Data Driven Medicine:Data, Not Programs

Sharing, Not HoardingIndividuals, Not Populations

CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Forums

BIG DATA FORUM

June 5, 2012

Joanne S. Luciano, PhDResearch Associate ProfessorTetherless World ConstellationRensselaer Polytechnic Institute

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Times have changed

Keep the information about the data with the data, then it can be (re)used• The end of the blockbuster era • The right treatment to the right

patient at the right time• Lowering cost of pharmaceutical

development• Improved patient response to

treatment• Aging population• Technology (Web and Mobile)• Shifts in thinking

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sepblog/4014143391/

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Data Driven Medicine:

Data, Not Programs

Sharing, Not Hoarding

Individuals, Not Populations

Data, Not Programs

41. Webopedia. “Data Dictionary.” Available online at www.webopedia.com/TERM/d/data_dictionary.html.

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Data, Not Programs

51. Webopedia. “Data Dictionary.” Available online at www.webopedia.com/TERM/d/data_dictionary.html.

12Feet?Years?December?Noon?Dozen?

Data, Not Programs

Data Dictionaries:

Without a data dictionary, a database management system [or any program program]cannot access data from the database.”1

61. Webopedia. “Data Dictionary.” Available online at www.webopedia.com/TERM/d/data_dictionary.html.

Duh!

Fox CI and X-informatics - CSIG 2008, Aug 11

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Shifting the Burden from the Userto the Provider

Data-Information-Knowledge Ecosystem

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Data Information Knowledge

Producers Consumers

Context

PresentationOrganization

IntegrationConversation

CreationGathering

Experience

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Data Driven Medicine:

Data, Not Programs

Sharing, Not Hoarding

Individuals, Not Populations

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Sharing, Not Hoarding

Now get it out there, where it can do some good.

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sepblog/4014143391/

http:// WEB PAGE URL

http:// DATUM

Yes, you can share dataand you can know you arereferring to the same thing ifit has the same URI.

The Semantic Web is the New Global Web of Data

It is about standards for publishing, sharing and querying knowledge drawn from diverse sources

It makes possible the answeringsophisticated questions using

background knowledge

Predictive Medicine, Inc. © 2010 12 27 October 2008

• BioPathways Consortium

• BioPAX

• W3C Semantic Web for Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLSIG)

Establishing Communities of Interest/Practice

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MetabolicPathways

MolecularInteractionNetworks

SignalingPathways

GeneRegulation

BioPAXLevel 1

Biological Pathways of the Cell

BioPAXLevel 2

BioPAXLevel 3

BioPAXLevel 4

BioPAX What’s a pathway?Depends on who you ask!

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BioPAX

Biological PAthway eXchange

An abstract data model for biological pathway integration

Initiative arose from the community

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phosphoglucoseisomerase 5.3.1.9

OWL(schema)

Instances (Individuals)

(data)

BioPAX Biochemical Reaction

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BioPAX Ontology

Level 1 v1.0 (July 7th, 2004)

parts

how the parts are known to interact

a set ofinteractions

Before BioPAX With BioPAX

Common “computable semantic” enables scientific discovery

>150 DBs and tools

Database

Application

User

BioPAX - Simplify

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Data Driven Medicine:

Data, Not Programs

Sharing, Not Hoarding

Individuals, Not Populations

Predictive Medicine, Inc. © 2010

Order and Time

Symptoms Improve

is Different for CBT and

DMI

Differential Equation Modeling

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Individuals, Not Populations

Social WebBlogsPatients Like Me

Cure Together

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sepblog/4014143391/

http://curetogether.com/depression/ig/treatment-effectiveness-vs-popularity

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Individuals, Not Populations

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sepblog/4014143391/

http://safety-code.org/

Quickly retrieve pharmacogenomic markers of patients when needed

No central storage of data is necessary, giving patients full control over their personal health information.

Personalized MedicineComponents

• Understand disease heterogeneity• Comprehend disease progression• Determine genetic and environmental contributors• Create treatments against relevant targets

– drugs against relevant targets (molecular structures)– Yoga against stress– Exercise against obesity– Elimination against food intolerance or allergy

• Develop markers to predict response• Identify concrete endpoints to measure response

Predictive Medicine, Inc. © 2010 23

Timeline

20091993

World Congress on

Neural Networks, July 11-15,

1993, Portland, Oregon

SIGMental

Function andDysfunctionSam Levin

Jackie Samson,Mc Lean Hospital

Depression

Research

1996

1995

20081994

Patents Soldto

Advanced Biological

Laboratories

Belgium

Patents Offered at

Ocean Tomo

Auction Chicago, IL

US Patent No.

6,317,73Awarded

US PatentsNo.

6,063,028Awarded

2001

2000

PhDThesis

Proposal Approved

Workshop Neural

Modeling of

Cognitive and Brain Disorders

BioPAX

?Linked Data

W3C HCLSBioDASH

EPOS

2006

EMPWR

Poster Presented ISMB 1997PSB 1998

1997

Predictive Medicine, Inc. © 2010 24

Neural Modeling of Depression

1996 Luciano, J., Cohen, M. Samson, J. “Neural Network Modeling of Unipolar Depression,” Neural Modeling of Cognitive and Brain Disorders, World Scientific Publishing Company, eds. J. Reggia and E. Ruppin and R. Berndt. Book cover; chapter pp 469-483.

Luciano Model highlighted on book cover

Workshop 1995 Book 1996

Predictive Medicine, Inc. © 201025

Take Home Message(AMIA 2010)

We need to shorten the time

tighten the loop between research and practice;

15 years + is too long,

way too long

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Perspective

“While it took 2,300 years after the first report of angina for the condition to be commonly taught in medical curricula, modern discoveries are being disseminated at an increasingly rapid pace. Focusing on the last 150 years, the trend still appears to be linear, approaching the axis around 2025.”

The Healthcare Singularity and the Age of Semantic Medicine, Michael Gillam, et al, The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery Tony Hey (Editor), 2009

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Take Home Message

Now You Try It!

Challenge: What can you do (combine) with your data? What will you find?http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/Tutorials