induarial trainin report

L.E.S.L

COOPLAG GARDEN ESTATE FOUR MONTH INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

SUBMITED IN THE FULFILMENT OF THE REQUEST FOR

FOUR MONTH INDUSTIAL TRAINING

AT

LEGRANDE ENGINEERING SERVICES LIMIDED

(FROM 27 AUG 2015 TO 31 NOV 2015) SUBMITED BY

ABDULRAZAK YUSUF

KPT/C0E/13/5797

CIVIL ENGINEERIG DEPERTMENT

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC KADUNA

KADUNA STATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at L.E.S.L.

I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a Training letter, whichmade my training possible at LEGRANDE ENGINEERING SERVICES LTD.

I would like to express my gratitude to ENGR.NNADI UCHE for his invaluable suggestions, motivation,guidance and support through out the training. His methodology to start from simple ant then deepen through made me to bring out this project report without anxiety.

Thanks to all other L.E.S.L officials, operators and all other members of L.E.S.L, yet uncounted for their help in completing the SIWES PROGRAM and see the light of success.I am very thankful to friends, colleagues and all other persons who rendered their assistance directly or indirectly to complete this project work successfully.

I extended my due thanks to DEACON JIDE DUROJAIY(M/D) who gave mevaluable time and suggestions and guide me a lot at various stages of my Industrial Training.

Dated-NOVEMBER 2015

INDEX

COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING Page 2

S.NO DESCRIPTION 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTION

2.0 INTRODUCTION3.0 STUDENT INORMATION4.0 INFORMATION OF PROJECT5.0 SITE LAYOUT6.0 STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION WORK7.0 Methodology Of Work

A) Site Clearance B) Positioning Of Coordinate C) Excavation D) BLINDING E) Raft Foundation F) Construction Of Pedestal G) Construction Of Plinth Beam H) Column Construction Beam And Slab J) Stair And

8.0 ESTERBLISHMENT AT SITE

9.0 INFORMATION ABOUT 10.0 INFORMATION ABOUT TEST

11.0 INFORMATION ABOUT EQUEPMENT

12.0 SAFEFTY MEASURE AND CAPAIGN

13.0 Inspection and Quality Control 14.0 SITE DRAWING

15.0 OVERALL BENEFITS OF TRAINING 16.0 CONCLUTION 17.0 REFRENCES

1.0 GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Practical Training Conducted By The Engineering And Non Engineering Students At The Respective Industrial Units Related To Their Subjects Is Termed As "Industrial Training". For Example A Civil Engineering Student Requires Practical Exposure At The Building Construction Sites, Road Construction Projects Etc.


The Industry-Institute Interaction Is A Need Of The Hour. No Institute Or Technical Board Could Ever Boast Of A Perfect Syllabi Scheme Without The Inclusion Of Industrial Training Format. The Industrial Training Is A Part Of Continuous Learning Process. So This Field Exposure That Uplifts The Knowledge And Experience Of Students Needs To Be Properly Documented In The Form Of Report, Which Can Be Termed As “Industrial Report". A Properly Prepared Industrial Training Report Can Facilitate The Presentation Of The Field Experience Is An Orderly, Precise And Interesting Manner, Which Can Off Course Well Serve As A Guide To The New Entrant Engineers. The Purpose Of Industrial Training As:-1) To Provide Field Exposure To The Students.2) To Have Better Understanding Of Engineering Practices.3) To Make Them Adapt To Industrial Conditions.4) To Provide Opportunities To The Students To Handle Tasks Independently.5) To Help Students To Understand About The Duties Of An Engineer And Other Supervisory Staff In An Organization.6) To Make Them Aware With The Common Industrial Problems.7) To Impart Intensive Training To The Students To Enable Them To Learn And Use Working Of Latest Field Equipments Machine.

2.0 INFORMATION ABOUT COMPANY


AboutLegrande Engineering Services Limited is a multi disciplinary engineering construction company.

The company is involved in the following activities:

Estate development - design, construction & management

Design & construction of roads - urban and rural

Design & construction of drainage works

Water supply & treatments works

Sewage treatment works

Bore hole projects - supervision, monitoring and consultancy

Drilling, maintenance and re-activation of bore holes


Pipe laying h- AC, PVC and Ductile Design and fabrication of storage tanks

Supply and installation of submersible pumps

Mechanical and Electrical installation works

The philosophy of Legrande Engineering Services Limited is to ensure environmentally friendly and unique solutions to all planned projects. The company identifies that success requires the development of human resources within a safe environment that encourages creativity and the enhancement of each employee's personal and professional standards. Therefore, at Legrande Engineering Services Limited, we engage extensively, state of the art computer and communications equipment, thereby enhancing project implementation and delivery.

We believe that in a dynamic and ever evolving world, new methods should be acquired. Thus, by constant training of our staff, in continued professional development

Programmers, we keep abreast of developments in the industry, ensuring effective and efficient project delivery standard.


3.0 Student Profile

1. Name of the student: YUSUF

2. Father's Name: Mr. ABDULRAZAK

3. College: KADUNA POLYTECHNIC

4. Class: CIVIL ENGINEERING

5.MATRIC NUMBER.: KPT/COE/13/5797

6. Date of Birth: 18/05/1994

7. Session/Year: 2014-15

8. Address of Communication: LAGOS STATE

9. Contact no: 07060948126

1O. E-mail Id: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

11. Name of organization L.E.S.L Construction

12. Period of Training: 27/07/2015 to 31/11/2015

4.INFORMATION OF PROJECT


4.TYPES OF BUILDING: TERECES AND SEMI-DITERCH 5.DATE OF START: JUNE-20156. STIPULATED DATE OFCOMPLETION: MARCH -20167.COMPLETION: (80% Work is Completed)

5.0 SITE LAYOUT

6.0 STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION WORKThese are the steps which are mainly followed for the beginning of construction.1) Types of building:- The types of building I the site here are semi-detach and terraces and it divided into 5 sections (A-E)2) Site Selection: - Site for construction of building can be selected according to theSpace required and whatever the area and the people demands, in accordance with the


Population and bearing in mind the geographical and industrial point of view for Further development3) Survey: - By survey we measure all the dimensions and plot the real position or place wherever we want to construct our structure. 4) Site Investigation: -By this we investigate about the type of the soil, bearing capacityOf the soil, nature of the bed, the topographical feature of the area, which in turn helpsthe structural engineer to design the foundation suitable for structure.5) Architectural Drawings: - Architectural drawings are the heart to the project, whichIs the master document or the copy with which we have to stick completely and doAccordingly; these drawings have all the plans and construction details about theParticular project.6) Structure Design: - Structural plan is the drawing that shows the reinforcement details which gives stability to the structures. It suggests the type of foundation, columns, beams and slabs etc. which are needed for the construction and also provides the amount of steel and reinforcement arrangement and its size.7) Construction: - After all these steps, Construction of the proposed project starts. The construction is done at the site in which different section is divided like Civil, Electrical and Mechanical work.7.0 Methodology of Worka) Site Clearance: - The very first step is site clearance which involves removal of grass /stump /trees and vegetation along with any other objections which might be there in the site location.

b) Positioning of Central coordinate and layout: - The centre point was marked withThe help of a TOTAL STATION thread and plumb bob as per the grid drawing. WithRespect to this centre point, all the other points of columns were to be decided so its exact Position is very critical.c) Excavation: - Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically.Adequate precautions are taken to see that the excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures. Excavation is carried out providing adequate side slopes andDressing of excavation bottom. The soil present beneath the surface was too clayey so it was dumped and was not used for back filling. The filling is done in layer not exceeding 20 cm layer and then it’s compacted. Depth of


excavation was 2.0 meter from Ground Level. There are some points which should be kept in mind at the time of excavation:-1. Upon identifying warning tape of any service, mechanical excavation shall be stoppedand manual excavation shall be done.2. In areas where the trench is close to the buildings, depending on the type ofFoundation of the building, shoring shall be done by planking, strutting or trenchSheets.3. In other areas it will be stepped open excavation with battered slopes.4. Dewatering system shall continue to run until backfilling is completed up to the levelof the natural water table.5. Bottom of the trench shall be cleaned, free of loose material; rock projections and thesurface will be levelled and moistened uniformly before commencing compaction.Levelled bottom surface shall be compacted as per the specification.

d) Blinding: - After the process of excavation, placing of plain cement concrete (blinding) is done. A layer of 100mm with projection was made in such a manner that it was not mixed with the soil. It provides a solid base for the raft foundation and a mix of 1:4:8 that is, 1 bag of cement to 4 parts of sand and 8 parts of coarse aggregates by weight were used in it. Plain concrete is vibrated to achieve full compaction. Concrete placed below ground should be protected from falling earth during and after placing. When joint in a layer of concrete are unavoidable, and end is sloped at an angle of 30 and junctions of different layers break joint in laying upper layer of concrete. The lower surface is made rough and clean watered before upper layer is laid.


e) Raft Foundation: - Raft foundations are used to distribute the load from aStructure over a large area. Normally raft foundation is used

Arrangement of reinforcement bars.


f) Raft Foundation Formwork:-This is a structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support unit is able to support itself. *Bars used--- 12mm for the Beams 10mm for Rings/stirrups

g) Casting Of Raft Foundation Beam Mix Ratio 1:4:8


h) Filling Of The Raft Foundation i) Compaction:- This the process of applying energy to loose soil to consolidate it and remove any any voids, thereby increasing the density and consequently its load-bearing capacity. Benefit of Compaction *Increase Load-bearing capacity *Prevents soil settlement (Better Stability) *Reduce water seepage *Reduce shrinkage and others j)Blinding:- After the process of filling, laying of plain cement concrete that is blinding is done. A layer of 100mm with projection was made in such a manner that it was not mixed with the soil. It provides a solid base for the raft foundation slab and a mix of 1:4:8 that is, 1 bag of cement to 4 parts of sand and 8 parts of coarse aggregates by weight were used in it. Plain concrete is vibrated to achieve full compaction. Concrete placed below ground should be protected from falling earth during and after placing. When joint in a layer of concrete are unavoidable, and end is sloped at an angle of 30 and junctions of different layers break joint in laying upper layer of concrete. The lower surface is made rough and clean watered before upper layer is laid.


k)Ground Floor Slab Reinforcement :- This the arrangement of steel bars that reinforces the columns and it transfer load to the foundation. Process Using of 12mm steel bars as top bars and retune bars. And use of binding wire to tie them together.

Mechanical and Electrical pipes

Casting of the Slab


l) Column: - A column is an important component of RCC structure. It is a verticalMember which is used to transfer the load of super structure such as super structure, floor, balconies, slab etc. The method of construction of column is follow:-I. Placing vertical steel of columns: - As according to structural drawing (columnSchedule) vertical bars were placed through top reinforcement of raft on thePosition marked earlier (6.5) above the bottom reinforcement of raft.II. Layout of columns: - After casting of raft again the layout of column is done inorder to check the actual position of vertical bars of columns. The layout is alsohelpful to place the shuttering on actual position, so that the column should be inproper position according to drawing (Column layout drawing).III. Bar binding and column starter: - Shear reinforcement was tied as according tostructural drawing (column schedule) up to the height determined from framingplan. At bottom instead of making column starter a T shaped bar was weld withvertical steel on the layout of column so the shuttering can be fixed on desiredaccurate position.

IV. Kickers:- This are the low plinth at the base of a column that alow the formwork to be fix easily

Formwork and a casted Kicker


Formwork:-This is a structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support unit is able to support itself.Plumb and Line were used to check the alignments

Casting of the column

j) Beams and Slab: - A structural member which supports lateral load andResist bending is known as beam. Slabs are plane structural member whose thickness is quite small as compared to its other dimension. Slab support mainly transverse loads and transfer them to end supports by bending action in one or more directions.


The steps which are followed for the construction of column are written as below:-

I. Fixing Beam bottom and slab formwork: - Beam bottoms are fixed along with the vertical reinforcement of columns using a specially made arrangement called “BEAM SUPPORTER”. Then sides of beams are fixed and then main slab’s shuttering is laid according to architectural drawing (framing plan). The gaps are filled and uniform horizontal platform is made to support the slab. Generally, beam bottom and slab’s shuttering is made of plywood (marine board) and rests on vertical steel pipe arrangement called “probes”. Note: All the sunken portions and sections according to co-ordinate framing plan should be taken into consideration while fixing the beam bottoms and slab’s shuttering.

II. Placing of reinforcement of beams and slab: - First of all reinforcement of primaryBeams is laid and then secondary beams on a certain height above the shuttering according to structural drawing (beam detail). After all beams are tied and are placed on their respective position slab reinforcement is laid according to structural drawing (slab reinforcement detail) and bar bending schedule. Cover blocks are placed in between shuttering and slabs reinforcement. Note: All the section should read carefully and dowel required for any section or staircase should be placed before casting.\

III. Leveling of slab: - To check exact level of slab (both bottom and top) a certain level is marked above the finished floor level on columns bars as convenient. A thread is tied throughout that mark on the column bars at the marked level and level of slab (bottom and top) is measured by measuring the perpendicular length from thread level to the top level of slab by the help of measuring tape or a graduated bar.

g) Construction of StairProperties of a flightStair: This is a series of steps that link from one level to anoder. Staircase: - A flight steps include landings rails stringers posts newel posts and balustrade. Form Work


Bar binding and Bending


8.0 Establishment at SiteEstablishment refers to recruitment of permanent or temporary work force in the department of engineer, office staff, skilled and unskilled for carrying out works.Construction industry can only function steadily and satisfactory if there is a good rapport and co-operative relationship between the construction workers and their employers.

Permanent establishmentPermanent establishment constitutes employee working against the sanctioned permanent posts in the department, drawing the regular pay bill without any time limit.The permanent establishment include:- Assistant General Manager Accountant Project Manager Site Engineers Store keeper . Lab technologist

Temporary EstablishmentTemporary establishment are the employees recruited directly for the actual execution of a specific work and whose pay is directly charged to the work for which they are employed.The temporary establishment include:- Supervisor Bar benders Electricians Labourers. Plumber

9.0 Information about MaterialThe various materials used for construction and supporting the building are termed asBuilding Materials. The different building materials include cement, coarse aggregate (gravel) fine aggregate (sand) and high yield bars are to be tested before using them in building construction. The materials which are used at site as below:-a) Cement: - Cement is a binding material that has cohesive and adhesive property in the presence of water. The brands of cement used are Elephant (Portland cement) and Dangote 42.5 grade Portland cement.


b) Brick: - An artificial masonry unit in the form of rectangular block of prepared is Called a brick. The main constituents of brick are 9” and 6” 225x225x450 and 150x225x450

c) Sand: - Sand is a filling material which is used in concrete, mortar and plastering. Sand is basically consisting of small grains of silica which is formed by the decomposition of sandstones due to various effects of weather. The coarse gain is sharp, angular and certainly free from salt etc which is employed in concreting.

d) Aggregate: Is the inert material which forms the bulk of cement concrete. The aggregate are bound together by mean of cement. The size of aggregate which is used at the site is 10mm and 20mm. e) Admixture: - Admixture is the materials which are used to improve the quality ofConcrete. The admixture which is used at the casting of column is coming from Dr. Fix Limited company. The capacity of one drum is 20litres. This admixture is helps to increase the setting time and maintains the strength of concrete.

F) Miscellaneous: - Miscellaneous materials are those which are also important exceptbasic materials. There are numbers of materials which are used for construction at sitewhich are:-1) Plastic pipes 2) G.I. pipes3) Electric Wires 4) Fiber Sheets5) Bitumen 6) Water proofing7) Termite proofing 8) Fire resistance9) Paint and Varnish 10) Glass11) Wooden Doors 12) Chips13) Marble 14) POP

10.0 Information about Test


There are number of tests which are performed at the site on different material. The tests which we have performed at the site are below:-a) Compressive Test: - The compressive strength of a cube is an indication of thestrength of concrete. With the help of this we can check the characteristics strength ofconcrete. The size of cube is taken as 15cm3. At least three specimen should be made fortesting which is to be performed at 7, 21, 28 days.Observation and calculations:-Proportion of concrete = M25Cross-section Area = 15x15=225 cm3Breaking Load = 770 KNCompressive strength after 28 days = 34.2 KN/mm2Result:- Compressive Strength of concrete sample after 28 days is 34.2N/mm2. Whereas Strength requirement is 25 N/mm2, hence tested sample is safe. b) Silt Content: - Silt is a material of particle sizes between 0.002mm to 0.06mm. It isUsually found in sands obtained from natural sources such as river bed. If it is present in excess quantity then is preventing a bond between cement and aggregate. Silt value is to be increase more than 6% by volume. This test is to be easily performed in beaker of size 250ml. C) Weight of Steel: - This is a field test which is performed on steel to check wt. meter length because there are number of impurities will be added in the materials due toTemperature variations so that its wt. will vary from the standard value. There is aChance of corrosion and rusting over steel barObservation and Calculation:-Height of sample = 150mlHeight of silt after 3 hours = 6mlPercentage of Silt = 4%Result:- Its value does not increase more than 6% by volume.

1 10mm 620gm 620gm2 12mm 890gm 890gm3 16mm 1580gm 1550gm


11.0 Information about Equipmen 1) Tilted Drum Mixer: A concrete mixer (also commonly called a cement mixer) is adevice that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, andwater to form concrete. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are oftenused so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. The entire drum rotates around its axis as metals are loaded through a charge chute at one end of the drum and exit through a discharge chute at the opposite end of the drum. Mixing blades are mounted on the inside surface of the drum and as the drum rotates the blades mix by lifting and dropping the materials during each rotation. Once the materials are sufficiently mixed the rotation of the drum is reversed and the blade arrangement pushes the concrete through to the discharge end of the mixer.

2) Needle Vibrator: The Needle Vibrator, also known as immersion or poker vibratorhave a power unit and long flexible tube at the end of which a vibrating head is attached.Wherever compaction is to be done, the vibrating head is inserted in the concrete.Concrete vibrators consolidate freshly poured concrete so that trapped air and excesswater are released and the concrete settles firmly in place in the formwork. Improperconsolidation of concrete can cause product defects, compromise the concrete strength,and produce surface blemishes such as bug holes and honeycombing. An internal


Concrete vibrator is a steel cylinder about the size of the handle of a baseball bat, with aHose or electrical cord attached to one end. The vibrator head is immersed in the wetConcrete.

3. JCB Excavator: Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom,stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the "house"). The house sits atopan undercarriage with tracks or wheels. A cable-operated excavator uses winches andsteel ropes to accomplish the movements. They are a natural progression from the steam shovels and often called power shovels.


4.Rammers are used for compacting small areas by providing impact load to the soil. This equipment is light and can be hand or machine operated. The base size of rammers can be 15cm x 15cm or 20cm x 20cm or more.

5. Vibrating smooth wheeled rollers


In case of vibrating smooth wheeled rollers, the drums are made to vibrate by employing rotating or reciprocating mass.

These rollers helpful from several considerations like:-

(i) Higher compaction level can be achieved with maximum work

(ii) Compaction can be done up to greater depths

12.0 Safety Measure and Campaigna) In Civil engineering construction project, accidents cannot be avoided. An eventcan happen any time and unexpectedly during construction. About 80 percent ofaccidents are mainly caused due to unsafe practices and shear negligence of theworkers. Safety measures are required to be built properly to motivate andencourage the workers to work at the given site or industry without any fear,tension or worry in mind about his security of life. Good safety measures areessential to increase the output of work by generating safety free environmentalsense of contentment among the workers. Safety measure can be efficiently handled by properly educating and training workers about the safe rules and their importance. It is the foremost duty of construction management to


appoint separate safety engineer to undertake safety measure and to prevent the occurrence of accidents. The causes of accidents should be properly investigated and suitable measures should be adopted to control these accidents.Thus, safety measures prevent:1. Reduced workers’ compensation claims2. Reduced expenses related to injuries and illnesses3. Reduced absenteeism and Lower employee complaints4. Loss of Life and Increased productivity5. Improved employee morale and satisfaction6. Reduction of hidden cost and reduced insurance cost

b) Personal Safety Wear protective equipment. Always wear safety helmet, safety vast and safety foot wear at construction site. Do not drink or take drugs while working. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Do not play in the workplace. Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe conditionc) Public Safety Pay attention to public safety. Members of the public are often unaware of or do not understand the work carried out on construction sites and the hazards involved. Take great care to prevent the fall of materials from height. Do not stack materials on floor edges or on scaffolds.d) Safety Campaign An organized movement launched by an enterprise or construction firm to advocate the safety rules and regulations among its workers to reduce the number of accidents is termed as safety campaign. The following points should be kept in mind for launching safety campaign.1. The safety campaign must be placed under the charge of a very competent,experienced and able manager, who may be termed as safety Director.2. The worker should be frequently addressed in a small group in their language oreasy accessible language to explain about safety rules.3. Do’s and Don’ts during construction work should be displayed in bold letter alongwith diagram on chart paper4. Advertisement films, Documentaries and CD should be shown to the workers onoff days, explaining about the need for safety measures.5. Safety Slogans and safety Quotations should be made an integral part of safetycampaign to educate the illiterate and poor workers.


6. Training in first-aid should be provided to workers and supervisors for tratingminor cuts and injuries.7. Safety journals should be brought about by the concerned management and distributed free of cost to the workers.

13.0 Inspection and Quality Controla) Inspection is the process of carrying out vigilant checks during the construction ofproject against any serious defect or lack of progress. Inspection of work iscarried from beginning of work up to the completion of project at various stages


or levels by competent authority. Quality control is the comparison of materials,construction techniques and finishing products etc. with the laid down standards.The quality control and inspection should ensure that the quality of work is theaccordance with the prescribed specification.i) Stages of construction:a) Layout stage: It is the first stage of work to be inspected when the layout ofbuilding is carried out. The layout should be properly checked for right angles anddimensions must be measured as per plan.b) Earthwork completion stage: At this stage, quality inspectors check theadequate depth and width of excavation trench to ensure desired the depth offoundation.c) Foundation laying stage: At this stage, the quality engineer mainly inspects thematerial reached at the site, such as quality of cement, sand, bricks and aggregateto be used in foundations. The materials must be of the same quality as has beeninspected at the supplier’s premises. In general, a contractor always tries to useover burnt or jhama bricks for the foundation for the foundation work whichshould be objected.d) D.P.C. laying stage: It is the one of the critical stage, which must be inspected bythe quality engineer. It is the completion of foundation stage, when damp proofingcourse is laid at the top of foundation layer to protect the building from moisture.At this stage, once again layout of building should be exactly checked as per thebuilding plan to ensure proper internal dimensions of rooms and its component.e) Formwork erecting stage: Erecting formwork is one of the major stage of theconstruction work, which must be given due attention by the quality inspectors.The shape, strength and finishing surfaces of concrete in beams, column and slabsmainly depend upon type of form work. For large project, only steel form work


should be used. For concrete construction forms or shuttering in the forms ofwooden planks or steel plates are used for keeping the green concrete in positiontill it hardens. This helps in giving the desired shapes to different components ofthe structureii)Removal of formwork For columns = 24 to 48 hours For slab up to 4.5 m span = 7 days For slab more than 4.5m span = 14 days For beams up to 6m span = 14 days For beams above 6m span = 21 daysiii) The good formwork should satisfy the following requirements:-1. The material of the formwork should be practically water proof so that it can’tabsorb water from concrete.2. It should be strong enough to withstand the pressure or the load of the freshconcrete, live load of the worker coming on it.3. The formwork should be so made that it can be removed easily without causingthe least injury to the surface of nearly constructed concrete members.4. The inside surface of formwork should be smooth so as to give good appearanceto the resulting newly constructed concrete members.f) Reinforcement laying stage: The strength of the structure member like beams,column and slab depends upon the reinforcement provided. So, when thereinforcement stage is laid over the formwork erected, it is right time for qualityengineers to inspect the work for identification of any defect with respect toinadequate reinforcement

14.0 Site Drawings a) Column Drawing


15.0verall Benefits of Traininga) Internship is a class healed at site to provide an enhanced understanding of theoutside working environment before the student graduate. Student like civil andurban engineering and other fields also take this practice. The main aim of thisPractice (internship) is that to teach students communication with differentWorkers or employees, to improve practical skill what they learned at class, upgrading the theoretical knowledge in addition to the class, improve theirleadership skill, team playing skill and etc. I have acquired much knowledge indifferent tasks as explained below in different section. That different knowledge


gets me a good performance in the internship period and I gain an experience thathelps me after the graduation in the upcoming working era of mine.b) Improving practical skilli) The aim of the internship is to address more practical knowledge for student. So, Ifound a practical knowledge at the site as much possible within the four month.The knowledge we have learn in the class is helpful to get those practical or realwork in the site and totally different from the actual knowledge gained from theclass. Thus I found some knowledge in the site which helps me to work with thesite environment or site peoples.ii) Some of the practical knowledge I gain from the internship class was: Construction of formwork and false work for some reinforced concrete structure.In any construction work the first stage before casting of concrete is designingand constructing of form work. As I explained in the work procedure theformwork and false work must be stiff and must resist the fresh concrete till theconcrete gain its strength. Thus the construction stage of form work was new tome since I‘m new for the practical world now I gain practical knowledge abouthow it is worked and erected. Bar bending, positioning, splicing and tying, according the specified drawing.After the formwork and false work is ready the bar bending, positioning and tyingwork goes next. This work is done based on the working drawing provided in theworking drawings (structural drawing) by the design team of that specifiedstructure. In most case it was new for me to see such work since it is a practicalwork only performed at the site. Surveying on building construction. We conduct the surveying class in the fieldfor its lab session of the course in the normal class. But we don‘t know about howit is going to be in building construction in particular and in which particular stageof the construction work it used either the super structure or sub structure.


Concrete is a vital material in any construction of reinforced concrete and is themain constituent or ingredient of any reinforced concrete structure. Thus it ismandatory to know this material in practice including how it is treated, placed(poured), mixed and the equipment used for those work. I got the practicalknowledge in terms of those listed aspects of concrete. Different construction equipment (machines) and their use in construction site.Many of great structures before are a product of numerous human power andcountless days inspired by great powers. Machines are capable of handling toughwork which may be beyond the scope of human labour to be performed. They canbe expected to work with fair degree of effectiveness even under adverse weather,climate or topographical conditions. I generally know how equipment‘s are usedin the site including their specific purpose.c) Upgrading the theoretical knowledgei) The internship class is not only depending on the practical aspect but it also helpstudents to upgrade or increase knowledge on already that they have. I try tointegrate the practical knowledge with that of the theory learned in the class indifferent place in order to get more knowledge than the theory we learned on theclass. I got the internship class very interesting in terms of upgrading a theoreticalknowledge and I learned from the site some theories that we haven‘t learn in theclass room by searching different related literature. Some of this is: Quantity surveying Structural design of shear wall and its advantage Construction equipment Report writingii) I learned those things in exclusive cause it is hard to read and understandeverything from books and asking some peoples at site to those things ashamedme. Generally I change myself alit bit after the internship period in my knowledgethan before I took it.d)Upgrading interpersonal communication skill


i) Communication is sharing or exchanging information or ideas with others in orderto get some messages and knowledge. The communications systems within thebuilding design and construction enterprise has taken on a large role in theachievement of profitability and efficiency. A basic understanding ofcommunication systems is beneficial to all building professionals and trades, asthey all play a part in the success of the construction. Construction is one of theplaces that ask a good communication skill either managing every trade of workor asking what is gowning on over there. So, communication is an important wayof learning, which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience ofgaining knowledge or skills and sharing what we know. Cool communication isimportant in the real constructions world and it can appear in different forms asspeaking, writing, and listening. In the site the most things I gain is due tocommunication with other workers like engineers, skilled and non-skilledworkers, Forman etc. in some place/case it is very difficult to talk workers and askthem what we want because of that they underestimate us and sometimes they arenot eager to tell.e) Improving team playing skilli) Team playing skill for construction work Team works, especially for engineers,involve in every piece of task and achieving good team playing skill is essentialfor Effective completion of tasks and Increasing productivity. This skill alreadyexists in my personality in the campus due to different assignment and projectworks that I work together with student. But this skill is more than this in theconstruction site. In the construction site the work is already a team work and itneeds more closeness of workers to solve problems arise in different aspects,misunderstanding in the drawing or working methodology and consult everywork. We the student at the site also works together as a team to get moreunderstanding and share ideas. More or less I improve my team work status by


working together with different professionals, student and workers as a whole inthe civil engineering works and consulting.f) Improving leadership skilli) Leadership is the process of influencing individuals or groups to accomplish anorganizational goal or mission. I have seen how each worker is controlled andorganized to perform its day to day activities. Among all other managements ihave seen that human resource management is the most important one. i haveactually observed the method of controlling the working time and amount of workdone by each worker so that the work proceeds according to the work plan(schedule).Leadership is a skill to guide, control and monitor peoples. Foreffective leadership i understood that personal values like confidence, effectivecommunication and devotion are very important.bm) In order to be good Leadership the following criteria should be fulfilled.bn) Those are:- Be technically proficient (skilled with different knowledge‘s). Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions. Make sound and timely decisions. Know your people and look out for their well-being. Keep your workers informed. Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers. Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished. Use the full capabilities of your organization. Listening to others. Being organized. Able to communicate clearly and efficiently.ii) In the site it was impossible to us to lead anything because we go to the site tolearn about the site work and we don‘t have enough ability to handle such worksin such short time but we have learned how to become a good leader and the mainsignal of a good leader.iii) Finally what I take hold of is Becoming a leader isn‘t easy because it takes aconscious commitment and consistent effort to develop one‘s leadership skillsg)Work ethics and related issuesi) The concept of work ethics may be summarized as the overall quality in one‘s


behavior towards appreciating the process of work flow and performing ratherwell on the job so that this work flow will not be jeopardized in the long run.During my internship program, I could say that I have managed to do my side ofthe job description with a high spirit and enthusiasm so that there was a smoothflow of activities both in the office and on construction site. Work ethics involvesuch characteristics as honesty, responsibility, reliability, accountability and etc.ii) Punctuality is one of the major issues that could be raised when talking aboutwork ethics and on my side I tried meet this criteria by attending to my workingstation in time so that there will not be any delay on the activities planned for thatday. The behavior that one shows towards his peers and colleagues is also onemanifestation of the concept of work ethics. Personally, I always respected andgave priority the employers of the company. Elements of work ethics that worth mentioning are:-punctuality, honesty, reliability, office discipline, corporation and responsibility.ii) We as a student should follow the rules and regulations set by the company andavoid complaining any work load, activity or assignment that may arise on the siteor office. It is a pleasure of supervisors if we have a good work ethics and we areresponsible for any given tasks. Since the aim of internship is to let students knowthe outside environment pertinent to their field, which includes of such the abovedealt qualities, I was with the great interest that I tried to meet my responsibilitiesand work ethics that I suppose to be fulfil by my side.

16.0 Conclusion1) The entire period of Industrial Training has given me good & importantpractical exposure of construction work. At the end of the Industrial Training


under LEGRANDE ENINEERING SERVICES Limited, LAGOS STATE, I feel myself better equipped and ready to face the field problems related to Civil Engineering works.In these four& half months, I have learnt how to deal with Authorities andworkers under supervision and I have become familiar with the fact that the fieldwork is much difficult from theoretical knowledge. But until you don’t have thetheoretical knowledge, the practical work is very difficult to carry-out and understand.2) Working with experienced engineers has enhanced my technical skills to agreat extent for which I am grateful to them. Their professional approach towards work is appreciable.3) The training has provided me with much needed field exposure to shapeup my thinking in a better way as a professional making me a lot more capable to face the challenges of life.17.0 References and Bibliography

.Drawings shown above are made on AUTO CAD . Images shown in the report are self-clicked images at various

locations .Calculation mentioned above are carried out in the daily dairy . Civil Construction Books .Drawings provided at the site .COMPANY WEBSITE-(lesl.awardspace.com)


Date post:	09-Feb-2017
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