Grade 8 MATH TAKS Test Spring 2003

Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills

GRADE 8MATHEMATICS

READINGSOCIAL STUDIES

Administered Spring 2003

Copyright © 2003, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibitedwithout express written permission from Texas Education Agency.

STUDENT NAME

Gr8 Math/Rdg/SS Rel '03 4/10/03 1:20 PM Page 1


Page 3

MATHEMATICS


Page 4


Page 5

Mathematics Chart

LENGTH

Metric Customary

1 kilometer = 1000 meters 1 mile = 1760 yards

1 meter = 100 centimeters 1 mile = 5280 feet

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters 1 yard = 3 feet

1 foot = 12 inches

CAPACITY AND VOLUME

Metric Customary

1 liter = 1000 milliliters 1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 gallon = 128 ounces

1 quart = 2 pints

1 pint = 2 cups

1 cup = 8 ounces

MASS AND WEIGHT

Metric Customary

1 kilogram = 1000 grams 1 ton = 2000 pounds

1 gram = 1000 milligrams 1 pound = 16 ounces

TIME

1 year = 365 days

1 year = 12 months

1 year = 52 weeks

1 week = 7 days

1 day = 24 hours

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

Continued on the next page

Metric and customary rulers can be found on the separate Mathematics Chart.


Page 6

Mathematics Chart

12

13

13

43

bh2

12

227

(b1 + b2)h2

Perimeter square P = 4s

rectangle P = 2l + 2w or P = 2(l + w)

Circumference circle C = 2πr or C = πd

Area square A = s 2

rectangle A = lw or A = bh

triangle A = bh or A =

trapezoid A = (b1 + b2)h or A =

circle A = πr 2

Surface Area cube S = 6s 2

cylinder (lateral) S = 2πrh

cylinder (total) S = 2πrh + 2πr 2 or S = 2πr(h + r)

cone (lateral) S = πrl

cone (total) S = πrl + πr 2 or S = πr(l + r)

sphere S = 4πr 2

Volume prism V = Bh*

cylinder V = Bh*

pyramid V = Bh*

cone V = Bh*

sphere V = πr 3

*B represents the area of the Base of a solid figure.

Pi π π ≈ 3.14 or π ≈

Pythagorean Theorem a 2 + b 2 = c 2

Simple Interest Formula I = prt


Page 7

DIRECTIONS

Read each question. Then fill in the correctanswer on your answer document. If acorrect answer is not here, mark the letterfor “Not Here.”

SAMPLE A SAMPLE B

Find the greatest common factor of 12 and 18.

A 3

B* 6

C 9

D Not Here

Grade 6-8 Sample A

Find the perimeter of this square rug in meters.

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

Correct Answer: 12.8

Grade 6-8 Sample B

3.2 m


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2 A bag of mixed Yummy Gummies contains26% green, 34% red, 24% blue, and 16%yellow gummies. Carla put 250 mixedgummies in a bowl. Which proportion can beused to find y, the total number of yellowgummies in the bowl?

F =

G* =

H =

J =

08EM01801BZ01057

150y

16100

y16

100250

y250

16100

16100

250y

1 The equation c = 0.75t represents c, the total cost of t tickets on a bus. Which table contains values thatfit this equation?

A*

B

C

D

08EM02804AZ01073

Cost of Bus Tickets

tc

1$1.75

2$2.75

3$3.75

4$4.75

Cost of Bus Tickets

tc

1$1.75

2$2.50

3$3.25

4$4.00

Cost of Bus Tickets

tc

1$0.75

2$1.00

3$1.25

4$1.50

Cost of Bus Tickets

tc

1$0.75

2$1.50

3$2.25

4$3.00


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3 Mr. Dansiger surveyed the students in his science classes about the type and number of pets theyowned. The table shows the results of the survey.

Which circle graph best represents the type and number of pets reported by students in the survey?

A C

B D*

08EM05812CZ01070

50%Fish

30%Dogs

10%Cats

10%Birds

Students’ Pets

40%Fish

5%Birds

5%Cats

50%Dogs

Students’ Pets

75%Fish

5%Birds

5%Cats

15%Dogs

Students’ Pets

50%Fish

30%Birds

10%Cats

10%Dogs

Students’ Pets

Type of Pet

Number of Pets

Cat

30

Dog

90

Bird

30

Fish

150

Students’ Pets


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6 The figure shows a rectangle inside a circle.

Which procedure should be used to find thearea of the shaded region?

F* Find the area of the circle and thensubtract the area of the rectangle.

G Find the circumference of the circle andthen subtract the perimeter of therectangle.

H Find the circumference of the circle andthen subtract the area of the rectangle.

J Find the area of the rectangle and thensubtract the perimeter of the rectangle.

08EM06814CZ01275

5 The Stars, the Tigers, and the Lobos scored atotal of 56 goals during the hockey season.The Stars scored 4 more goals than the Tigers,and the Lobos scored twice as many goals asthe Tigers. Which is a reasonable conclusionabout the goals the teams scored?

A The Stars scored the least number ofgoals.

B The Stars and the Lobos scored an equalnumber of goals.

C The Tigers scored exactly half the totalgoals.

D* The Lobos scored the greatest number ofgoals.

08EM06814BZ01280

4 Lily surveyed all the members of themiddle school band about their favoriteclass this semester. The results are shownin the table below.

From these results, Lily concluded that bandwas the favorite class among all the studentsat her school. Which is the best explanationfor why her conclusion might not be valid?

F The survey should have been done eachday for a week.

G* The sample was not representative of allthe students at the school.

H The survey should have been done witheighth-grade students only.

J The band meets only 3 days a week.

08EM05813AZ01250

Favorite ClassClass Number of Students

18Band

9English

12Math

15Science


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9 Jasmine has an average of 95 on 15 quizgrades. If her teacher drops Jasmine’s lowestgrade, a 72, which equation can be used tofind n, Jasmine’s new quiz average?

A n =

B* n =

C n =

D n =

08EM01802AZ01027

95(72 − 15)14

(95 × 15) − 7215

(95 × 15) − 7214

95 − 7214

8 The results of a random survey showed that42 out of 80 people plan to vote for Mr. Vu forcity council. Which is the best prediction of thetotal number of votes he will receive if 2,000people vote?

F 25

G 50

H 120

J* 1,000

08EM05811BZ01220

7 ∆ EFG is similar to ∆ HJK.

Find the length of JK.

A 3 units

B* 7 units

C 14 units

D 24.5 units

08EM04809BZ01180

3.510.5

21

? K

F G

E

J

H


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10 Polygon PQRSTU is shown on the coordinate grid below.

Which coordinate grid shows the reflection of polygon PQRSTU across the x-axis?

F H

G J*

08EM03806BZ01110

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

U T

S R

QP


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13 A bicycle wheel travels about 82 inches in1 full rotation. What is the diameter of thewheel, to the nearest inch?

A 5 in.

B 10 in.

C 13 in.

D* 26 in.

08EM03807BZ01503

12 A baseball card was worth $3 when it wasissued in 1996. The table shows the value ofthe card each year since 1996.

Based on the information in the table, what isa reasonable prediction for the value of thebaseball card in 2004?

F Between $5 and $6

G* Between $6 and $7

H Between $7 and $8

J Between $8 and $9

08EM02805AZ01040

Year Value of Card1996 $3.00

$3.30$3.65$4.05$4.50$5.00

19971998199920002001

Value of Baseball Card

11 Ms. Gonzalez’s monthly electricity bills for March through June were $97.09, $103.96, $114.73, and$121.82. She estimated that the electricity cost a total of $400.00 over these 4 months. Which bestdescribes her estimate?

A* Less than the actual amount because she rounded to the nearest $100

B Less than the actual amount because she rounded to the nearest $10

C More than the actual amount because she rounded to the nearest $100

D More than the actual amount because she rounded to the nearest $10

08EM01802CZ01038


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14 A dentist kept a record of the number of newcavities his patients had per year for the last10 years. The scatterplot below shows theaverage number of new cavities per year forpatients in the 4- to 32-year age range.

Which description best represents therelationship of the dentist’s data?

F* Negative trend

G No trend

H Positive trend

J Cannot be determined

08EM05812BZ01235

Number of New Cavities

Ave

rage

Num

ber

ofN

ew C

aviti

es p

er Y

ear

Age (years)

120 24 36 48

1

2

3

4

5

6

16 The bar graph shows the average number ofhours per week that students in differentgrades use computers.

Which statement best explains why a personreading the graph might get an incorrect ideaabout the differences in the number of hourscomputers are used by students in the gradesshown?

F The title of the graph is misleading.

G The grade intervals do not show howmuch time college students usecomputers.

H The vertical scale should show minutes ofcomputer use instead of hours.

J* The intervals on the vertical scale are notconsistent.

08EM05813BZ01261

Computer Use by Grade

Tim

e U

sed

(hou

rs p

er w

eek)

Grade

Pre-

K to

K

1 to

3

4 to

6

7 to

8

9 to

12

10.0

8.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

3.0

1.0

0.5

0

15 Bobby saved $32 when he purchased a jacketat a clearance sale. If the sale price was 40%off the regular price, what was the regularprice of the jacket?

A $48

B $72

C* $80

D $128

08EM02803BZ01064


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19 A cell-phone tower that has a transmissionrange of 50 miles is located 40 miles due southof a straight road.

Find x, the length of the section of road that iswithin the transmission range of the tower.

A 10 mi

B 30 mi

C* 60 mi

D 90 mi

08EM04809AZ01174

View from Above

50m

iles

Tower

Road40

mile

sx

18 Before the last game of the basketball season,Fernando had scored a total of 73 points. Hescored 20 points in the last game, making hisseason average 15.5 points per game. To findthe total number of games he played, first findthe sum of 73 and 20 and then —

F add the sum to 15.5

G subtract 15.5 from 73

H multiply the sum by 15.5

J* divide the sum by 15.5

08EM06815AZ01273

17 The following table shows the number of pages in novels that Chloe read for pleasure each monthduring the school year.

If Chloe read only 125 pages during the month of May, which measure of data changed the most?

A* The mean

B The median

C The mode

D All measures were affected equally.

08EM05812AZ01227

Chloe’s Novel Reading

Month

Number ofPages Read

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April

370 393 380 376 396 372 385 391


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21 Three roommates agreed to split the cost offood and rent evenly. Last month they spent atotal of $349.66 for food and $365 for rent.Find the amount that each of the 3 roommatespaid.

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles onyour answer document. Be sure to use thecorrect place value.

Correct Answer: 238.22

08EM01802BZ01900

20 The figures below have a repeating pattern.

Which shows a 180° rotation of the 19th figure in the pattern?

F H

G* J

08EM06816AZ01300

Figure

1

Figure

2

Figure

3

Figure

4

Figure

5

Figure

6

Figure

7

Figure

8

Figure

9

Figure

10

Figure

11

Figure

12


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22 A spinner and a fair number cube are usedin a game. The spinner has an equal chanceof landing on 1 of 4 colors: red, purple, blue,or green. The faces of the cube are labeled 1 through 6. What is the probability of aplayer spinning the color red and then rolling a 5 or 6?

F

G

H*

J

08EM05811AZ01212

124

112

18

310


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24 A jeweler bought 2 meters of silver chain. Sheused 20 centimeters to make a bracelet and 60 centimeters to make a necklace. How manymeters of silver chain did she have left?

F 1,200 m

G 120 m

H* 1.2 m

J 0.12 m

08EM01802BZ01033

23 For small paving jobs, a contractor uses a roller pushed by a worker.

To the nearest square inch, what is the area of pavement with which the surface of the roller will comeinto contact in one complete rotation?

A 753 in. 2

B* 1,507 in. 2

C 1,708 in. 2

D 1,909 in. 2

08EM04808AZ01154

30 in.

8 in.


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27 Vanita can read an average of 18 pages duringa 30-minute reading period at school. At thisrate, approximately how long will it take herto read a 380-page book?

A* 11 h

B 21 h

C 23 h

D 42 h

08EM02803BZ01063

26 Rae’s recipe for lemon-lime punch calls for thefollowing ingredients:

1 quart of apple juice

2 cups of lemon-lime soda

64 ounces of pineapple juice

2 quarts of cold water

cup of lemon juice

What is the smallest container that will holdall the ingredients?

F A 4-quart container

G A 5-quart container

H* A 6-quart container

J A 7-quart container

08EM01802CZ01042

14

34

25 The Venn diagram shows how many of the 400 students at Smith Middle School have ascooter only, a skateboard only, or both ascooter and a skateboard.

Use the information in the diagram to find theprobability that 1 student chosen at randomhas neither a scooter nor a skateboard.

A

B*

C

D

08EM06814AZ01270

34

710

14

120

Students at Smith Middle School

ScooterOnly

SkateboardOnly

2102070


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31 Quadrilateral PQRS was dilated to formquadrilateral WXYZ.

Which number best represents the scale factorused to change quadrilateral PQRS intoquadrilateral WXYZ?

A

B

C* 2

D 4

08EM03806AZ01105

12

14

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

P

Q

R

S

W

X

Y

Z

30 The area of a square is 125 square meters.Which best represents the length of a side ofthe square?

F 10.8 m

G* 11.2 m

H 11.9 m

J 12 m

08EM01801CZ01016

29 Which expression can be used to find the nthterm in the following arithmetic sequence,where n represents a number’s position in thesequence?

A n + 4

B 3n + 4

C 5n

D* 4n + 1

08EM02805BZ01096

Position in Sequence

Term

1 2 3 4 n

5 9 13 17 ?

28 A cardboard box is 60 inches long, 18 incheswide, and 24 inches high. Which is closest tothe volume of the box in cubic feet?

F 8.5 ft 3

G* 15 ft 3

H 18 ft 3

J 24 ft 3

08EM04808CZ01163


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32 Tim ran 150 meters in 25 seconds, and Evanran 90 meters in 15 seconds. Based on theserates, which statement is true?

F Tim’s average speed was 4 meters persecond faster than Evan’s average speed.

G Tim’s average speed was 2.4 meters persecond faster than Evan’s average speed.

H Tim’s average speed was 2 meters persecond faster than Evan’s average speed.

J* Tim’s average speed was equal to Evan’saverage speed.

08EM02803AZ01050

33 There are 4 children in the Carter family.

Roger is 1 times as tall as Charlie. John is

3 inches taller than Roger. Grace is 58 inches

tall, and she is 2 inches taller than Charlie.

How tall is John in feet and inches?

A 5 ft 3 in.

B 5 ft 10 in.

C 6 ft in.

D* 6 ft 1 in.

08EM06814BZ01307

12

14


Page 22 GO ON

34 Which graph shows a right triangle with one vertex at coordinates (−2, −4) and another vertex in thefirst quadrant?

F* H

G J

08EM03807DZ01146

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


Page 23 GO ON

36 Let n represent the position of a number inthe following arithmetic sequence.

, 1, , 2, …

Which expression can be used to find any termin the sequence?

F 2n

G* n

H n

J n

08EM02805BZ01093

52

32

12

32

12

35 Antonio and his two brothers equally sharedthe cost of a new CD with a list price of $18.They received a 20% discount off the list priceand paid 8.25% sales tax on the discountedprice. Find the approximate amount that eachof the 3 brothers paid toward the cost of theCD.

A $4.80

B* $5.20

C $6.50

D $15.59

08EM06814BZ01026


Page 24 GO ON

37 Which figure best represents a triangle withsides a, b, and c in which the relationship a 2 + b 2 = c 2 is always true?

A

B

C*

D

08EM03807CZ01137

c a

b

a c

b

a b

c

a b

c

38 The dimensions of two cubes are shown below.

The volume of the smaller cube is 64 cubicfeet. Find the volume of the larger cube.

F 16,384 ft 3

G* 4,096 ft 3

H 768 ft 3

J 256 ft 3

08EM04810BZ01203

4x ft

ftx


Page 25 GO ON

40 Mr. Park’s total monthly charge for local andlong-distance telephone service, c, can befound using the equation c = 20 + 0.07m,where m represents the number of minutes oflong-distance calls Mr. Park made during thatmonth. Find the total charge for a monthduring which Mr. Park made 100 minutes oflong-distance calls.

F $7.00

G $20.00

H $20.07

J* $27.00

08EM02805AZ01083

39 Rectangle I is similar to rectangle II.

The area of rectangle II is 216 square centimeters. Find the area of rectangle I.

A 4 cm 2

B 12 cm 2

C* 24 cm 2

D 108 cm 2

08EM06814BZ01194

6 cm

18 cm

Rectangle I Rectangle II

Area = 216 cm2


Page 26 GO ON

42 A librarian arranged some books on the shelfusing the Dewey decimal system. Choose thegroup of book numbers that is listed in orderfrom least to greatest.

F 549.010, 549.101, 549.02, 549.3

G 392.4, 397.46, 399.53, 399.062

H 101.2, 101.04, 104.21, 110.0

J* 834, 834.19, 834.2, 834.29

08EM01801AZ01005

41 A clothing store surveyed 100 boys aged 12 to16 about their preferred T-shirt colors. Theresults are shown in the table.

If the store uses only these data to orderT-shirts, which conclusion best reflects thedata collected?

A More than half of each order should beorange T-shirts.

B* More than half of each order should bepurple T-shirts and orange T-shirts.

C Only purple T-shirts and orange T-shirtsshould be ordered.

D About a third of the order should be greenT-shirts and yellow T-shirts.

08EM05813BZ01247

T-Shirt Colors

Color Frequency

Purple 35

Orange 45

Green 15

Yellow 5


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43 A circle with a radius of 3 units has its center at (−4, −2) on a coordinate grid.

If the circle is translated 6 units to the right and 3 units up, what will be the coordinates of the newcenter?

A* (2, 1)

B (1, 2)

C (−2, 1)

D (1, −2)

08EM03806BZ01113

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9–10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

–10


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46 A certain bacterium measures approximately0.000015 millimeter in length. How is thislength expressed in scientific notation?

F* 1.5 × 10 – 5 mm

G 1.5 × 10 – 4 mm

H 0.15 × 10 5 mm

J 15 × 10 4 mm

08EM01801DZ01020

45 An electronic device counted 3,962 vehiclespassing through an intersection during a 7-hour period. If the number of vehiclespassing through this intersection per hourremains the same, which proportion can beused to find x, the number of vehicles thatwould be counted by the device during a 9-hour period?

A =

B* =

C =

D =

08EM01801BZ01011

16x

73,962

93,962

7x

x9

3,9627

x9

73,962

44 The following statements are true about∆ XYZ.

• The measure of each angle is evenlydivisible by 12.

• The measure of ∠Z is greater than themeasure of ∠Y.

• The measure of ∠Y is greater than themeasure of ∠X.

• The measure of ∠X is greater than 40°.

Which choice fits all 4 statements for anglesX, Y, and Z?

F m∠X = 72°m∠Y = 60°m∠Z = 48°

G m∠X = 60°m∠Y = 72°m∠Z = 48°

H m∠X = 50°m∠Y = 60°m∠Z = 70°

J* m∠X = 48°m∠Y = 60°m∠Z = 72°

08EM06816BZ01306

X

Z Y


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47 The graph of the line y = 2x + 3 is drawn on the coordinate grid below.

Which table of ordered pairs contains only points on this line?

A C

B* D

08EM02804AZ01296

x y2

0

1

2

1

3

5

7

x y−1

3

5

7

−2

0

1

2

x y−2

0

1

2

−1

3

5

7

x y−2

0

1

3

5

9

3

1

y

x

–5

–4

–6

–7

–8

–9

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

–1 1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


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48 A camp leader plans to buy 3 hot dogs perperson for a cookout. If 30 people are going onthe cookout and if hot dogs cost $3.99 perpackage, what other information is needed tofind the cost of the hot dogs?

F The number of meals at which hot dogswill be served

G The cost of mustard and relish

H The number of people who eat hot dogs

J* The number of hot dogs in a package

08EM06814AZ01274


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49 Mrs. Pardue wants to purchase some apples. She compared prices from several different on-linegrocers. Which grocer’s price table is based on a constant unit price?

A C

B* D

08EM02803AZ01051

Web Grocer

Numberof Apples

10203040

TotalCost

$2.50$5.00$7.50$9.50

The Market

Numberof Apples

10203040

TotalCost

$2.50$4.00$6.00$7.50

The Dotted Grocer

Numberof Apples

10203040

TotalCost

$2.00$4.00$6.00$8.00

Groceries 2 U

Numberof Apples

10203040

TotalCost

$2.00$3.50$5.50$7.00


Page 32

BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS

ON THE ANSWER DOCUMENT.

50 The drawings show the top view and the front view of a solid figure built with cubes.

Which drawing shows a 3-dimensional view of the solid figure represented above?

F* H

G J

08EM03807AZ01123

Front

Front

Front

Front

Top View Front View


Page 33


Page 34


Page 35

READING


Read this selection. Then answer the questions that follow it.

Page 36 GO ON

A Knight’s HonorMy notes about what I am

reading1 “Hurry with my food and drink, boy,” Sir Berwin

ordered, seating himself on one of the wooden benches thatfilled the great hall. Curtis obediently scurried to thekitchen, where he filled a bowl with steaming soup. He wascareful not to spill any on himself. Sir Berwin took it as apersonal affront to be waited on by a servant in stainedclothes. Curtis did not want to be disrespectful to hismaster. Sir Berwin had warned Curtis many times, “Keepyour clothing clean. I will not tolerate a squire who looks asif he tends pigs.”

2 As a squire Curtis was only one step from becoming aknight. Curtis had dreamed of knighthood since he was oldenough to listen to tales about the noble deeds of KingArthur. He had been thrilled when, at the age of seven, hisparents had sent him to the home of Sir William to be apage. Sir William was a kind and respected knight.Becoming a page was the first step toward knighthood.Pages ran errands, and at the same time they learned goodmanners and other skills that they would need to becomesquires.

3 When he was 15, Curtis had become the squire of SirBerwin, Sir William’s oldest son. Squires trained morestrenuously than pages. They were supposed to perfecttheir skill with the sword and lance so that they couldbecome knights when they were old enough. However,squires also had to act as their knight’s personal servants.Being Sir Berwin’s squire was not easy; he was not kind orpatient like his father Sir William.

4 One of the knights at the table with Sir Berwinsuddenly asked, “Have you heard? There’s to be a boarhunt tomorrow in the king’s woods. King Richard hasoffered a prize to the knight who slays the red boar.”

5 The next day Curtis rode into the woods with SirBerwin and the other knights who were taking part in thehunt. Most of the knights spread out through the forest,but Sir Berwin stayed close to Sir Eric, who was known forhis hunting skill. Sure enough, as Sir Eric’s horse leapedover a stream, Curtis heard a crashing noise in the trees. Itwas the red boar!

6 Curtis shuddered. The boar was enormous, and itssharp tusks were the longest he had ever seen. Just thenhe heard the twang of Sir Eric’s bow. The arrow hit theboar, making the powerful animal squeal. Enraged, the


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boar charged straight at Sir Eric. Sir Eric’s terrified horsereared back, throwing him to the ground. Sir Ericstaggered to one knee and readied another arrow with hisdeft fingers. His well-trained hands gracefully placed thearrow on the bow. At the last second he shot. The boar felljust as Sir Eric collapsed on the ground.

7 Sir Berwin looked at the unconscious man and the deadboar. He said to Curtis, “I will have the king’s prize. I shallsay that I killed the boar. As for you, I demand your silence.Do not reply when the king asks what happened.”

8 Just then a group of knights burst through the trees.The king himself was with them. “What happened here?”he demanded.

9 “That is my arrow, sire,” Sir Berwin said. “I killed thisboar as it was attacking Sir Eric.”

10 Curtis’s heart felt leaden. He ached with doubt. As theking began to turn, Curtis heard the words “Your Majesty!”burst from his lips. He listened in horror to his own voice.“I beg Your Majesty’s pardon. In the tension of the moment,it may have looked to Sir Berwin as if his arrow killed theboar, but that is Sir Eric’s arrow.”

11 “What say you, Sir Berwin?” King Richard asked.

12 Sir Berwin’s face reddened. To intentionally hide thetruth from the king when asked a direct question would beconsidered perjury. He finally said, “Perhaps I wasmistaken.”

13 “Very well,” the king said. “Sir Eric wins the prize.Carry him back to the castle.” King Richard turned androde out of the clearing.

14 When the knights carrying Sir Eric had ridden after theking, Sir Berwin turned on Curtis. “How dare you make afool of a knight in front of his king,” Sir Berwin growled.His eyes glittered. “You have no loyalty, boy,” he rebukedCurtis. “I’ll see to it that you never become a knight.”

15 On the ride to the castle, Sir Berwin did not speak toCurtis or even look at him. Curtis’s heart sank. He almostdidn’t hear one of the king’s pages hailing him.

16 “Curtis!” the boy called again. “The king would speakwith you.”

17 Curtis set his horse into a run, passing some knightswho were singing and enjoying themselves on their wayback. The king rode at the head of the procession. “Youwished to see me, sire?” Curtis asked when he finallyreached the king’s group.

18 “Yes,” the king said and then paused. “Were you nottaught that a squire is to be loyal to his knight?”

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19 Curtis hung his head. “My apologies, sire,” he said.

20 The king studied him for a moment. “You make noexcuse for your behavior?”

21 “No, sire,” Curtis said.

22 “Humph,” the king grunted, looking ahead as if inthought. “Honest boys make honest men,” he said, asthough talking to himself. “A king needs honest men abouthim,” he said, turning to Curtis. “I think Sir Berwin doesnot value you as he should. My brother Sir Reginald needsa trustworthy squire. What say you?”

23 Curtis could not speak. Sir Reginald was noble andvirtuous, like the young King Arthur. Under Sir Reginald’sguidance, Curtis knew he would someday become SirCurtis.

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1 Look at this diagram of information from theselection.

Which word belongs in the empty box?

A King

B Prince

C* Page

D Sire

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Knight

Squire

6 From the king’s conversation with Curtis, thereader can conclude that —

F Sir Eric was once a squire to the king

G* the king is impressed by Curtis’s behavior

H Sir Berwin is one of the king’s favoriteknights

J the king holds many hunting competitions

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5 Sir Berwin tells the king that he may havebeen mistaken because —

A he realizes that it was Sir Eric’s arrowthat killed the boar

B* he is afraid of the consequences of notanswering the king’s question truthfully

C he decides to let Sir Eric claim the king’sprize since Sir Eric has been injured

D he wants to show King Richard that he isan honest and trustworthy knight

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4 In paragraph 6, the word deft means —

F injured

G large

H young

J* skilled

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3 Based on information about knights providedin this selection, the reader can conclude that —

A* it takes many years of training to becomea knight

B the other knights think that Curtis shouldhave kept quiet

C the king’s knights have tried to kill thered boar many times before

D the other knights do not like Sir Ericbecause they are jealous of him

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2 What are paragraphs 10 through 12 of thisselection mainly about?

F Sir Berwin mistakes Sir Eric’s arrow forhis own.

G Sir Berwin kills the wild red boar.

H* Curtis tells the king that it is Sir Eric whokilled the boar.

J The king thinks that Sir Berwin is nottelling the truth.

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13 Paragraph 1 is important in this selectionbecause it helps the reader understand —

A why squires had to keep themselves clean

B* what kind of person Sir Berwin is

C the purpose of training squires to becomeknights

D how knights chose boys to become squires

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12 From information about squires provided inthis selection, the reader can conclude that —

F pages are expected to serve squires just assquires serve knights

G the king also holds hunting competitionsfor squires

H each knight has two or three squires andseveral pages

J* squires are given the title “Sir” when theybecome knights

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11 In paragraph 6, the author creates a moodthat is —

A* suspenseful

B mysterious

C humorous

D lighthearted

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10 Curtis was thrilled when his parents sent himto become a page in Sir William’s homebecause —

F Curtis knew it would give him the chanceto be Sir Berwin’s personal servant

G* becoming a page was the first step a boytook toward becoming a knight

H knights treated their pages much betterthan they did their squires

J Sir William was much kinder and morepatient than Sir Berwin

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9 In paragraph 10, the author writes “Curtis’sheart felt leaden” to help the readerunderstand —

A the happiness Curtis feels knowing SirBerwin will be punished

B the embarrassment Curtis feels atdisappointing his knight

C the pride Curtis feels that Sir Berwin haswon the prize

D* the anxiety Curtis feels in choosingbetween loyalty and honesty

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8 Which sentence in the selection supports theidea that Curtis tries to avoid embarrassingSir Berwin?

F* “In the tension of the moment, it may havelooked to Sir Berwin as if his arrow killedthe boar, but that is Sir Eric’s arrow.”

G On the ride to the castle, Sir Berwin didnot speak to Curtis or even look at him.

H Curtis obediently scurried to the kitchen,where he filled a bowl with steaming soup.

J The next day Curtis rode into the woodswith Sir Berwin and the other knights whowere taking part in the hunt.

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7 Why is paragraph 7 important in thisselection?

A It shows the contrast between Sir Ericand Sir Berwin.

B* It introduces the conflict Curtis must laterresolve.

C It provides clues about how the story willend.

D It reveals important information aboutpast events.

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Read the next two selections. Then answer the questions that follow them.

Thayer to Share Polar Dream with ReadersArctic adventurer Helen Thayer will sign copies of her new book Polar Dream on

Saturday at the City Bookstore, Northside Mall, between 10:00 A.M. and 2:00 P.M. Thayerwill also read short excerpts from the book. The reading will begin approximately 30 minutes before the autograph session. Thayer plans to read passages from the bookthat highlight some of her polar expedition’s most memorable encounters.

Polar Dream tells the story of Thayer’s 1988 adventure in which she became the firstwoman to travel alone to the magnetic North Pole. Her 27-day trek began off the frozencoast of Bathurst Island on March 30, 1988. At the age of 50, accompanied only by herdog Charlie, Thayer walked across 360 miles of frozen wilderness, pulling a sled thatheld her supplies. Along the way she endured subzero temperatures, Arctic storms, andeven polar bear attacks.

A memoir of the expedition, Polar Dream is Thayer’s own story of the journey fromthe planning stage to her triumphant return. Thayer shares interesting details, includinghow an Inuit bear hunter had to talk her into taking Charlie along. She also provideswonderful descriptions of the Arctic and several tales of her struggles with polar bears.Although it has been nearly five years since her polar journey, Thayer has not retiredfrom the adventurous life. She is planning a similar expedition to Antarctica and theSouth Pole, where she hopes to celebrate her 60th birthday.

Thayer’s book is available in hardback and includes a foreword by Sir EdmundHillary. Hillary, a fellow adventurer and friend of Thayer’s, was one of the first men toclimb Mount Everest. A native of New Zealand like Thayer, Hillary has also made hisown polar expedition.

Purchase a copy and have it autographed!

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Announcement

City Bookstore’s Visiting Writer SeriesFeatured Author for November: Helen Thayer

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Photo courtesy of Helen Thayer.


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Never, Ever Run

1 It was more than 40 degrees Fahrenheit below zerowhen Helen Thayer woke up. It was the second day of herjourney to the North Pole. She melted ice into water andmixed it with granola, powdered milk, coconut flakes,raisins, and butter. This was her first breakfast of theexpedition, and it had to be eaten quickly. The steamingfood would freeze in less than a minute.

2 Thayer looked out at the endless white ice pack that layahead of her. She was to spend the next four weeks on theice, traveling to the magnetic North Pole and back. Shewould go there on foot, pulling her supplies behind her on asled, with only her dog Charlie, a black husky, as acompanion. Charlie would alert her if she were unluckyenough to encounter any polar bears—a serious threat inthe Arctic.

3 After breakfast Thayer began packing her things for theday’s trip. First she melted ice to fill two bottles of waterand mixed in some sport-drink mix. It was important tokeep plenty of water and high-energy foods available. Thedry Arctic air held little moisture, and Thayer could becomedehydrated quickly. Dehydration would make it difficult tokeep warm and cause her to get tired faster. Thayer packedthe water and snacks, including extra crackers for Charlie,in an insulated bag.

4 As Thayer began packing her tent, she heard a low,rumbling growl. Charlie had spotted a mother polar bearand her two cubs in the distance. Thayer took a deepbreath. Polar bears were always dangerous, but a motherbear that believed she needed to protect her cubs would beeven more aggressive. Thayer tried to remember what theInuit bear hunter had told her about polar bears. “Keep eyecontact,” the man had said. “Move sideways or slowlyforward—never backward. Stay calm. Don’t show fear.Don’t shoot unless you absolutely have to.” Wounding apolar bear would only incite it more. A wounded bear,especially a mother bear, would be more aggressive. Aboveall the Inuit hunter had stressed, “Never, ever run.”

5 Earlier, Thayer had leashed Charlie to a hook that shehad driven into the ice. Now she hooked the snarling dogonto the sled, close to her. He was at the end of the leash,gnashing his teeth and growling angrily. The mother bear,however, was not impressed. She kept plodding forward.


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6 “Stay calm. Stay calm,” Thayer told herself. Despite theramifications of shooting a polar bear, she grabbed her rifleand flare gun from the sled. Thayer loved animals. Shedidn’t want to shoot the bear, but she might not have achoice. She decided to try a warning shot.

7 Aiming to the left, Thayer squeezed the trigger. Therifle sent out a sharp, booming report, but the sound had noeffect on the bear. It lumbered forward, now only 100 feetaway. Thayer fought the impulse to run. She aimed theflare gun to the right and fired. The flaming canisterlanded a few feet to the side of the bear. The animalglanced briefly at the flare but did not stop.

8 Charlie strained against the leash, snapping andsnarling, saliva flying from his mouth. The bear reared upsuddenly and looked at Charlie. Thayer took aim andlanded another flare directly in front of the bear. The hugewhite creature looked back at her cubs. Finally shechanged direction, moving off slowly, circling Thayer andCharlie in a wide arc. Twice the bear stopped and lookedback, but Thayer shot more flares, and the animal keptgoing. At last the bear and her cubs disappeared fromsight. Charlie’s snarls became a low growl. Thayer gavehim a big hug that he scarcely seemed to notice—he wasstill on guard. She quickly packed the tent. She didn’t wantto be around if the polar bear decided to return. She fedCharlie a few crackers and a peanut butter cup. They hadpassed their first test together on the Arctic ice.

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Use the announcement (p. 41) to answer questions 14–17.

17 Thayer could not have written Polar Dreamprior to 1988 because —

A no one had journeyed to the North Polebefore then

B she was still busy planning her trip to theSouth Pole

C the Visiting Writer Series had alreadybeen scheduled

D* she had not yet gone on her expedition tothe North Pole

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16 Paragraphs 2 and 3 of the announcement aremainly about —

F Thayer’s decision to take Charlie along onthe expedition

G* the contents of Thayer’s book about heradventure

H Thayer’s plans to journey to the SouthPole in Antarctica

J the sled Thayer used to carry her supplieson the journey

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15 Which of these is the best summary of theannouncement?

A In 1988 Helen Thayer became the firstwoman to travel alone to the North Pole.Her book Polar Dream is available at CityBookstore.

B Polar Dream is Helen Thayer’s story ofher journey to the North Pole. It includesa foreword by Sir Edmund Hillary, afellow adventurer and friend of Thayer’swho has also made a polar expedition.

C* Helen Thayer, the first woman to travelalone to the North Pole, will sign copiesand read from her book Polar Dream atthe City Bookstore on Saturday from10:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M. Polar Dream tellsthe story of Thayer’s 1988 Arcticadventure.

D Polar Dream is Helen Thayer’s personalstory of her 27-day trek to the North Polein 1988. It includes wonderful, detaileddescriptions of the Arctic as well as thestories of her dangerous encounters withpolar bears.

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14 Thayer wrote Polar Dream probably to —

F encourage the reader to go on anexpedition to the North Pole

G warn the reader of the dangers of polarbears in the Arctic

H* describe what it was like to travel to theNorth Pole

J explain how to survive an attack by apolar bear

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Use “Never, Ever Run” (pp. 42–43) to answer questions 18–22.

22 From her actions in paragraphs 4 through 8 ofthe story, Thayer can be described best as —

F determined to keep the bear fromattacking Charlie

G concerned for the safety of the motherbear and her cubs

H doubtful that she will be able to completeher expedition

J* calm in the face of a challenging situation

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21 From information about Helen Thayerprovided in the story, the reader can concludethat —

A Charlie had gone on many otheradventures with Thayer

B* Thayer had never encountered a polarbear before

C Thayer and Charlie were also threatenedby Arctic wolves

D Thayer had failed in a previous attempt totravel to the North Pole

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20 What is the importance of paragraph 4?

F* It shows that Thayer was prepared for apolar bear attack.

G It explains why Thayer decided to bringCharlie along with her.

H It demonstrates that Thayer is anexperienced polar bear hunter.

J It describes Thayer’s daily routine duringher adventure in the Arctic.

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19 The setting of the story is important becauseit helps the reader understand —

A what is important to remember whenthreatened by a polar bear

B how critical it was for Thayer to packextra food

C* the dangers and isolation Thayer faced onher journey to the North Pole

D how aggressive polar bears can be whenprotecting their young

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18 Read the following dictionary entry for theword report.

report \ri- port\ n 1. a verbal account ofan event or story 2. a written work relatinginformation about something 3. an officialrecord or transcript 4. an explosive noise

Which definition represents the meaning ofthe word report as used in paragraph 7 of thestory?

F Definition 1

G Definition 2

H Definition 3

J* Definition 4

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Use the announcement and “Never, Ever Run” to answer questions 23–26.

26 What is the most likely reason the Inuit bearhunter advised Thayer to take Charlie along?

F He thought Thayer would get lonely outon the ice.

G* He thought the dog could alert Thayer tonearby polar bears.

H He was afraid Thayer would get lostwithout someone to guide her.

J He thought the dog would be helpful inpulling Thayer’s supply sled.

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25 In what way does the story help convince thereader to attend Thayer’s book signing?

A* The story makes the reader interested inhearing more about Thayer’s adventures.

B The story invites others to join Thayer onher next expedition to the Arctic.

C The story shows how well Thayer writesabout her experiences.

D The story makes the reader wonder whathappened when Thayer encountered themother bear.

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24 How does the description of Thayer’sadventure in the story differ from that in theannouncement?

F The announcement does not includeinformation about Thayer’s encounterswith polar bears.

G* The story lets readers experience Thayer’sthoughts and emotions.

H The announcement includes informationon how Thayer survived in subzerotemperatures.

J The story does not tell about the helpThayer got from the Inuit bear hunter.

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23 Why was the Inuit bear hunter mentioned inboth the announcement and the story?

A He acted as Thayer’s guide in the Arctic.

B He helped Thayer write about heradventure.

C* He gave Thayer important advice.

D He taught Thayer how to train a dog foran expedition.

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New AdventuresA magazine for teens

It is a hot, dry June daydeep within the LincolnNational Forest. A fire spotterlooks through a telescope at aplume of smoke rising into thesummer sky. After watchingthe smoke for a few seconds,he feels certain that it is notfrom a campfire. Sitting in awatchtower more than 90 feetabove the ground, the spottergets on the radio. “Watchheadquarters, this is LookoutTower 7. I’ve got a visual on aline of smoke near the eastridge. It looks too heavy to bea campfire. Over.”

A nervous ranger 20 milesaway answers the call. “Acknowledged,Tower 7. What are the coordinates? Over.”

The spotter in Tower 7 has alreadytaken a reading with a special compasscalled an azimuth indicator to determinethe exact direction of the smoke. Back atheadquarters, the ranger in charge radiosa spotter plane to stand by. Calls come inquickly as lookout towers throughout thearea report the smoke. By using compassreadings from at least two of these towers,the rangers can plot the precise location ofthe fire—in this case, high up amountainside, deep within the forest.Checking a map, the rangers note that thefire is miles away from the closest trail orroad. Within minutes a spotter plane isdispatched on a reconnaissance mission. Itwill fly over the fire to determine its sizeand verify its location. Time is crucial.

With every second, the firemay be gaining size andstrength.

Rangers wait anxiouslyas the plane flies to thecalculated location. After 15minutes the pilot radios hisreport: The fire is small butgrowing. In the summerheat, with swirling windscarrying sparks to dry brushand leaves, it will soon getworse. The fire must becontained before it blazesout of control. The ranger incharge quickly makes adecision. She picks up thephone and says, “This is fire

headquarters at Lincoln. Send me somesmokejumpers.”

Smokejumpers are the Forest Service’sbest defense against fires located deepwithin the tree pack. When fires occurnear a road or trail, ground crews offirefighters called hotshots can controlthem. However, some fires can be reachedonly by the parachuting firefighters knownas smokejumpers.

Smokejumping is a risky occupation.Smokejumpers must parachute from lowaltitudes. They are trained in special jumptechniques to decrease injuries from low-altitude jumps. It would require valuabletime to transport smokejumpers to higheraltitudes, and their trip to the ground

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4

5

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■ see Firefighters, page 2

Firefighters from the Sky

July Issue

Photo courtesy of © Kevin R. Morris/CORBIS.

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would take longer as well. Smokejumpersare often forced to parachute into tree-filled areas. Getting snagged in a tree inthe middle of a forest fire is extremelydangerous.

Once on the ground, smokejumpersface other dangers. Fires devour largeamounts of oxygen and produce poisonousgases, making it hard for firefighters tobreathe. Sometimes unpredictable windscan shift fires quickly and unexpectedly,encircling a firefighter within walls offlames. As a fire feeds off the abundantsupply of air brought in by the wind, it canrapidly grow in size and strength.Firefighters call this a firestorm.

Unlike city firefighters, who normallyuse water to extinguish flames,smokejumpers must put out fires withonly the equipment they can carry or thatcan be dropped to them from planes. Theydo this by building firebreaks. Firebreaksare areas that have been stripped of trees,brush, and other vegetation. By creatingareas where there is nothing for a fire toburn, firefighters are often able to stop thefire. Smokejumpers usually buildfirebreaks with a special tool called aPulaski. It is a combination ax and hoeused by almost all forest firefighters. Thistool is named after Edward Pulaski, aforest ranger who made the first one byhand back in the early 1900s.

In addition to the Pulaski,smokejumpers carry shovels, walkie-talkies, and equipment for descendingfrom trees. They wear hard hats with wireface masks and headlamps and use speciallightweight uniforms that are highlyvisible. These uniforms are padded andfire retardant. Perhaps the most vitalpiece of equipment, however, is the specialfire-resistant tent carried by all

smokejumpers. This shelter, large enoughfor only one person, unfolds quickly andcan reflect as much as 1,600 degrees ofheat. Fire cannot permeate this protectiveshield. Inside the temperature will not riseabove 200 degrees—survivable for a shorttime although extremely uncomfortable.The tent is a smokejumper’s onlyprotection should he or she becometrapped in a firestorm.

Fighting forest fires is a team effort.Smokejumpers work along with spottersand ground crews. Planes drop in suppliesof water and food to help keep thesmokejumpers going. While fighting a fire,they can expend as many as 8,000 caloriesa day, more than four times what mostadults eat during a typical day. Airplanesand helicopters also play an integral partin extinguishing forest fires. These planesand helicopters can drop large amounts ofwater and fire-suppressing chemicals onfires that are too large to control withfirebreaks. Without the combined efforts ofall these firefighters, many more acres oftimber would be lost each year.

The nation’s forests are an extremelyvaluable resource. A large out-of-controlforest fire can destroy hundreds of years ofgrowth in just a few hours. It can takedecades for trees to grow back andcompletely replenish a burned area. It isthe job of smokejumpers to protect thisvaluable resource. These brave men andwomen operate out of 11 bases in theUnited States. Though they work mostlyin the West, smokejumpers are ready torespond anywhere in the country. Duringthe hot, dry summer months, they arealways on call, ready to fly into hard-to-reach areas to do battle with fire.

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■ Firefighters, cont’d from page 1 Page 2

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28 Paragraphs 8 and 9 are mainly about —

F* the methods and equipment used bysmokejumpers

G how smokejumpers build firebreaks tostop fires

H the forest ranger who invented thePulaski tool

J the special lightweight uniforms worn bysmokejumpers

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27 Read this portion of an outline of informationfrom this selection.

Which information belongs in the blank?

A Telescope

B Firebreak

C* Shovel

D Compass

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II. Smokejumpers

A. Equipment

1. Pulaski

2.

3. Walkie-talkies

4. Fire-resistant tent

31 In paragraph 11, what does the wordreplenish mean?

A Get below

B Break through

C Live within

D* Fill again

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29 Which sentence in the selection supports theidea that most forest fires occur during thesummer?

A A fire spotter looks through a telescope at aplume of smoke rising into the summersky.

B It is a hot, dry June day deep within theLincoln National Forest.

C The fire must be contained before it blazesout of control.

D* During the hot, dry summer months, theyare always on call, ready to fly into hard-to-reach areas to do battle with fire.

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30 From information about controlling forestfires provided in this selection, the reader canconclude that —

F smokejumpers use firebreaks only as alast resort

G* lookout towers are located throughoutlarge forests

H fires often go out on their own beforesmokejumpers arrive

J smokejumpers are used to fight only verysmall forest fires

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36 What can the reader conclude aboutsmokejumpers?

F* Smokejumpers must be in excellentphysical condition.

G Edward Pulaski was the Forest Service’sfirst smokejumper.

H Smokejumpers work as spotters beforebecoming firefighters.

J Hotshots are teams made up of the verybest smokejumpers.

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35 Why does the ranger in charge wait for othertowers to report the fire before sending thespotter plane out?

A The lookout who works in Lookout Tower 7 is too far from the fire to tellwhere it is.

B The fire must be large enough to be seenfrom at least two towers before a planecan be sent out.

C Lookout Tower 7’s azimuth indicator is oldand may not be working properly.

D* Readings from more than one lookouttower are needed to determine a fire’sexact location.

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34 Smokejumpers strip an area of trees, brush,and other vegetation to —

F store their supplies

G* keep a fire from spreading

H build a shelter

J create a road for fire trucks

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33 Smokejumpers are usually not able to usewater to control fires because —

A water would cause trees and vegetation togrow back in the firebreak

B* there are no sources of water nearby andno pumping equipment

C water is not an effective method of puttingout wood-fueled fires

D the tremendous heat would quickly burnthrough the fire hoses

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32 From information about our nation’s forestsprovided in this selection, the reader canconclude that —

F there is at least one smokejumper baselocated in every forest

G* most of the forestland in the UnitedStates is located in the West

H most forest fires occur as the result of alightning strike

J the largest forest in the United States isLincoln National Forest

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A Walk on the Long Stone SerpentMy notes about what I am

reading1 We landed in Beijing early in the afternoon. Our guide,

Mr. Lao, met us, and we departed right away for the GreatWall. We had been told that very few Chinese people ownedcars, but you wouldn’t have known it by looking at theroads. Cars were jammed bumper to bumper in everydirection, along with what must have been millions ofbicycles and pedestrians. Horns blared furiously, andfrustrated traffic police blew their whistles and gesturedfrantically while being completely ignored by everyone. Yetwe somehow managed to crawl through the city. An hourlater we were speeding toward the Junshanling section ofthe wall, bouncing along the rugged highway. I felt a littledisoriented. Back in Houston it was the middle of the night,and my body kept insisting I should be asleep.

2 The sun was setting a couple of hours later when wecaught our first sight of the wall silhouetted against a red-orange sky. Stretching out in both directions as far as Icould see, the wall snaked along mountainsides and downsteep valleys. I had read that the wall was the longeststructure ever built, but it wasn’t until that moment that Ireally understood its magnitude. The long stone serpent, asthe peasants refer to it, was built to protect the ChineseEmpire from invasion by foreign enemies. More than 2,000 years later, outlined against the evening sky, the wallremained an impressive sight.

3 Eventually Mr. Lao had to stop the van, and we hikedthe rest of the way. Toting our camping gear and suppliesup the steep, narrow trail, we reached the base of the walla half-hour later. We rested at the foot of a watchtower, oneof hundreds that rise above the wall about every 200 feet. I



Page 52 GO ON

put my hand on a huge granite block and found myselfwondering about the hands that had placed it therethousands of years ago. I remembered reading that Chinesepeasants had been forced to build the wall, carrying instones and other materials on their backs. I closed my eyesand tried to visualize those men and women who hundredsof years ago had struggled up the path I had just climbedand who had carried the very stones I was now seeing inthe wall. I pictured thousands of suffering workers, manyof whom were injured or had died while building the wall.It seemed impossible to believe that such a brutal processcould have continued for hundreds of years and almost 4,000 miles.

4 Mr. Lao led us through the watchtower and up to thetop of the wall. It felt as if we had been transported back intime to the Ming dynasty, when Mongolian troopsthreatened to overrun the empire. As if reading my mind,Mr. Lao pointed out the stone hearths used to communicateacross great distances. He explained that when enemysoldiers were sighted, guards in the watchtowers wouldburn wolf paws to produce blue smoke. This would alertguards in nearby watchtowers, who would in turn pass theinformation along in the same way. Soon even the mostdistant parts of the wall would know that enemy soldierswere preparing to invade.

5 Light was fading quickly as we started unpacking ourgear. It somehow felt wrong to be camping here. I felt likean interloper, trespassing on this legendary place. We wereexhausted from our long flight and decided to go to sleepearly. Too tired to worry about dinner, we said good nightand crawled into our sleeping bags. I went to sleep lookingup at more stars than I’d ever seen and thinking about thismysterious land I had entered. A new millennium haddawned, yet we still knew so little about the people, theculture, or the history of China. It remained secluded—afiercely private society shielded from the outside world.

6 I woke up later feeling suddenly aware of where I was.The moonlight made it easy to see, and I decided to take awalk. I passed through the watchtower just ahead and thenanother, and another. There was practically no sound, nonight birds singing, no leaves rustling in the breeze, onlymy footsteps echoing off the surrounding mountains. Thewatchtowers stretched out ahead of me. I could havewalked for weeks and not reached the last one.

7 A mournful cry stopped me. Was it a wolf? I looked backand realized I could no longer see our camp. I slowlystarted back. I found myself thinking about the legend Mr. Lao had told us earlier that night. A young prince had



Page 53 GO ON

angered the emperor and was sentenced to work buildingthe wall as punishment. That winter the prince’s devotedwife traveled through a bitter storm to bring him warmclothing. When at last she found his camp, she was toldthat her husband had died of starvation and overwork. Hisbody had been entombed in the wall. Filled with grief anddespair, she had wandered along the wall hoping somehowto recover his body for a proper burial. According to thelegend, her cries were so heartfelt and tormented that thewall cracked itself open and revealed the bones of herhusband.

8 I stopped and looked out over the side, feeling terriblyinsignificant and small in this place, this final home togenerations of past souls—soldiers and slaves, peasantsand princes. Millions had toiled to build this imposingstructure, this Great Wall, possibly as many as threemillion at a time. Mr. Lao says that hundreds of thousandsof their bodies are buried within its foundations. Nowonder villagers call it the wall of men’s bodies andwomen’s tears. Standing there, I realized that the humancost was more stirring than the wall itself. I started backtoward camp, walking quietly and quickly until I spottedour tents.

08ER0101M


38 What causes the narrator to remember thelegend of the young prince?

F The narrator reads a story that is similarto the legend.

G The narrator has a dream about theyoung prince and his wife.

H* The narrator hears a mysterious,mournful cry.

J The narrator longs to see friends andfamily back in Texas.

08ER03810EA01011-0101M

37 In paragraph 5, what does the word interlopermean?

A An investigator

B A student

C* An intruder

D A prisoner

08ER01806BZ01002-0101M

Photo courtesy of Larry Lee Photography/CORBIS.


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41 The author’s use of the first-person point ofview helps the reader understand —

A why the narrator wanted to visit theGreat Wall

B* the thoughts and feelings of the narrator

C Mr. Lao’s attitude about the Great Wall

D how the Chinese peasants felt about thewall

08ER02812JZ01013-0101M

40 What word describes the mood that the authorestablishes at the beginning of paragraph 7?

F* Eerie

G Peaceful

H Indifferent

J Joyful

08ER04812KZ01020-0101M

39 In paragraph 5, the word secluded means —

A* hidden or separated

B beautiful

C strong and determined

D primitive

08ER01809BZ01004-0101M

43 The author probably wrote this selection to —

A give the reader a complete history of theGreat Wall

B entertain the reader with ancient Chineselegends

C* describe the emotional experience ofwalking on the Great Wall

D persuade the reader to visit the GreatWall in the near future

08ER03812AZ01012-0101M

42 Which sentence from this selection supportsthe idea that the author knew somethingabout the Great Wall before this visit?

F* I remembered reading that Chinesepeasants had been forced to build the wall,carrying in stones and other materials ontheir backs.

G We had been told that very few Chinesepeople owned cars, but you wouldn’t haveknown it by looking at the roads.

H As if reading my mind, Mr. Lao pointedout the stone hearths used to communicateacross great distances.

J I found myself thinking about the legendMr. Lao had told us earlier that night.

08ER04811CZ01017-0101M

44 In paragraph 1, the narrator feels disorientedbecause —

F he is nervous about all the bicycles on theroad

G* he has not adjusted to the time differencebetween Beijing and Houston

H he is not used to the heavy traffic inBeijing

J he is worried that Mr. Lao is ignoring theinstructions of the traffic police

08ER01810FB01006-0101M


48 Which sentence in this selection supports theidea that the narrator is sympathetic to thehardships faced by the peasants who built thewall?

F There was practically no sound, no nightbirds singing, no leaves rustling in thebreeze, only my footsteps echoing off thesurrounding mountains.

G A new millennium had dawned, yet westill knew so little about the people, theculture, or the history of China.

H The long stone serpent, as the peasantsrefer to it, was built to protect the ChineseEmpire from invasion by foreign enemies.

J* I stopped and looked out over the side,feeling terribly insignificant and small inthis place, this final home to generations ofpast souls—soldiers and slaves, peasantsand princes.

08ER04811CZ01016-0101M

47 In paragraph 8, what does it mean when thenarrator says “the human cost was morestirring than the wall itself ”?

A The narrator doesn’t believe the wall isreally the longest structure ever built.

B* The narrator believes that the wall is notas remarkable as the sacrifice of thepeople who built it.

C The narrator thinks that the trip to seethe wall was not worth the cost.

D The narrator thinks the wall didn’t costvery much to build because it was built bypeasants.

08ER02812FZ01009-0101M

46 What can the reader conclude from thenarrator’s statements about the Great Wall?

F The narrator is a Chinese Americanwhose ancestors built the Great Wall.

G* This is the first time the narrator hasvisited the Great Wall.

H The narrator has visited historic placessimilar to the Great Wall.

J The narrator is not very impressed by theGreat Wall.

08ER04810HZ01014-0101M

45 How does the narrator’s view of the wallchange by the end of the selection?

A The narrator is more impressed by theoverwhelming size of the wall after seeingit in person.

B The narrator understands that the wall isnothing more than stones and mortar.

C The narrator considers the wall one ofChina’s greatest accomplishments.

D* The narrator regards the wall as amemorial to those who built it.

08ER02812FZ01010-0101M

Page 55




Page 56


Page 57

SOCIAL STUDIES


Page 58


Page 59

Who served as president of the United Statesduring the Civil War?

A Thomas Jefferson

B Andrew Jackson

C James K. Polk

D* Abraham Lincoln

Social Studies Sample Item

DIRECTIONSRead each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answerdocument.

SAMPLE A


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The Albany Plan of Union

Use the cartoon and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

1 In this cartoon, what is Benjamin Franklin trying to tell the American colonies?

A* The only way to win the war against France is to fight together.

B Only the New England colonies will succeed in the war against the French.

C The only way for the colonies to survive is to surrender to the French.

D The South is the key to defending the colonies from France.

08ET05830BZ01272


Page 61 GO ON

2 The combination of resources, improvedtransportation, and technologicalbreakthroughs all contributed to the —

F Era of Good Feelings

G adoption of the gold standard

H* Industrial Revolution

J formation of agricultural cooperatives

08ET03814BZ01138

4 In the Gettysburg Address, President Lincolnsaid that Union soldiers had sacrificed theirlives to ensure that “government of the people,by the people, for the people shall not perishfrom the earth.” What type of government wasLincoln referring to?

F Monarchy

G Oligarchy

H Aristocracy

J* Democracy

08ET01808CZ01085

3 What factor was most important in growingcotton in the 1800s?

A* Slave labor

B Foreign investment

C Dry summers

D Improved transportation

08ET03813BZ01150


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5 What colonial claim about the BostonMassacre is supported by this illustration?

A Most of the American colonists in Bostonwere killed.

B* British soldiers fired on unarmedcolonists.

C There were more soldiers than civilians atthe Boston Massacre.

D Colonists were better equipped for warthan British soldiers were.

08ET05830FZ01296-0109

PatrickCarr

I was shot and killed by British soldiers

1770

JamesCaldwell

I was an innocent

bystander when I

was shot1770

SamuelGray

I was attacked

by British soldiers and died

1770

SamuelMaverick

Last thing I heard

was musket

fire1770

Crispus Attucks

Victim of the Boston Massacre

died1770

Victims of the Boston Massacre

Use the illustration and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

08ET0109


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7 One result of British regulations such as theSugar and Stamp Acts was America’sresentment of —

A foreign alliances

B locally appointed governing bodies

C* taxation without representation

D government control of speech

08ET03815AZ01145

6 Robert Fulton’s steamboat aided the economicdevelopment of the United States by —

F reducing traffic in the nation’s oceanharbors

G* making transportation on rivers moreefficient

H ending American dependence onEuropean shipping

J serving as a method of connectingCalifornia and the East Coast

08ET03828BZ01172


Page 64 GO ON

Use the chart and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

8 Based on the chart above, what conclusion can be drawn about railroad construction in the UnitedStates?

F Railroad construction gradually decreased after 1860.

G* As the country expanded, railroads became more important.

H Increased railroad usage contributed to the start of the Civil War.

J The steam locomotive was invented in 1830.

08ET02810BZ01095

U.S. Railroad Mileage 1830–1860

Year

1830

1840

1850

1860

23

2,818

9,021

30,626

Mileage

Source: Historical Statistics of the United States


Page 65 GO ON

9 Which of these would be the best title for theillustration above?

A Divine Nature

B Survival of the Fittest

C* Manifest Destiny

D Universal Expansion

08ET05830BZ01090-0101

Use the illustration and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

08ET0101


Page 66 GO ON

11 The Proclamation of 1763 stated that colonistscould not settle beyond which of the followinggeographical features?

A Mississippi River

B Great Plains

C* Appalachian Mountains

D Rocky Mountains

08ET02812AZ01118

10 The reason that the Mayflower colonistssigned the Mayflower Compact in 1620 was to —

F agree to share colonial lands

G* form a social contract for self-government

H appoint a governor for their colony

J regulate the activities of local NativeAmericans

08ET04803BZ01197

13 The U.S. Constitution maintains a republicansystem of government through the —

A president’s power to veto acts of Congress

B appointment of federal judges to life terms

C* election of representatives who make laws

D creation of a presidential cabinet

08ET04816DZ01212

Use the excerpt and your knowledge of socialstudies to answer the following question.

My motive and object in all my politicalworks, beginning with Common Sense, the first work I ever published, have been to rescueman from tyranny and false systems . . . ofgovernment, and enable him to be free. . . .

— Thomas Paine, 1806

12 An important effect of Common Sense wasthat it persuaded many —

F* ordinary people to support independencefrom Great Britain

G rich merchants to leave the colonies

H loyalists to support the king

J loyalists and patriots to unite againstGreat Britain

08ET05830AZ01266


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14 Based on the cartoon, which of the following best explains the impact of the Monroe Doctrine?

F The United States would not allow foreign nations to form alliances.

G* The United States would not allow further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

H The United States would serve as a negotiator between European nations.

J The United States would protect the economic interests of Europe.

08ET01805EZ01039


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18 In 1787 many of the delegates to theConstitutional Convention opposedratification of the U.S. Constitution because ofits failure to —

F* include a bill of rights

G reduce states’ rights

H eliminate slavery

J establish a foreign-trade policy

08ET01804DZ01404

17 One reason freedom of the press was includedin the Bill of Rights was the important rolenewspapers played in —

A alerting the British troops about thecolonists’ activities

B publishing battle plans and detailed maps

C* spreading information and helping unifythe colonies

D spreading Loyalist propaganda

08ET04822BZ01255

16 In 1803 Thomas Jefferson made one of hismost important contributions as presidentwhen he —

F wrote the Declaration of Independence

G became the leader of the Democratic-Republican Party

H founded the University of Virginia

J* purchased the Louisiana Territory fromFrance

08ET01801CZ01011

Use the information in the box and yourknowledge of social studies to answer thefollowing question.

Checks and Balances

A system by which each branch of governmentlimits the power of the other branches

15 Which of these is an example of the system ofchecks and balances?

A Congress can regulate industry.

B Governors can pardon federal prisoners.

C* The president can veto bills passed byCongress.

D The Supreme Court can impeachmembers of Congress.

08ET04816DZ01211

One Principle of the U.S. Constitution


Page 69 GO ON

App

alac

hian

Mou

ntai

ns

Colonial Economic Life

Shipbuilding

Fishing

Whaling

Naval supplies

Furs

Iron goods

Forestry

Tobacco

Rice

Indigo

ME

NH

MA

(MA)

CTNY

PA NJ

GA

SC

NC

VA

MD

N

S

W E

RIRI

DEDE

Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

19 Which region was mainly involved in shipbuilding, forestry, and fishing?

A Middle colonies

B Southern colonies

C* New England

D Western frontier

08ET02810BZ01116


Page 70 GO ON

20 What natural barrier would a pioneertraveling west to California encounter that apioneer traveling to Oregon would not?

F Great Plains

G Mississippi River

H Rocky Mountains

J* Sierra Nevada

08ET02811AZ01101-0104

Rio

Grande

Platte Ri ver

Missis

sippiR

iver

GreatPlains

SierraNevada

RockyMountains

AppalachianMountains

SierraNevada

RockyMountains

AppalachianMountains

Major Rivers and Landforms of the Continental United States

EW

N

S

Key

Santa Fe Trail

Missouri River

Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

08ET0104


Page 71 GO ON

24 Anti-Federalists had many of their concernsabout the U.S. Constitution satisfied throughthe approval of the —

F* Bill of Rights

G electoral college

H Three-Fifths Compromise

J Treaty of Paris

08ET04818AZ01200

Use the diagram and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

21 Which of these would complete the diagram?

A Alien and Sedition Acts

B* U.S. Constitution

C Magna Carta

D Declaration of Independence

08ET05830BZ01228

Weaknesses of the Articles ofConfederation

Shays’s Rebellion

Desire for a strong national government ?

Use the information in the box and yourknowledge of social studies to answer thefollowing question.

• Smaller navy

• Fewer railroads

• ?

22 Which item would best complete the list?

F Inexperienced military leaders

G* Lack of industries

H Larger population

J Lack of agricultural land

08ET01808BZ01271

Disadvantages of the SouthDuring the Civil War

23 In the early 1800s power looms transformedthe textile industry and provided new jobopportunities for —

A* young women

B African American men

C Italian immigrants

D Native Americans

08ET03829CZ01187


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26 Which of the following would provide the bestprimary source material about the works ofAbraham Lincoln?

F A biography of Lincoln

G An interview with a descendant of Lincoln

H* A collection of speeches written by Lincoln

J A historical analysis of theLincoln–Douglas debates

08ET05830AZ01264

25 Alexander Hamilton promoted what type ofeconomic system for the United States?

A* Free enterprise

B Agricultural

C Command

D Mercantilist

08ET03815AZ01144

28 One result of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)was —

F a resumption of the international slavetrade

G* greater tension between slave states andfree states

H the creation of separate-but-equal publicfacilities for whites and blacks

J the end of Reconstruction in the South

08ET04819BZ01239

27 Which of the following lists shows the correctorder in which these presidents served?

A George WashingtonAndrew JacksonThomas JeffersonJames Monroe

B George WashingtonJames MonroeAndrew JacksonThomas Jefferson

C George WashingtonThomas JeffersonAndrew JacksonJames Monroe

D* George WashingtonThomas JeffersonJames MonroeAndrew Jackson

08ET01801BZ01274


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31 In 1787 Congress established a systemfor creating new states from westernterritories —

A through the Monroe Doctrine

B* through the Northwest Ordinance

C with the Treaty of Paris

D with the approval of the Three-FifthsCompromise

08ET01806AZ01055

30 The first three words of the U.S. Constitution,“We the people,” express the idea of popularsovereignty. Popular sovereignty is the beliefthat the people hold the —

F* final authority in government

G power to elect judges to the U.S. SupremeCourt

H authority to break laws established for thecommon good

J power to elect the president directly

08ET04816DZ01214


29 This cartoon represents the point of view of which reform movement?

A Child labor

B* Temperance

C Abolition

D Women’s rights

08ET03825BZ01161


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32 The Union general who accepted thesurrender of Robert E. Lee’s Confederatearmy at Appomattox Court House was —

F Ambrose Burnside

G George McClellan

H* Ulysses S. Grant

J William T. Sherman

08ET01808AZ01079


Page 75 GO ON

33 Which event in U.S. history would best complete the box above?

A Nullification Crisis

B* American Revolution begins

C Purchase of the Louisiana Territory

D Completion of the Erie Canal

08ET01801BZ01006

French andIndian War

begins1754

Stamp Act1765

?

U.S.Constitution

written1787

GeorgeWashingtontakes oathof office

1789

Cotton gininvented

1793

Use the time line and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.


Page 76 GO ON

36 Which of the following is an example ofexercising the right to free speech?

F Lying in a court case to protect a friend

G* Protesting a government policy

H Falsely accusing someone of a crime

J Threatening to hurt someone

08ET04822BZ01253

35 King John of England signed the Magna Cartain 1215. What idea did the Founding Fathersborrow from this document to include in theBill of Rights?

A* People accused of a crime have a right to atrial by a jury of their equals.

B People accused of a crime will beimprisoned until proven innocent.

C People have only those individual rightsgranted to them by the king.

D People must be born in a country to havethe rights of a citizen.

08ET04816AZ01400

34 The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point inthe American Revolution because —

F the colonists were defeated and lostpossession of New York

G Native Americans joined the war againstthe colonies during the battle

H Great Britain was forced to form analliance with France against the colonies

J* the colonial victory convinced France tosupport American independence

08ET01804CZ01025

37 The Virginia Company established the Houseof Burgesses in 1619, which —

A was the first government to have apresident

B established the doctrine of separation ofpowers

C had the power to veto acts of Parliament

D* was the first representative legislature inthe English colonies

08ET04803BZ01196


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42 In the early 1800s, industrialization increasedin the United States because —

F European markets for American goodsexpanded

G higher prices required the creation of newfactories to provide jobs

H* interchangeable parts made theproduction of goods more efficient

J farming was no longer profitable

08ET03828DZ01183

41 During the 1700s and 1800s, Europeanmigration to North America resulted in NativeAmericans experiencing —

A* an extensive loss of land

B an improved standard of living

C an increase in population

D a loss of interest in religious activities

08ET02811CZ01146

40 Marbury v. Madison (1803) is considereda landmark U.S. Supreme Court casebecause it —

F demonstrated that the president had morepower than Congress

G* established the Court’s power of judicialreview

H held slavery to be unconstitutional

J expanded the size of the Court

08ET04819AZ01236

39 Some fugitive slaves fled to Canada ratherthan staying in northern states becauserunaway slaves —

A had fewer economic opportunities inCanada

B were needed to help populate rural areasin Canada

C could travel quickly up the MississippiRiver to Quebec

D* could be captured in the North andreturned to the South

08ET01807BZ01069

38 Which of these leaders is correctly identifiedwith his or her major contribution to U.S.society?

F James Monroe — wrote the Doctrine ofDivine Rights

G Frederick Douglass — fought forprohibition of alcohol

H* Elizabeth Cady Stanton — sought equalrights for women

J Harriet Beecher Stowe — wrote a bookpromoting slavery in the United States

08ET04823BZ01257


Page 78 GO ON

Use the illustration and your knowledge ofsocial studies to answer the followingquestion.

44 The accomplishments shown on the tombstoneare associated with —

F Benjamin Franklin

G* Thomas Jefferson

H James Madison

J John Adams

08ET01804BZ01276


Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to bepurchased at the price of chains and slavery? . . .I know not what course others may take; but asfor me, give me liberty, or give me death!

— Patrick Henry, 1775

43 Based on this excerpt, a reader can concludethat Patrick Henry believed —

A the colonists would be labeled traitors

B negotiating with Great Britain wasnecessary

C* freedom was worth dying for

D loyalists would join the patriot cause

08ET05830DZ01284


46 Which area on the map was acquired by theUnited States as a result of the Mexican War?

F Area 1

G Area 2

H Area 3

J* Area 4

08ET02806EZ01086-0102

Area 4

Area 2

Area 3

Area 1

The United States: 1789–1853

N

S

W E

Use the map and your knowledge of socialstudies to answer the following question.

08ET0102


By the rude bridge that arched the flood,Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,Here once the embattled farmers stoodAnd fired the shot heard round the world.

— Ralph Waldo Emerson,Excerpt from “Concord Hymn”

45 These lines of poetry by Ralph Waldo Emersonrefer to the —

A Native American struggle against whitesettlers

B North’s battle to restore the Union

C* American fight for independence fromGreat Britain

D clash over landholdings in Mexico

08ET05830BZ01270

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Page 80




The Cherokee nation . . . is a distinctcommunity, occupying its own territory . . .which the citizens of Georgia have no right toenter but with the assent [agreement] of theCherokees themselves. . . .

— Worcester v. Georgia, 1832

48 In Worcester v. Georgia the U.S. SupremeCourt ruled in favor of the Cherokee nation.However, President Andrew Jackson refusedto enforce the ruling, and the result was the —

F* Trail of Tears

G Missouri Compromise

H Bleeding Kansas conflict

J Texas Revolution

08ET01805GZ01049

47 One of the most popular and influentialAmerican novels of the 1800s was HarrietBeecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Itaddresses the topic of —

A women’s suffrage

B industry

C* slavery

D westward movement

08ET03824EZ01154





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Grade 8 MATH TAKS Test Spring 2003

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