European HistoryEuropean HistoryPPT:PPT:

Began in the Began in the 1500s1500s and was and was a movement a movement to correct to correct problemsproblems in the in the Catholic Catholic ChurchChurch.. ChristiansChristians break awaybreak away

from the from the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church and started and started Protestant Protestant churches.churches.

Religious warsReligious wars tore apart tore apart Europe.Europe.

Reformation

WhatWhat 4 4 areas make areas make up theup the United United KingdomKingdom??

United Kingdom: -United Kingdom: - built a built a Global Global Empire in 1800’sEmpire in 1800’s

England took control of its neighbors: England took control of its neighbors: Wales, Wales, Ireland, & ScotlandIreland, & Scotland

1801: 1801: NNorthern Irelandorthern Ireland, , EEnglandngland, , WWalesales, & , & SScotlandcotland became known as the became known as the United United KingdomKingdom (UK ). (UK ).

1800s: England wanted to 1800s: England wanted to gain more gain more resources and marketsresources and markets so they so they colonizedcolonized the the Americas, Asia, and AfricaAmericas, Asia, and Africa

Result = Result = English languageEnglish language spread and now spread and now spoken in more countriesspoken in more countries worldwide. worldwide.

During Industrial RevolutionDuring Industrial Revolution

MachinesMachines replaced hand tools replaced hand tools

Steam power replaced human & animal Steam power replaced human & animal powerpower

People continued to farm, but the People continued to farm, but the economy began economy began to shift towards to shift towards manufacturing manufacturing

1700s: Industrialization Begins in Britain1700s: Industrialization Begins in BritainIndustrialization occurred in Industrialization occurred in Europe: led to Europe: led to growth of growth of factoriesfactories - New technologies - New technologies developed that transformed developed that transformed the the textile industrytextile industry1764 Spinning Jenny1764 Spinning Jenny: by : by James Hargreaves – spun James Hargreaves – spun several threads at onceseveral threads at onceRichard Arkwright’s Water Richard Arkwright’s Water FrameFrame – held 100 spindles of – held 100 spindles of thread; water poweredthread; water powered

The Irish FamineThe Irish FamineBritish British seized landseized land from from CatholicsCatholics & gave it to & gave it to Protestants.Protestants. Left Left IrishIrish in in povertypoverty

1840s – 1840s – potato crops failedpotato crops failed & & caused caused famine –severe food famine –severe food shortageshortage . . Over Over 1 million Irish1 million Irish

Immigrated to otherImmigrated to other countries and to U.S.countries and to U.S.

1921 – Republic of 1921 – Republic of IrelandIreland gained independencegained independence

What happened to What happened to EasternEastern European CountriesEuropean Countries

afterafter WWII?WWII?

Europe after WWII: “Iron Curtain” in red

Soviet Union After World War IISoviet Union After World War II

During WWIIDuring WWII:: Soviet UnionSoviet Union advanced through advanced through Eastern EuropeEastern Europe – part of the Allied strategy – part of the Allied strategy to to crush Germanycrush Germany

After WWIIAfter WWII: : Soviet Union refuses to leave Soviet Union refuses to leave the the Eastern countriesEastern countries

Soviet UnionSoviet Union set up set up Communist governmentsCommunist governments & & dominateddominated many many Eastern European countriesEastern European countries - - became Soviet became Soviet Satellite NationsSatellite Nations

What happened to Germany after WWII?

Germany was divided and occupied by:

1.Britain - Orange

2.France - Blue

3.U.S. - Yellow

4.Soviet Union - Pink

Germany After WWIIGermany After WWII

GermanyGermany split split into into two nationstwo nations after WWII: after WWII: WestWest Germany – Germany – democraticdemocratic government government East East Germany – Germany – CommunistCommunist government government Capital CityCapital City of of BerlinBerlin also split into also split into two partstwo parts and and

Berlin Wall was built to separate the Eastern Berlin Wall was built to separate the Eastern sectionsection

1989 – Berlin Wall is brought down1989 – Berlin Wall is brought down1990 East and West Germany reunited– with a 1990 East and West Germany reunited– with a democratic governmentdemocratic government..

*Germany divided after WWII: Controlled by Britain, France, U.S., and Soviet Union

Berlin Wall: Surrounded West BerlinBerlin Wall: Surrounded West Berlin

The Wall Comes DownThe Wall Comes Down

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism is discrimination against Anti-Semitism is discrimination against Jewish peopleJewish people

Nazis were anti-Semitic: they murdered Nazis were anti-Semitic: they murdered millions of European Jews - called the millions of European Jews - called the

..

Serbia and Ethnic CleansingSerbia and Ethnic Cleansing

SerbiaSerbia never forgot that they were never forgot that they were defeateddefeated in in KosovoKosovo..In the 1990s, In the 1990s, KosovoKosovo was was inhabited by inhabited by AlbaniansAlbanians, whose religion was , whose religion was IslamIslam..SerbiaSerbia, led by Slobodan Milosevic, began , led by Slobodan Milosevic, began a a campaign of ethnic cleansingcampaign of ethnic cleansing against the against the Albanians in KosovoAlbanians in Kosovo..1999: 1999: NATO started bombing SerbiaNATO started bombing Serbia, and , and Milosevic withdrew his troopsMilosevic withdrew his troops from from Kosovo.Kosovo.

TimelineTimeline

World War I – 1914-1918World War I – 1914-1918

World War II – 1939-1945 (Holocaust)World War II – 1939-1945 (Holocaust)

After WWII: Communist domination in After WWII: Communist domination in Eastern EuropeEastern Europe by by Soviet UnionSoviet Union

1989 1989 Berlin Wall fallsBerlin Wall falls

More freedom & elections – independenceMore freedom & elections – independence

Republics of Yugoslavia – 1990’s:Republics of Yugoslavia – 1990’s: 4 of the 4 of the 6 separate --- 6 separate --- civil war followscivil war follows

Rest of PPT not for TestRest of PPT not for Test

•Led to Led to BalkanizationBalkanization: : the process of the process of breaking upbreaking up a a region region into several smallinto several small, , hostile states.hostile states. •Serbia tries to free the Slavs in Austria-HungarySerbia tries to free the Slavs in Austria-Hungary

•1914 – a Serb 1914 – a Serb assassinatedassassinated an Austrian noble an Austrian noble which which starts World War Istarts World War I

Continued:

War After War in the BalkansWar After War in the BalkansBalkan nationsBalkan nations = = Bulgaria, Greece, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, & Montenegro, Romania, & SerbiaSerbiaOttomans controlled the Ottomans controlled the Balkans; Balkans; Balkans gained Balkans gained freedomfreedom in 1908; fought in 1908; fought again in 1912again in 19121913 - Balkan countries 1913 - Balkan countries fought over who should fought over who should control the remaining control the remaining Ottoman territory they Ottoman territory they wonwon

European Christians fight a series of wars European Christians fight a series of wars to to take Palestine from the Muslims.take Palestine from the Muslims.

Some Some Italian city-statesItalian city-states became became rich rich from from selling suppliesselling supplies to to shipsships taking part in the taking part in the CrusadesCrusades..

RenaissanceRenaissance from the 14 from the 14thth thru 16 thru 16thth centuries centuries Began in Began in RomeRome, , Italy.Italy. Renewed Renewed interest in learning and the artsinterest in learning and the arts & &

stressed classical culture (art & writings).stressed classical culture (art & writings). Scholars question authority.Scholars question authority.