History of Nursing History of Nursing Occupations Occupations

Present by Rida’ M, S.Kep,Ns

Who were..Who were..

the first the first ‘‘nurses’?nurses’?

SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PERAWAT DI DUNIAPERAWAT DI DUNIA

Seiring itu, makin berkembangnya Seiring itu, makin berkembangnya perkembangan keperawatan di Asia perkembangan keperawatan di Asia dan di Timur Tengah.dan di Timur Tengah.

Ingat zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW Ingat zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW menyebarkan Agama Islam diikuti menyebarkan Agama Islam diikuti perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan imu kesehatandan imu kesehatan

Dalam Al Qur’an pun ditulis Dalam Al Qur’an pun ditulis pentingnya kebersihan (thaharah)pentingnya kebersihan (thaharah)

Tokoh Islam Keperawatan: Tokoh Islam Keperawatan: “Rufaidah”“Rufaidah”

Throughout the middle ages, care was Throughout the middle ages, care was provided primarily by religious ordersprovided primarily by religious orders to to sick and poorsick and poor

Some of the earliest nurses were nuns. Some of the earliest nurses were nuns. Sisters of mercy order originated in 1830s Sisters of mercy order originated in 1830s

by roman catholic church in Dublin (still by roman catholic church in Dublin (still exists today)exists today)

No specific training was No specific training was required for someone to required for someone to become a nursebecome a nurse

Wealthy individuals received Wealthy individuals received care at home by doctorscare at home by doctors

During the Middle ages continued…

Besides nuns, other early nurses included:

Women of ill reputeWomen of ill reputePoor, single women with Poor, single women with no family or hope of no family or hope of marriagemarriage

Prisoners, servants and Prisoners, servants and slavesslaves

Nursing prior to the late 1800s:Nursing prior to the late 1800s: Required no specialized Required no specialized

trainingtraining Paid badly, if at allPaid badly, if at all Was considered Was considered

unrespectableunrespectable Carried out under deplorable Carried out under deplorable

conditionsconditions Was NOT regarded as A Was NOT regarded as A

professionprofession Often did little to help Often did little to help

patients recoverpatients recover

Nursing as a professionNursing as a profession

Emerged in late 19Emerged in late 19thth century century Credit is given to Florence Credit is given to Florence

NightingaleNightingale

Who was Who was Florence Nightingale?Florence Nightingale?

She was born in 1820 and died in 1910She was born in 1820 and died in 1910 Born in Italy to wealthy English parentsBorn in Italy to wealthy English parents Frustrated by lack of options for women of her Frustrated by lack of options for women of her

social backgroundsocial background Defied parents and society and traveled to Defied parents and society and traveled to

Germany and throughout Europe to train as a Germany and throughout Europe to train as a nursenurse

Her big opportunity came when the Crimean Her big opportunity came when the Crimean war broke out in 1854war broke out in 1854

During Crimean WarDuring Crimean War::

Secretary of War asked her to go take Secretary of War asked her to go take charge of the hospital at Scutari in Turkey.charge of the hospital at Scutari in Turkey.

Nightingale showed up with 38 trained Nightingale showed up with 38 trained nurses and faced a death rate of 40%nurses and faced a death rate of 40%

She was met by patients lying on boards She was met by patients lying on boards among piles of filth, patients received only among piles of filth, patients received only one meal a day, no supplies, no sanitation, one meal a day, no supplies, no sanitation, and hostility from army doctorsand hostility from army doctors

Her accomplishments at Scutari in two years Her accomplishments at Scutari in two years included:included:

Death rate decreased to 2%Death rate decreased to 2% She established cleanliness and She established cleanliness and

sanitation rules sanitation rules Patients received special dietsPatients received special diets

and plenty of foodand plenty of food Improved water supplyImproved water supply Patients received proper nursing Patients received proper nursing

carecare Nightingale established a Nightingale established a

reputation which allowed her to reputation which allowed her to improve nursing standards at improve nursing standards at homehome

Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale Nightingale established nursing school at St. Nightingale established nursing school at St.

Thomas’ Hospital, London upon return Thomas’ Hospital, London upon return By 1887, Nightingale had her nurses By 1887, Nightingale had her nurses

working in six countries and U.S.working in six countries and U.S. Nightingale developed basic philosophy Nightingale developed basic philosophy re: the profession of nursing different from re: the profession of nursing different from

other existing programsother existing programs Nightingale was a nurse, philosopher, Nightingale was a nurse, philosopher,

statistician, historian, politician and morestatistician, historian, politician and more Today Nightingale is considered the Today Nightingale is considered the

founder of modern nursingfounder of modern nursing

Nightingales ‘7’ basic tenets were that:Nightingales ‘7’ basic tenets were that: 1. The content of nursing education must be defined by 1. The content of nursing education must be defined by

nurses.nurses.

2. Nurse educators are responsible for the nursing care 2. Nurse educators are responsible for the nursing care provided by students and graduates of the nursing program. provided by students and graduates of the nursing program.

3. Educators should be trained nurses themselves.3. Educators should be trained nurses themselves.

4. Nursing schools should be separate entities, not connected 4. Nursing schools should be separate entities, not connected with physicians or hospitals.with physicians or hospitals.

Nightingale’s BNightingale’s Basic tenets continued..asic tenets continued.. 5. Nurses should be prepared with advanced 5. Nurses should be prepared with advanced

education and should engage in continuing education and should engage in continuing education throughout their careers.education throughout their careers.

6. Nursing involves both sick nursing and 6. Nursing involves both sick nursing and healthy nursing and includes the environment as healthy nursing and includes the environment as well as the patient (holism).well as the patient (holism).

7. Nursing must include theory.7. Nursing must include theory.

SEJARAH KEPERAWATAN DALAM ISLAMSEJARAH KEPERAWATAN DALAM ISLAM

Rufaidah binti Sa’adRufaidah binti Sa’ad Lahir di Yatsrib sebelum HijrahLahir di Yatsrib sebelum Hijrah Wanita Anshar yang pertama-tama Wanita Anshar yang pertama-tama

masuk Islammasuk Islam Ayahnya seorang dokter Ayahnya seorang dokter belajar belajar

ilmu kedokteran dari ayahnya.ilmu kedokteran dari ayahnya.

Sifat RufaidahSifat Rufaidah

Baik hati Baik hati human touchhuman touch EmpatiEmpati LeaderLeader dan dan OrganizerOrganizer yang baik yang baik Mobilisator yang baikMobilisator yang baik

Peran RufaidahPeran Rufaidah1.1. Masa perang, mendirikan tenda Masa perang, mendirikan tenda

untuk merawat korban peranguntuk merawat korban perang2.2. Di luar masa perang mendirikan Di luar masa perang mendirikan

tenda di luar mesjid untuk merawat tenda di luar mesjid untuk merawat yang sakit.yang sakit.

3.3. Mendirikan sekolah perawat untuk Mendirikan sekolah perawat untuk wanita wanita diperbantukan saat perang diperbantukan saat perang

4.4. Meletakkan dasar kode etik , bukan Meletakkan dasar kode etik , bukan berdasar nilai sekuler tetapi berdasar nilai sekuler tetapi berdasar nilai keagamaan.berdasar nilai keagamaan.

5.5. Perawat masyarakat dan pekerja Perawat masyarakat dan pekerja sosialsosial

Tugas Perawat Saat Perang Tugas Perawat Saat Perang Jaman Rasulullah SAWJaman Rasulullah SAW Memberikan air kepada yang sakit Memberikan air kepada yang sakit

dan terlukadan terluka Mengangkut yang terluka ke tendaMengangkut yang terluka ke tenda Mengobati yang sakitMengobati yang sakit Memberikan kenyamananMemberikan kenyamanan Memulangkan yang gugur Memulangkan yang gugur

ke Madinahke Madinah

Task :Task :Make a paper about history nursing Make a paper about history nursing in Indonesiain Indonesia

Velpleger = Velpleger = perawat Indonesia perawat Indonesia Zikeken Oppaser=Zikeken Oppaser= penjaga orang sakit penjaga orang sakit Binnen Hospital Binnen Hospital di Jakarta 1799 di Jakarta 1799 Startverband 1819 di Jakarta Startverband 1819 di Jakarta Pindah ke Salemba 1919 skrg jd RSCMPindah ke Salemba 1919 skrg jd RSCM 1952 sekolah perawat 1952 sekolah perawat 1985 Diploma UI1985 Diploma UI