What happened after WWI?

Discontent and Experimentation

Chapter 21

Great Britain

veterans came home to a struggling economy high debt trade suffering unemployment (25%) dole = aid for unemploymentdole = aid for unemployment England becomes more and more a welfare

state Labour party increases power in government

France

heavier loss of life & property than Great Britain

gained new territories = mineral deposits & industrial plants (From Germany) Alsace and Lorraine

politically unstable too many political parties, no one majority

suspicious of Germany protect border with Germany***

Territory Gained in WWI

Worst case scenario... post WWI if Germany had won

France

Maginot Line fortification against

Germans "guaranteed to stop

Germans from attacking"

communication, ammunition, transportation, living quarters

proved ineffective in WWII

Underground View of Maginot Line

USA

WWI put America involved in world affairs many Americans wanted to return to

isolationism Wilson ( involved in international affairs) Harding (return to isolationism) Coolidge (domestic over international) Hoover

USA

Great Depression appearances = everything good Roaring 20's factories produce more consumer goods more leisure time than every before

Stock Market Collapse 1929 prices drop unemployment (33%) banks fail factories close people lose homes

FDR and New Deal

1932 FDR elected president programs to provide:

relief recovery reform

Gave people jobs regulate stock exchange increse power of Federal Bureaucracy

bureaucracy = nonelected officials who handle govt affairs

Built w

ith Public W

orks Program

The Rise of The Rise of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism(1920s-1930s)(1920s-1930s)

What is Totalitarianism?What is Totalitarianism? Totalitarianism:Totalitarianism: dictator has complete control dictator has complete control

over his country & the lives of his peopleover his country & the lives of his people Key Traits of TotalitarianismKey Traits of Totalitarianism

Dictator:Dictator: total powertotal power

One party: One party: ruling party is the only legal political partyruling party is the only legal political party

gov't control of all aspects of lifegov't control of all aspects of life business, religion, the arts, education, etc.business, religion, the arts, education, etc. use of use of propagandapropaganda, , fearfear, and , and secret policesecret police No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc.No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc.

Totalitarian LeadersTotalitarian Leaders Why did they come to power?Why did they come to power?

People wanted strong leaders to get them out of People wanted strong leaders to get them out of the Great Depressionthe Great Depression

Russia (Lenin, Stalin)Russia (Lenin, Stalin) Italy (Mussolini)Italy (Mussolini) Germany (Hitler)Germany (Hitler)

Nationalism—they promised to make their Nationalism—they promised to make their countries big and powerfulcountries big and powerful

What did they want?What did they want? Total control over country and peopleTotal control over country and people Strong military and economyStrong military and economy More land—they were willing to go to war for it!More land—they were willing to go to war for it!

Two Types of Totalitarianism:Two Types of Totalitarianism:Fascism vs. CommunismFascism vs. Communism

FascismFascismExtreme nationalismExtreme nationalism

the nation is more important than the the nation is more important than the individualindividual

Charismatic leaderCharismatic leader big personality, good public speaker, big personality, good public speaker,

inspires peopleinspires peopleDifferent social classesDifferent social classes

rich, middle class, poorrich, middle class, poorAnti-communismAnti-communism

CommunismCommunismNo social classesNo social classesNo private propertyNo private propertyGlobal communismGlobal communism

calls for all nations to be calls for all nations to be united under communismunited under communism

Anti-religionAnti-religion

BothBothTotalitarian dictatorship Totalitarian dictatorship –– required absolute required absolute obedience to leaderobedience to leader

Anti-democracyAnti-democracyExtreme militarismExtreme militarism – – glorification of militaryglorification of military

ItalyItalyLeaderLeader Benito Mussolini (1922-1943)Benito Mussolini (1922-1943)

GovernmentGovernment FascistFascistPolitical PartyPolitical Party Fascist PartyFascist PartyPolicies/goalsPolicies/goals Extreme nationalismExtreme nationalism

-Make Italy a powerful nation-Make Italy a powerful nation

-Build Italian Empire-Build Italian EmpireFix economyFix economyRestore orderRestore orderSupport Catholic ChurchSupport Catholic ChurchAnti-socialismAnti-socialismAnti-communismAnti-communism

GermanyGermanyLeaderLeader Adolf Hitler (1933-1945)Adolf Hitler (1933-1945)GovernmentGovernment FascistFascistPolitical PartyPolitical Party Nazi Party Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers’ Party)(National Socialist German Workers’ Party)

Policies/goalsPolicies/goals Extreme German nationalismExtreme German nationalismAnti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people)Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people)Anti-communismAnti-communismFix economyFix economy

-Create jobs with public projects-Create jobs with public projectsRebuild German militaryRebuild German militaryCreate a powerful German EmpireCreate a powerful German Empire

The Soviet Union The Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)(U.S.S.R.)

LeaderLeader Joseph Stalin (1929-1953)Joseph Stalin (1929-1953)

GovernmentGovernment CommunistCommunist

Political PartyPolitical Party Communist PartyCommunist Party

Policies/goalsPolicies/goals Create the perfect communist stateCreate the perfect communist stateSpread communism throughout the worldSpread communism throughout the worldGovernment ownership of all propertyGovernment ownership of all propertyStrict government control of economyStrict government control of economy

-industrialize / modernize using -industrialize / modernize using Five Year PlansFive Year Plans

-build factories, hospitals, schools, and railroads-build factories, hospitals, schools, and railroads

-government control of factories and mines-government control of factories and mines

-collectivized farmland (took people’s land and -collectivized farmland (took people’s land and

combined it into large government farms)combined it into large government farms)

--Imprisoned or executed anyone who opposedImprisoned or executed anyone who opposed