Ecosystem 141124072219 Conversion Gate02

7/25/2019 Ecosystem 141124072219 Conversion Gate02

1/25

ECOSYSTEMCreated by:Kush Sehgal

Class XII scienceRoll number : 2

Session: 2!"#$


2/25

Session: 2!"#

a sEcosystem

'n ecosystem is acommunity o) li*ingorganisms +,lants-animals and

microbes. incon/unction 0ith thenonli*ing com,onentso) their en*ironment

+things li1e air- 0aterand mineral soil.-interacting as asystem


3/25

3iche *4s habitat

5abitat:

The natural home oren*ironment o) an animal-

,lant- or other organism

3iche:

' role ta1en by a ty,e

o) organism 0ithin itscommunity


4/25


5/25

6iotic 7actors 6iotic com,onents

These are the li*ing things that sha,e an ecosystem' biotic )actor is any li*ing com,onent that a8ects anotherorganisms- including animals that consume the organism in9uestion- and the li*ing )ood that the organism consumes

Eam,le :

a )resh 0aterecosystemsho0ing ,rey

and a ,redator

b i i


6/25

More 'bout 6iotic

Com,onents 6iotic com,onents are contrastedto abiotic com,onents- 0hich arenon$li*ing com,onents o) anorganism;s en*ironment- such astem,erature- light- moisture- aircurrents- etc 6iotic com,onentsusually include:


7/25

'biotic )actors In biology and ecology- abiotic com,onents

include ,hysical conditions and non$li*ing resources that a8ect li*ing organisms interms o) gro0th- maintenance- and re,roductionResources are distinguished as substances orob/ects in the en*ironment re9uired by oneorganism and consumed or other0ise made

una*ailable )or use by other organismsCom,onent degradation o) a substance bychemical or ,hysical ,rocesses- eg hydrolysis'll non$li*ing com,onents o) an ecosystem is

called abiotic com,onents


8/25


9/25


10/25

,roducti*ity In ecology- ,roducti*ity or ,roduction re)ers to the rate

o) generation o) biomass in an ecosystem It is usuallye,ressed in units o) mass ,er unit sur)ace +or *olume.,er unit time- )or instance grams ,er s9uare metre

,er day +g m$2

d$"

. The mass unit may relate to drymatter or to the mass o) carbon generated


11/25


12/25


13/25

E3ER@Y 7AO& Food chain

' linear se9uence o) lin1s in a )ood0eb starting )rom s,ecies that are called

,roducers in the 0eb and ends at s,ecies thatare called decom,osers in the 0eb ' )oodchain also sho0s ho0 the organisms arerelated 0ith each other by the )ood they eat '

)ood chain di8ers )rom a )ood 0eb- becausethe com,le ,oly,hagous net0or1 o) )eedingrelations are aggregated into tro,ic s,eciesand the chain only )ollo0s

linear mono,hagous ,ath0ays


14/25

Ty,es o) )ood chainGrazing food chain$ The graBing )ood chain begins 0ith

the ,hotosynthetic ation o) light- carbon dioide- and0ater by ,lants +,rimary ,roducers. 0ho ,roduce sugarsand other organic molecules Once ,roduced- thesecom,ounds can be used to create the *arious ty,es o)

,lant tissues


15/25


16/25

Ecological succession

Ecological succession is the obser*ed,rocess o) change in the s,ecies structureo) an ecological community o*er time The

time scale can be decades +)or eam,le-a)ter a 0ildre.- or e*en millions o) yearsa)ter a mass etinction

The community begins 0ith relati*ely)e0 ,ioneering ,lants and animals andde*elo,s through increasing com,leityuntil it becomes stable or sel)$,er,etuating

as a clima community


17/25


18/25


19/25

Secondary succession is one o) the t0o ty,eso) ecological succession o) ,lant li)e 'so,,osed to the rst- ,rimary succession-secondary succession is a ,rocess started by an

e*ent that reduces an alreadyestablished ecosystem to a smaller ,o,ulationo) s,ecies


20/25


21/25

3utrient cycle

' nutrient cycle +or ecological recycling. is the mo*ementand echange o) organic and inorganic matter bac1 intothe ,roduction o) li*ing matter The ,rocess is regulatedby )ood 0eb ,ath0ays that decom,ose matter

intomineral nutrients 3utrient cycles occur 0ithinecosystems Ecosystems are interconnected systems0here matter and energy o0s and is echanged asorganisms )eed- digest- and migrate about Minerals andnutrients accumulate in *aried densities and une*en

congurations across the ,lanet Ecosystems recyclelocally- con*erting mineral nutrients into the ,roductiono) biomass- and on a larger scale they ,artici,ate in aglobal system o) in,uts and out,uts 0here matter isechanged and trans,orted through a larger systemo) biogeochemical cycles


22/25

a r o n cy c l e The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by

0hich carbon is echanged among thebios,here- ,edos,here- geos,here- hydros,here-and atmos,here o) the Earth

The global carbon budgetis the balance o) theechanges +incomes and losses. o) carbonbet0een the carbon reser*oirs or bet0een ones,ecic loo, +eg- atmos,here F bios,here. o)

the carbon cycle 'n eamination o) the carbonbudget o) a ,ool or reser*oir can ,ro*idein)ormation about 0hether the ,ool or reser*oiris )unctioning as a source or sin1 )or carbon

dioide


23/25


24/25

Phosphorus cycle

The ,hos,horus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describesthe mo*ement o) ,hos,horus throughthe lithos,here- hydros,here- and bios,here Gnli1e many otherbiogeochemical cycles- the atmos,here does not ,lay a signicantrole in the mo*ement o) ,hos,horus- because ,hos,horus and

,hos,horus$based com,ounds are usually solids at the ty,icalranges o) tem,erature and ,ressure )ound on Earth The,roduction o) ,hos,hine gas occurs only in s,ecialiBed- localconditions

On the land- ,hos,horus +chemical symbol-


25/25

Date post:	26-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	zeeshan-ahmed
View:	214 times
Download:	0 times

Ecosystem 141124072219 Conversion Gate02

Documents