Back Matter

Back MatterSource: Isis, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 134-138Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/232852 .

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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Bernard Barber is on the Barnard College and Graduate faculties at Columbia University. His Science and the Social Order (1952) was the first systematic and comprehensive treatise on the sociology of science.

Armand Beaulieu is head of the Documentation Branch relative to Human Sciences and the His- tory of Sciences of the Centre Nationale de Re- cherche Scientifique. He has been editing the correspondence of Mersenne, reviewed in this issue of Isis. Volume XVI is near completion.

Richard J. Blackwell is Professor of Philosophy at Saint Louis University. The author of Dis- covery in the Physical Sciences (1969) and A Bibliography of the Philosophy of Science, 1945-1981 (1983), he is completing a translation of Christian Huygens's Horologium oscillato- rium.

Bonnie Ellen Blustein is Visiting Assistant Pro- fessor of History at Northwestern University. She is working on the history of neuroscience in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has published articles on the history of neurology and psychiatry.

J. David Bolter, Assistant Professor in the De- partment of Classics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds degrees in classics and computer science. His Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age was published in 1984, and he has an article on artificial intelligence forthcoming in Daedalus.

Peter J. Bowler lectures in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science, The Queen's University of Belfast. He has recently published The Eclipse of Darwinism: Anti-Darwinian Eivo- lution Theories in the Decades around 1900 (Hopkins, 1983) and Evolution: The History of an Idea (California, 1984). He is working on theories of human evolution in the post-Darwinian period.

Gert H. Brieger is William H. Welch Professor and Director of the Institute of the History of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University.

Laurie M. Brown, Professor of Physics and As- tronomy at Northwestern University, has published articles on the history of elementary particle and nuclear physics in the 1930s. He is the coeditor of The Birth of Particle Physics (1983), reviewed in this issue of Isis.

Peter W. Castle is Associate Professor of Psy- chology at Simmons College in Boston. He has a long-standing interest in psychoanalysis and dream psychology and is working on the role of Freud as a scientific investigator in the Dora case.

Paul Ceruzzi is Associate Curator at the Na- tional Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., and, since 1983, a Research Associate of the Computer Museum of Boston. He is the author of Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer, 1935-1945 (Greenwood, 1983).

William Coleman teaches history of science and medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Mad- ison. He is studying the interaction of epide- miology, bacteriology, and society in Imperial Germany and completing a book on the development of epidemiological method in the 1860s.

Audrey B. Davis, Curator of Medical Sciences at the Smithsonian Institution, is studying the contributions of women to American medicine, especially the Visiting Nurse Associations. Her latest book, Medicine and Its Technology (Greenwood Press, 1982) was chosen Out- standing Academic Book by Choice in 1983.

Thatcher E. Deane is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of Washington. He is working on a dissertation concerning the Chinese Astronomical Bureau in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Steven J. Dick, an astronomer and historian of science at the U.S. Naval Observatory, is the author of Plurality of Worlds (1982) and the coeditor of Proceedings of the 150th Anniver- sary Symposia of the U.S. Naval Observatory (1983). He is now working on the history of the twentieth-century extraterrestrial life debate and on the history of the Naval Observatory.

Alistair Duncan teaches at Loughborough Uni- versity, England. Primarily a historian of eighteenth-century chemistry, he has recently worked on translations of Copernicus and Kep- ler.

William Eamon is Associate Professor and Acting Head of the History Department at New Mexico State University. His study of the ad- vent of printing and the books of secrets tradition recently appeared in History of Science.

134



NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS-ISIS, 76: 1 : 281 (1985)

Bruce Eastwood teaches history of science and intellectual history at the University of Ken- tucky. His current researches deal with cos- mology from late antiquity to the Renaissance, medieval schemata and scientific illustrations, and descriptive astronomy in the Middle Ages.

Yehuda Elkana is Director of the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University. His present work, "Intellectual History of Europe 1500-1900: The Culture of Science," deals with socially deter- mined images of knowledge as factors of change.

A. J. Engel is an Associate Professor of History at Virginia Commonwealth University in Rich- mond, Virginia. He is the author of From Cler- gyman to Don: The Rise of the Academic Profession in Nineteenth-Century Oxford (Ox- ford, 1983).

Carol Faul teaches paleontology and the history of geology at the University of Pennsylvania. With Henry Faul, she wrote It Began with a Stone: A History of Geology from the Stone Age to the Age of Plate Tectonics (Wiley, 1983).

Thomas F. Gieryn is Assistant Professor of So- ciology at Indiana University. His current research examines the history of social science at the National Science Foundation.

Charles C. Gillispie is Professor of the History of Science at Princeton University. He also serves from time to time as Directeur d'Etudes Associ6 in the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sci- ences Sociales in Paris.

Bernard R. Goldstein is Professor of Religious Studies and History of Science at the University of Pittsburgh. His publications include Al- Bitruji: On the Principles of Astronomy (1971), The Astronomical Tables of Levi ben Gerson (1974), and an edition of Levi ben Gerson's As- tronomy (forthcoming).

Judith V. Grabiner, Visiting Professor of Math- ematics at Pomona College, is the author of The Origins of Cauchy's Rigorous Calculus. She is working on the history of debates about artificial intelligence.

Anita Guerrini, a Mellon Fellow at the Amer- ican Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, is working on early American natural history and on scientific circles in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

A. Rupert Hall is historical advisor to the Well- come Trust and Emeritus Professor of the His- tory of Science and Technology, University of London. He has recently published A Brief His- tory of Imperial College and The Revolution in Science, 1500-1750.

Margaret C. Jacob, Associate Professor of His- tory at Baruch College and the Graduate School, CUNY, is completing a book on the integration of science into Western culture (Knopf, forthcoming).

Daniel P. Jones teaches the history of science, medicine, public health, and dentistry in the Hu- manistic Studies Program at the University of Il- linois at Chicago. His most recent research has been on the history of dental education in America.

Greta Jones, Senior Lecturer in History at the Ulster Polytechnic, Northern Ireland, is the author of Social Darwinism and English Thought (1980) and a number of articles on science and society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Edward J. Kealey, Professor of History at the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massa- chusetts, is completing a monograph entitled Windmill Pioneers in Twelfth Century England. His major publications include Medieval Medi- cus: A Social History of Anglo-Norman Med- icine (Hopkins, 1981).

George Kish, William Herbert Hobbs Professor of Geography at the University of Michigan, is a student of the history of geography and car- tography. His most recent work is La carte: Image des civilisations (Paris, 1980).

David Knight teaches at the University of Durham and is editor of the British Journal for the History of Science. His writings on the atomic theory include Atoms and Elements (London, 1967), and The Transcendental Part of Chemistry (Folkestone, 1978).

Sally Gregory Kohlstedt teaches history at Syr- acuse University. She has published three articles relating to natural history in nineteenth-century Australia as a result of a recent Fulbright fellowship. Her current work deals with natural history museums in nineteenth-century America.

W. R. Laird is an Andrew W. Mellon Postdoc- toral Fellow in Medieval Studies at Rice Uni- versity, where he is continuing his study of late medieval mechanics and the science of motion.

Lyndall Landauer teaches history at Los An- geles City College and has published works on cetology, oceanography, and biology in the nineteenth century. His biography of Charles M. Scammon, a nineteenth-century whaler-scientist, is soon to be published.

John Lankford teaches history at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He is analyzing the scientific careers of over four hundred women as part of a collective biography of the American

135




astronomical community, 1859-1940. He has published a chapter in The General History of Astronomy, Volume IVA, on the impact of pho- tography on astronomy.

Susan Eyrich Lederer is a doctoral candidate in the Department of the History of Science, Uni- versity of Wisconsin-Madison. Her dissertation examines the controversy over human and animal experimentation in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America.

Steven J. Livesey is Assistant Professor of the History of Science at the University of Okla- homa. His current research focuses on interdisciplinary methods in medieval and early modern science; an article on Ockham and the subalter- nate sciences is forthcoming in British Journal for the History of Science.

John P. Losee is Professor of Philosophy at La- fayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. His published works include A Historical Introduc- tion to the Philosophy of Science (Oxford, 1980), and his current interests include the interrela- tionship of philosophy of science and history of science.

Linda L. Lubrano is a professor at the School of International Service, The American Univer- sity, Washington, D.C. She is the author of So- viet Sociology of Science and coauthor of The Social Context of Soviet Science. She is writing a book on the social, political, and cultural char- acteristics of contemporary science in the U.S.S.R.

John J. Lyon, author, with Phillip Sloan, of From Natural History to the History of Nature (1981) and translator of Etienne Gilson's From Aristotle to Darwin and Back Again (1984), is working on a translation of a French work on linguistics.

Richard McKim, Assistant Professor of Clas- sics at the University of Texas at Austin, has published works on Plato, atomism, skepticism, Ovid, and Juvenal.

Robert Michaelson is Head Librarian of the Seeley G. Mudd Library for Science and Engi- neering, Northwestern University.

David Philip Miller is Lecturer in History and Philosophy of Science and administrator of the Master of Science and Society Program at the University of New South Wales. He has published papers on the social history of British science and pursues a keen interest in the sociology of scientific knowledge.

Mary Jo Nye is Associate Professor of the His- tory of Science at the University of Oklahoma. She is the editor of The Question of the Atom: From the Karlsruhe Congress to the First

Solvay Conference, 1860-1911, reviewed in this issue of Isis.

H. W. Paul teaches European history, including the possiblity of synthetical judgments a priori, at the University of Florida. His book, From Knowledge to Power: The Rise of the Science Empire in France, 1860-1939, will appear in 1985.

F. Jamil Ragep has a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities for 1984-1985 to complete an edition, translation, and commen- tary of the thirteenth-century Arabic astronomical work al-Tadhkira by Nasir al-Din al-Tisi.

A. Rahman is Director of the National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi. The author of numerous articles and books, his major work has been the compilation of a list of ten thousand manuscripts on science and technology of India from the twelfth century to the eighteenth in Sanskrit, Ar- abic, and Persian.

G. S. Rousseau is Professor of Eighteenth-Cen- tury Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the author of numerous works dealing with science and medicine in their hu- manistic contexts. Recently he edited, with Roy Porter, The Ferment of Knowledge: Studies in the Historiography of Eighteenth-Century Sci- ence (Cambridge University Press).

Jody Rubin, Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Classics at the University of Pennsylvania, has published on ancient surgery and is currently working on the transmission of the pseudepigraphic legends about Hippocrates from Greek into Arabic.

Franz Samelson is Professor of Psychology at Kansas State University. His work in the history of twentieth-century American psychology has dealt with early intelligence testing, behav- iorism, and social psychology.

Emilie Savage-Smith is with the Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She has edited texts and written articles on Galenic anatomical teaching and Islamic divinatory prac- tices, and has recently completed a study of Is- lamic celestial globes.

John Scarborough is Professor of Ancient His- tory and the History of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky, Lexington. He is editor of and contributor to Byzantine Medicine, published late in 1984, and he is preparing a monograph on Greek, Roman, and Byzantine pharmacy.

Silvan S. Schweber teaches history of science and physics at Brandeis University.

136




Michael Segre is a post-doctoral fellow in Tel Aviv and Pisa, working on the science policy of the Medicis and on the empiricism of the Gali- lean school.

Daniel M. Siegel is Associate Professor of the History of Science at the University of Wis- consin. His research and teaching center on nineteenth- and twentieth-century physics, with a current emphasis on James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory.

Michael M. Sokal has written extensively on the history of psychology and the history of Amer- ican science. His most recent publications include the introduction to Psychology: Briefer Course (1892) in The Works of William James (Harvard University Press) and an article on gestalt psychologists in the American Historical Review.

Roger H. Stuewer, Professor of the History of Science and Technology at the University of Minnesota, is the author of The Compton Effect: Turning Point in Physics (1975). His current area of research is the history of nuclear physics prior to 1941.

Kenneth L. Taylor is Associate Professor of History of Science and department chairman at the University of Oklahoma.

Thaddeus J. Trenn's most recent book is Amer- ica's Golden Bough: The Science Advisory Intertwist (Cambridge, Mass.: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain, 1983).

Frank M. Turner is Professor of History at Yale University. He has written Between Sci- ence and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (1974) and The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain. At present he is working on a general history of nineteenth-century British intellectual life.

H. A. Waldron is Consultant Physician at the University of London's Institute of Occupa- tional Health and at University College Hospital and the editor of the British Journal of Indus- trial Medicine. He is the author of many papers on lead poisoning and solvent poisoning and has a keen interest in the history of medicine.

Deborah Jean Warner serves as Curator, His- tory of Physical Sciences, in the National Mu- seum of American History, and has written on the history of various scientific instruments and their makers.

Richard S. Westfall, a student of seventeenth- century science, is working on a social history of the seventeenth-century scientific community and on the role of patronage in the support of science during that period.

M. Norton Wise teaches history of physics at the University of California, Los Angeles. His areas of expertise include British electromagnetic theory, German concepts of force and energy, and the sociocultural roots of indetermi- nacy in modern science. He is completing, with Crosbie Smith, a scientific biography of Lord Kelvin.

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Thomas A. Edison is America's best-known and most prolific inventor. As an entre- preneur and industrialist whose practical application of scientific principles helped him develop many of the technologies that shaped the modern world, Edison is rec- ognized as one of the true geniuses of modern times. His name is almost synonymous with technological creativity and business innovation. Edison's work laid the foundation for the age of electricity, recorded sound, and motion pictures. In addition, he utilized team research and development with such great success at his Menlo Park and West Orange laboratories that he helped to introduce the era of modern industrial research.

Edison's many accomplishments are documented in approximately three and a half million pages of laboratory notebooks, correspondence, and related papers that have survived the more than fifty years since his death. Access to these papers will be a boon to many areas of study: first and foremost to the history of technology, science, and business, but also to social and labor history, the history of popular culture, film history, and legal history. Because of the massive quantity of material, its dispersal all over the world, and its limited accessibility, these resources have been neglected. Now, through the Thomas A. Edison Papers project, the papers of Edison and his associates are being published for the first time.

A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION In preparing the microfilm edition of the Thomas A. Edison Papers, the professional staff of the Edison Papers project has already worked more than five years arranging and selecting materials. Another fifteen years remain on the project's twenty-year timetable. During this time, approximately three hundred reels of microfilm will be published, making available the most important 10 percent of the Edison material from the archives of the Edison National Historic Site and from other repositories in the United States and throughout the world. Not only is the quantity of the material vast, but the quality is rich. The thousands of laboratory notebooks, teeming with rough sketches and drawings, illuminate the thinking of Edison and his associates and are perhaps comparable only to the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. While Edison was not an artist, he was at least the technical equal of the great Renaissance inventor, sculptor, and painter. These verbal and visual documents-many of which have been stored in archival vaults and rarely seen since Edison's death-present our generation with the opportunity to explore the creative path followed by this great technical mind.

EDISON, TECHNOLOGY, AND INVENTION No one has ever rivaled Edison's lifetime record of 1,093 U.S. patents. In a single year, 1882, he applied for 107 patents-an incredible rate of one patent application every 3.4 days. Edison's papers thoroughly document how both his inventions and his method of invention revolutionized the technology of his era. The publication of his papers is a landmark event in the study of the history of technology.

Edison's early career as a telegraph operator led him to focus his initial inventive work on telegraphy. Before he was 28 he had invented in his workshop-laboratories in Newark a system of automatic telegraphy, an improved stock ticker, and the quadruplex, which enabled one wire to handle four messages simultaneously. Still not yet 30, Edison designed the electric pen, a precursor to the mimeograph. A year later, in 1876, he opened his Menlo Park laboratory. The unprecedented outpouring of invention from Menlo Park during the next half-dozen years made Edison among the most famous men in America.

The extensive laboratory records are an indispensable research tool for the study of the years at Newark, Menlo Park, and later at West Orange, New Jersey. We see the day-by-day, even hour-by-hour progress of Edison's and his associates' work on the carbon-button telephone transmitter, the phonograph, the incandescent light and power system, the "Edison Effect" (later related to the radio tube), the kinetoscope (helping to open the age of motion pictures), and the alkaline storage battery. We see inspiration in the hurriedly scribbled notes and sketches. We see careful planning in the exquisitely detailed drawings and in the exhaustive patent and caveat applications. We see not only Edison's precedent-setting process of invention, but also the preparation and execution of his plans for the manufacture, marketing, and popular- ization of his inventions. Edison signature used with permission of McGrawEdison Company.



EDISON AND SCIENCE Edison is such a giant figure in the development of modern technology and business that it may be easy to overlook his role in science. Throughout his notebooks, however, there is much to remind us of his interaction with the international scientific community of his time. His papers show Edison's keen interest in scientific discovery. Many notebook entries discuss the scientific bases of his inventions and comment on the theories of others. The entries are careful to note "phenomena" encountered in the course of work in the laboratory. There is information on Edison's involvement in such scientific controversies as "etheric force," which he proposed in 1875. There is also documentation on Edison's interaction-both friendships and debates-with prominent American and foreign scientists, and on his presentations before the Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science.

Although he had little formal schooling as a young boy, Edison was well read in the literature of science and technology of his time. Certainly his greatest creation, the prototype for the entire electric light and power industry, was a technological one. But this achievement and the revolution which it engendered-changing night into day, altering the face of cities and towns, and transforming industry-was based on the scientific principles that Edison and his colleagues employed in Menlo Park. Science provided the spark, Edison fanned the flames.

PART I (1850-1878) Part I of the Edison Papers covers Edison's major inventions in the field of telegraphy, his early chemical experiments, his development of the electric pen, his observation of "etheric force," his invention of the carbon-button transmitter (still one of the basic mechanisms of the telephone), his invention of the phonograph, and his initial work on the incandescent lamp. The microfilm edition of the Edison Papers provides the documentary foundation for any study of Edison's life and times. Through his notebooks, diaries, and letters, we can follow Edison from his roots in the Midwest to his inventive work on telegraphy in Boston in 1868; from Boston to New York in 1869, when he made his first contacts with the world of high finance; to Newark in 1870, where he established workshop-laboratories; and to Menlo Park in 1876, where during the next several years he developed many of his most important inventions.

The microfilm edition of the Edison Papers is an archival gold mine essential to understanding the electrification of America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is rich in materials for business and technical history as well as for the life of Edison himself. The plan of editorial production is both wise and sensible and promises to make this wonderful resource not only available but useable.

-Dr. Daniel J. Kevles Professor of History

California Institute of Technology Author of The Physicists

Ordering information:

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS. A Selective Microfilm Edition: Part I (1850-1878). 35mm microfilm (28 reels) with printed guide. Price: $1,650. ISBN 0-89093-700-1. Available now.

The printed guide: The 152-page guide provides an author/recipient index for correspondence and official records, as well as a chronological guide to the various series of laboratory notebooks. One copy of the guide will be sent free of charge with each order of the microfilm. In addition, the guide is for sale separately at a price of $25.00. Technical specifications: All microfilm is positive silver halide film on 35mm reels and conforms to all applicable ANSI, AIIM, and NHPRC standards. The reduction ratio is 14:1, except for over- sized documents. Each frame of film is assigned a frame number by which the printed guide is keyed to the film.

Standing orders: Libraries wishing to enter a standing order for all six parts may do so by in- dicating that their purchase order is a standing order.

Discounts: A discount of 5 percent is available for standing orders.

Publication of the Edison Papers is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution, the National Park Service, the New Jersey Historical Commission, and Rutgers University. The staff of the Edison Papers project includes Reese V. Jenkins, director and editor; Thomas E. Jeffrey, microfilm editor and associate editor; Leonard S. Reich, associate director and associate editor; Paul B. Israel and Susan Schultz, assistant editors; and others.

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Lavoisier and the

Chemistry of Ufe

AN EXPLORATION OF SCIENTIFIC CREATIVITY

Frederic Lawrence Holmes

Antoine Lavoisier, the author of the "chemical revolution," also did much to establish the foundations for the fields of organic chemistry and biochemistry. Here Frederic Lawrence Holmes gives us an intimate portrait of Lavoisier's investigations, ranging over twenty years, from 1773 to 1792, on respiration, fermentation, and plant and animal matter. These studies, Holmes finds, were not simply belated applications of Lavoisier's established chemical theories, but intimately bound from the beginning to his more widely known research on combustion and calcination.

Drawing on Lavoisier's daily laboratory records, unpublished notes, and successive drafts of articles, Holmes explores the interaction between this creative scientist's theories and practice, the ex- perimental problems he encountered and his response to them, the apparently intuitive understanding that guided his choice of experiments, and the gradual refinement of his hypotheses. This thorough and comprehensive exposition of Lavoisier's scientific style forms the basis of general reflections on the nature of creative scientific imagination that will interest historians of science and biology, philosophers of science, cognitive psychologists, and all who are intrigued by the drama of pioneering scientific discovery.

Frederic Lawrence Holmes is Professor of the History of Medicine at Yale University, Master of Jonathan Edwards College, and past president of the History of Science Society. His previous book Claude Bernard and Animal Chemistry (Harvard University Press, 1974), was the recipient of the Pfizer Prize of the History of Science Society, and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Associa- tion for the History of Medicine.

urtis ons Wii IV University of Wisconsin Press 114 N. Murray St., Madison, WI 53715



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THEORY AND OBSERVATION IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL ASTRONOMY Bernard R. Goldstein 348 pp., 15 illus., add. notes, index, cloth bound, ?32.00 ISBN 0 86078 163 1 24 studies published between 1964 and 1983 on the transmission of astronomical learning from Antiquity through the Middle Ages, in particular on the influence of the Ptolemaic tradition in the medieval Hebrew, Arabic and Latin worlds. One focus is on the development of that tradition in the light of further research and improvements in the instruments used.

MUSIC, SPIRIT AND LANGUAGE IN THE RENAISSANCE D.P. Walker edited by Penelope Gouk 352 pp., add. notes, bibliography, index, cloth bound, ?30.00 ISBN 0 86078 160 7 16 studies published between 1941 and 1984 on musical theory in the 16th and 17th centuries and its place in the Humanist revival of Orphic and Neoplatonic thought. They explore the belief in the powers of music and words and the relationship between the human soul, music and the astral body, with particular emphasis on the notion of spiritus and its medical connotations.

Forthcoming

The Great Devonian Controversy The Shaping of Scientific Knowledge d, ., t\"V 'k

among Gentlemanly Specialists L . n Martin J. S. Rudwick With a novelist's vivid detail, Rudwick /f

q

recreates the Great Devonian Controversy of / the 1830s and 1840s, a scientific debate about di _ T the dating of puzzling rock strata and fossils t. ,-'/ 1 in England. The result is the most thorough , , , description yet written of the way scientific i; '

: , i

communities formulate, debate, and resolve , t ,-_-'_--- their problems.

"I found this a stunning piece of work. It left me a far better geologist and perhaps a better scholar. . . . Any professional would benefit from the book."

-David M. Raup "A tour de force that will serve as a landmark in the history of science.

Other historians will have to come up to its standards or explain why they do not." - David L. Hull

Conceptual Foundations of Science series Cloth $39.95 (est.) 544 pages 26 line drawings, 10 maps, 52 halftones June

The University of CHICAGO Press [Ir~~~~~~~~ ~~~~5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637



Special Issue (AUTUMN 1984)

VICTORIAN SCIENCE AND CULTURE

Richard Yeo on Robert Chambers and Vestiges of the Natural Historv of Creation

Dorothy K. Stein on the working relations between Lady Ada Byron Lovelace and Charles Babbage

David B. Wilson on the religious thought of George Gabriel Stokes

Harvey W. Becher on the social origins of a Cambridge intellectual elite

Margaret Schabas on the "worldly philosophy" of William Stanley Jevons Helena M. Pycior on symbolical algebra and Lewis Carroll's Alices

David K. van Keuren on the museum ideology of Augustus Pitt-Rivers

Victorian Studies is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of British culture of the Victorian period, 1830-1914. Topics include comparative literature, social and political history, and the histories of education, philosophy, fine arts, economics, religion, law, and science. We also publish the annual Victorian Bibliography of the Modern Language Association.

ictorian

tudies

Single copies may be ordered for $6 from Victorian Studies, Ballantine Hall 338, Indiana

University, Bloomington, IN, USA 47405

I



The Life of Science from Chicago

Constructing Quarks A Sociological History of Particle Physics Andrew Pickering Pickering has written an account of the development of the field of particle physics that is accessible to anyone with a basic scientific education. His aim is not to explain technical matters per se but to show how knowledge is developed and transformed in the course of scientific practice. Cloth $30.00 480 pages Illus.

The Dark Abyss of Time The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico Paolo Rossi Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane This study by the noted historian of ideas, here translated from the Italian for the first time, describes the impact on European thought of the discoveries that challenged established biblical chronology. Rossi recounts the heated debates sparked by the idea of enormous antiquity, and his learned discussion revises virtually all current interpretations of Vico's thought. Cloth $35.00 352 pages

The Discovery of Insulin Michael Bliss "Bliss's excellent account of the insulin story is a rare dissection of the anatomy of scientific discovery, and serves as a model of how rigorous historical method can correct the myths and legends sometimes perpetrated in the scientific literature." - Nicholas Wade, The New Republic Paper $9.95 304 pages 36 b&w illustrations

Zoological Philosophy An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals J. B. Lamarck With introductory essays by David L. Hull and Richard W. Burckhardt, Jr. Today Lamarck is generally credited with having been the first major proponent of the idea of organic evolution, and his Zoological Philosophy, the major alternative to Darwin's theory, is one of the most important texts of nineteenth-century biological thought. Paper $15.00 524 pages

Cause, Experiment, and Science A Galilean Dialogue Incorporating a New English Translation of Galileo's "Bodies That Stay atop Water, or Move in It" Stillman Drake Drake's imaginative tour de force presents the first English translation since 1665 of Galileo's first book on physics. "A valuable contribution to the history of science by the world's foremost Galilean scholar." - Choice Paper $9.95 268 pages Illus.

The Scientist's Role in Society A Comparative Study With a new Introduction Joseph Ben-David In this concise yet wide-ranging study, Ben-David explains the institutional character of science today through a discussion of the conditions which have shaped the emergence and development of the social role of the scientist. Paper $8.95 224 pages

The University of CHICAGO Press 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 I



I University of Illinois Library

and

The Graduate School of Library and Information Science

have just published (Fall, 1984) DEDERICK C. WARD

and ALBERT V CAROZZI

GEOLOGY EMERGING A Catalog Illustrating the History of Geology (1500-1850)

from a Collection in the Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Robert B. Downs Publication Fund, No. 8

?Synopsis of the history of geology from 1500-1850. * Bibliographic entries for 2380 titles. * 106 full-page reproductions of title-pages of famous works. * Detailed subject-author-placename index.

565 p., 106 figures, 6x9", softbound, ISBN 0-87845-071-8

$35, prepaid in U.S. funds, postage included. (Illinois residents add 6% state tax.) Order from: Publications Office

Graduate School of Library and Information Science 249 Armory Building 505 E. Armory Street Champaign, IL 61820



Charles Darwin

1809-1882

P)ublished in the centennial year of Darwin's death, the book contains contributions

from leading international Darwin scholars.

The full extent of his influence on science and

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THIS SPECIAL PRESENTATION EDITION IS LIMITED TO ONLY 750 NUMBERED COPIES FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD. Half-bound in leather and buckram with raised bands, gold bl(kking and marbled endpapers. Size 310mm x 240mm (121/4" x 91/2"), 392 pages on 100( rag paper. Slip-cased with a strong mailing carton. For full details, specifications and price send for your FREE colour brochure.

For a limited period only, readers of ISIS may obtain copies of CHARLES DARWIN 1809-1882: A CENTENNIAL COMMEMORATIVE

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SPECIAL OFFER TO READERS OF ISIS... GENTLEMEN OF SCIENCE

Early Correspondence of the British Association for the Advancement of Science

edited by JACK MORRELL and ARNOLD THACKRAY

The reviewers acclaimed the analytical history in Gentlemen of Science: Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Oxford University Press, 1981; paperback edition, 1982) by Jack Morrell and Arnold Thackray. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences said of the authors that "their mastery of the sources is formidable, their narrative rich and compell- ing, and their arguments persuasive." Nature referred to "this absorbing and entertaining book."

The Royal Historical Society is therefore pleased to announce the publication of a companion volume of documentary history, devoted to Gentlemen of Science: Early Correspondence of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In preparing this volume, the editors have selected 293 letters from twenty-three collections, to provide a documentary record of great significance for the student of early Victorian science and culture. The letters are often long and always frank. They offer scenes of comedy and bathos. They give telling details about the personalities and politics of knowledge at exactly that time when the notion of a 'scientist' was created.

The gentlemen of science were also men of letters; and their correspondence is as highly read- able and entertaining as it is informative.

The Editors: Jack Morrell is Reader in History of Science at the University of Bradford; Arnold Thackray is Professor of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania.

Gentlemen of Science: Early Correspondence of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 382 pages, 216 x 138mm. Hardback.

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Princeton Data, Instruments,

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Understanding Science

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Colour Why the World Isn't Grey

Hazel Rossotti

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Why do pebbles look brighter when wet? Is there a "right" order in which to arrange a set of colored crayons? Why do some clothes change color when ironed? What are the colors you see when you press your eyes? To answer these and other questions, Hazel Rossotti uses scientific basis - matter, energy and eye structure - to discuss the colors of the natural world, the mechanism of color vision, and a range of color technology from cer- amics to television. P: $8.95. C: $32.50

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ISIS CUMULATIVE INDEX,1953-1982 The new Cumulative Index provides direct access to nearly 1,000 major articles and 4,000 authoritative book reviews from 30 years of Isis: An International Review Devoted to the History of Science and its Cultural Influences.

AUTHOR-SUBJECT INDEX Subject classifications and chronological divisions based on the widely used Isis Critical Bibliography lead to articles directly related to your interests.

Among topics available are Alchemy Medicine and medical sciences

Computer sciences and artificial intelligence Physics Historiography and historical method Women in science

BOOK REVIEW INDEX Complete author-title citations place at your fingertips authoritative evalua- tions of 4,000 books central to the history of science.

SPECIFICATIONS Uniform in format with Isis, cloth and paperback editions printed on acid-free paper, 206 pages. Each article indexed by author, subject, geographical locus, cultural focus, major individuals discussed, and institution covered. Each book indexed by author and title.

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FORTHCOMING IN ISIS iiiii, ii

THE JUNE ISSUE WILL INCLUDE

ARTICLES Peter Dear "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and Authority in the Early Royal Society" Robert E. Kohler "Innovation in Normal Science: Bacterial Physiology" Larry Owens "Laboratories, Gymnasia, and Playing Fields in Nineteenth-Century America"

CRITIQUES & CONTENTIONS Evan Melhado "Chemistry, Physics, and the Chemical Revolution"

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION The 1984 annual meeting of the History of Science Society, recent doctoral dissertations in the field, and a progress report on the fund drive

ESSAY REVIEWS A. George Molland on Daniel Boorstin's The Discoverers and John C. Burnham on John C. Greene's American Science in the Age of Jefferson

BOOK REVIEWS Sixty-five reviews of works on every aspect of the history of science and its cultural influences

SCHEDULED FOR EARLY PUBLICATION Elizabeth A. Williams on Anthropological Institutions in Nineteenth-Century France John Greenberg on the History of Mathematical Physics in Eighteenth-Century France J. E. McGuire and Martin Tamny on Newton's Astronomical Apprenticeship Robert Kargon and Elizabeth Hodes on the Politics of Science in the Great Depression Robert W. Rydell on Science at the 1933-1934 and 1939-1940 World's Fairs Paul Josephson on Soviet Historians and the Structure of Scientific Revolutions Stephen J. Cross and William R. Albury on Walter B. Cannon, L. J. Henderson, and Organic Analogy John Riddle on Ancient and Medieval Chemotherapy for Cancer



ISIS MARCH 1985 VOLUME 76 NUMBER 281

GUEST EDITORIAL

YEHUDA ELKANA: MICHAEL SEGRE: History of Science in Israel 7

ARTICLES

RICHARD S. WESTFALL: Scientific Patronage: Galileo and the Telescope 11

SUSAN EYRICH LEDERER: Hideyo Noguchi's Luetin Experiment and the Antivivisectionists 31

CRITIQUES & CONTENTIONS

WILLIAM COLEMAN: The Cognitive Basis of the Discipline: Claude Bernard on Physiology 49

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

A. RAHMAN: Science and Technology in Indian Culture 71

Eloge: CHARLES COULSTON GILLISPIE: Maurice Daumas, 1910-1984 72

ESSAY REVIEWS

A. RUPERT HALL on the Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne, religieux minime, edited by CORNELIS DE WAARD and ARMAND

BEAULIEU and JOHN LANKFORD on KATHARINE HARAMUNDANIS'S

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin 75

BOOK REVIEWS

Fifty-five reviews 84

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 134



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