to sharpen its usefulness in the partial prediction of national behavior. The concluding section deals with problems amenable to further research.

a U

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JACKSON, H. MERRILL. Social progress and mental health. Journal of Conflict Resolu - tion, XIV, 2 (June 1970), 265-75.

jThis paper, originally addressed to a meeting of mental health experts, discusses the role of intergroup conflict in the general process that may be called social progress." The terms

development and help often come to mind when one thinks of social progress; it is suggested that these component notions need alteration or redefinition. Suppose that the goals of social

I progress are reformulated as follows: () the increasing autonomy of increasingly interdepen- dent sociocultural units; (2) the increasing attainment of one's cultural values; and (3) the increasing attainment of certain "universal" cultural values (whose universality is widely

| recognized but whose definition is not yet clear). Under such a reformulation, the paper sug- X gests, the nature of intergroup conflict-particularly between more powerful and less power- l

ful groups-would tend to change and would quite possibly be less destructive. This would require changing certain hierarchical social relationships of manipulation and control,

: even though many of the controllers may depend on these relationships for their identity as j well as their material security. Intensive dialogue and confrontation are available to pro- :

fessionals and others as modes of conducting useful social conflict.5

I I

RAPOPORT, ANATOL. Can peace research be applied? Journal of Conflict Resolution, ? tionXIV, 2 (June 1970), 277-86.

I U

hInstitutionalized science has come into being in industrial societies where t progress" is identified with increasing manipulative control over the environment. Traditionally the applied science involved in this institutionalization has included industrial, military, and medical technology. The success of these technologies seems to have encouraged the addition of a fourth area: the "behavioral sciences." However, for applied science, the distinc-ia tion between understanding and control is crucial; and even if "6the answer" to a human | problem is known, the problem will remain unsolved unless institutions are created through

* which the solution can be implemented. The author argues that all applied science implies alln institutional structure; therefore, in hopes for the application of peace research, the first question is what institutions are available for it or can reasonably be expected to be created.

| Only a very limited technology of "arms control" can be implemented at present. Other | aspects of peace research can only-at best-be fed into public information. An extended u analogy between peace research and criminology is used to urge a fusion of knowledge- a seeking and social action at the present juncture. o

I_-__Wo Ia n_____________



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Technical Policies Related to Publication Articles are published in the order of their sub-

mission insofar as this is consonant with other editorial considerations. If an author wishes to pay for earlier publication, a fee of $40.00 per Journal page will be charged. In this case extra pages are added to the issue, and the appearance of articles by nonpaying authors is not in any way delayed by paid publications. Criteria for acceptance and editorial processing are the same in both cases.

A total of 75 reprints of each article are bound up from the original press run and are automatical- ly sent to the senior author (to be shared with co- authors if any). No additional reprints are obtain- able from this office.

Authors may be charged for any alterations made by them in galley or page proofs. Original art work will not be returned unless the author specifically requests it within three months after the issue has appeared.



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