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Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria L. Litov University of Sofia
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Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria
L. Litov
University of Sofia
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Status of Nuclear and Particle Physics in BG
Nuclear and Particle physics in BulgariaWell developedStrong tradition (science, education, applications)
Bulgaria is founding member of JINR – DubnaMember of CERN since 1999
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Status of Nuclear and Particle Physics in BG
Education and scientific investigations in NP physics University of Sofia
Science and educationUniversity of Plovdiv
Science and education (mainly nuclear physics)University of Shoumen
Mostly education – teachers in physicsSouth-West University – Blagoevgrad
Mostly education – teachers in physics Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy of BAS
Science and PhD
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
University of Sofia University of Sofia
Biggest and oldest university in Bulgaria Covers practically all scientific fields 16 faculties 2700 staff 26000 students Faculty of Physics Biggest faculty of the University Staff – 250 Students – 600 13 Departments
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics Atomic Physics Department Theoretical Physics Department Nuclear Engineering Department
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
Staff qualification
Nuclear physics Nuclear structure (partly covered by D. Balabanski} Experiments at different accelerators in Europe and USA
Particle physics Fixed target experiments (PS, SPS)
NA48, NA48/1, NA48/2, NA49, NA62 (to be covered by V. Kozhuharov) LHC
CMS – (to be covered by V. Genchev) Neutrino physics
CHORUS, HARP, OPERA, NA61, MICE (to be covered by R. Tsenov) Medical physics (to be covered by B. Pavlov) Grid and high performance computing (to be covered by E. Atanasov) Nuclear electronics
L. Litov
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Atomic physics department
Biggest department at the faculty (staff – 30) Responsible for (bachelor degree)
General education in the field of Atomic, Nuclear and Particle physics Specialization in
Nuclear physicsParticle physicsDosimetry and radiation protectionMedical physicsComputational physicsSignificantly helps education in nuclear engineering
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Atomic physics department
Master degree Nuclear and particle physics Significant part of Medical physics
Scientific activities and PhD Produces about 28% of scientific publications of the faculty Particle physics Nuclear physics (nuclear structure) Dosimetry and radiation protection Natural radioactivity Medical physics – detectors, drug design Biophysics Nuclear electronics Computational physics – simulations of complex atomic and molecular
systems
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Education in physics
Bachelor degree Faculty of Physics - specializations
Physics (all Universities) Engineering physics (Sofia and Plovdiv) Nuclear engineering (Sofia and Plovdiv) Physics and mathematics – teachers (Sofia, Plovdiv, Shumen) Astronomy, geophysics and meteorology (Sofia) Medical physics (started 2008) (Sofia) Physics and informatics (started 2008) (Sofia and Plovdiv) Communications and physics electronics – (started 2009) (Sofia)
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Education in physics
Master degree Faculty of Physics (Sofia)
About 20 programsNuclear and particle physics Nuclear engineeringMedical physics
Faculty of Physics (Plovdiv)Nuclear applications
PhD degree Nuclear physics (Sofia, Plovdiv, INRNE) Particle physics (Sofia, INRNE) Nuclear engineering (Sofia, INRNE) Medical Physics (Sofia, Plovdiv) Dosimetry and radiation protection (Sofia, Plovdiv, INRNE)
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics
All students at the Faculty of Physics of SU pass two general courses Atomic physics and interaction of the ionizing radiation with mater Nuclear and particle physics
Students from the other Universities Atomic and nuclear physics
Bachelor degree – early specialization (3rd & 4th year) (Sofia) Nuclear physics Particle physics Medical physics Nuclear engineering
Diploma thesis – review of some scientific problem Students join a scientific group to prepare the thesis – actual start of
scientific investigations
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Nuclear physics
Experimental nuclear physics Theoretical nuclear physics Dosimetry and radiation protection Nuclear electronics Nuclear reactions Radiation biophysics and radiation protection Introduction in particle physics Introduction in particle physics theory
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Particle physics
Quantum field theory Group theory Introduction in particle physics Introduction in particle physics theory Gauge theory Experimental nuclear physics Theoretical nuclear physics Dosimetry and radiation protection Nuclear electronics Nuclear reactions
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Medical physics (Sofia University)
Image reconstruction and analysis in the medicine Physical basics of x-ray and radionuclide diagnostics Clinical dosimetry Dosimetry and radiation protection Radiation biophysics Metrology of ionizing radiation MRI tomography Physical methods in the medicine Nuclear physics methods in the medicine Monte-Carlo simulations of ionizing particle mater interactions Natural radioactivity and radioecology
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Master degree (Sofia University)
Standard model of electroweak and strong interactions Symmetries in particle physics Nuclear models Nuclear structure Modeling of physical processes Theory of nuclear reactions Natural radioactivity and radioecology Nuclear electronics – 2 Object oriented programming Theoretical astrophysics Radiochemistry Moessbauer effect and Moessbauer spectroscopy Radiation biophysics Modern problems of nuclear physics Introduction in high performance computing
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Master degree (Sofia University)
Weak interactions of elementary particles Theoretical astrophysics Supersymmetry, quantum deformations and models of interacting
systems Introduction in string and superstring theory Automation of the physical experiment Physics beyond the Standard Model Preparation of diploma thesis (one semester)
Requirement – to solve some scientific problem Actually students participate in scientific investigations from the
very beginning of the Master degree education Participation in international schools, including CERN summer
school, JINR, GSI etc. Participation in real experiments
Since 2000 – 49 students – 75% in particle physics
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Laboratories (Sofia University)
Atomic and Nuclear physics (2 laboratories) all students in physics pass through this laboratories
Experimental nuclear physics Dosimetry and radiation protection Natural and low radiation Metrology of ionizing radiation Nuclear electronics Particle physics Biophysics Medical physics Computational physics Grid computing and particle physics High performance computing CMS center
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
Grid cluster of Sofia University
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
CMS center at Sofia University
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
CMS center at Sofia University
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
PhD degree
Requirements Independent scientific investigation At least 1 publication in international journal with impact factor + at least one
publication in conference proceedings In reality – 3-4 publications
3 years + 6 months without stipendium - not enough Since 2000
Sofia University – 14 PhD students in particle physics NA48/1/2 – 5, CMS – 4, NA49 – 2, HARP – 1, MICE – 1, Julich – 1
INRNE – 2 CMS – 2
Many PhD students outside Bulgaria
L. Litov
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Conclusions
Main problems Decreasing number of students
Particular case of the decreasing number of students in natural and technical disciplines
Big flow of students to other EU countries and USA Special program to attract young people is necessary
Very old laboratory equipment Equipment does not correspond to the 21st century Strong dynamics in the technology development Full refurbishment of the laboratories needed
Sharp decreasing of the number of PhD students during last years low stipendium brain drain problem
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010
To do list
Increase the number of students Change of the program in the high schools (last two years) Work with school teachers and pupils Special programs to attract students (government + universities) Special care for talented students Programs for dissemination of the scientific and technical
achievements of particle physics Introduction of new laboratory exercises Improvement of lecturer and students mobility Increase of PhD students support Attraction of foreign students
L. Litov
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Thank you for your attention
Education in Nuclear and Particle Physics in Bulgaria ECFA Sofia, 7 May 2010L. Litov
Nuclear engineering
Nuclear power stations Nuclear electronics Neutron physics Physics of nuclear reactors Electrical machines and apparatus Introduction in the nuclear technologies Dosimetry and radiation protection Theoretical nuclear physics Experimental nuclear physics Calculation methods in the nuclear technology Nuclear reaction
