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We have moved into a more demanding cognitive age, compelling people to become better at absorbing, processing and combining information.
Can we learn to change with it?
Who might our kindergarten children be working with on an on-the-job project in 2025?
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Because of globalization—the ongoing process of intensifying economic, social, and cultural exchanges across the planet—young people the world over need more innovative thinking skills, cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills, and sophisticated communication and collaboration skills than ever before.
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1900 1950 20000%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skillshttp://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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The Future World of Work
Creative Work —• Research• Development• Design• Marketing/Sales• Global Supply Chain
Management
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skillshttp://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)
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7 survival skills in the 21st century;
1.Critical thinking and problem solving;2.Collaboration across networks and leading by influence; 3.Agility and adaptability; 4.Initiative and entrepreneurship; 5.Effective oral and written communication; 6.Accessing and analyzing information; and7. Curiosity and imagination.
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Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiran
abad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan
dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada
peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaan
bermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,
berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,
bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran
berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan
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KURIKULUM
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Pembelajaran abad ke-20
Dipimpin guru
Arahan langsung
Pengetahuan
Kandungan
Kemahiran asas
Teori
Kurikulum
Individu
Bilik darjah
Pentaksiran sumatif
Belajar untuk sekolah
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Pembelajaran abad ke-21
Dipimpin guruArahan langsungPengetahuan Kandungan Kemahiran asasTeori Kurikulum IndividuBilik darjahPentaksiran sumatifBelajar untuk sekolah
Berasaskan muridPembelajaran kolaboratifKemahiran ProsesPemikiran Aras TinggiPraktikalKemahiran hidupBerkumpulan Komuniti Pentaksiran formatifBelajar untuk kehidupan
Keseimbangan Keseimbangan
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“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikan dengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yang autentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar, melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikan masalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yang penting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikan yang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang sama membolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul, membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan dan perkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentas kurikulum.”
The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)
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Menggunakan teknologi untuk mengakses, mengurus, mengintegrasi dan menilai maklumat, menjana maklumat baru dan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain
Kemahiran hidup & kerjaya
Kemahiran Teknologi
Maklumat, Komunikasi &
Media
Standard &Pentaksiran
Kurikulum
Pembangunan ProfesionalPersekitaran Pembelajaran
• Literasi Maklumat• Literasi Media• Literasi Teknologi
Maklumat & Komunikasi)
• Kebolehsuaian & fleksibel
• Mempunyai inisiatif dan terarah kendiri
• Kemahiran sosial dan antara budaya
• Produktiviti & akauntabiliti
• Tanggungjawab dan kepimpinan
• Kreativiti & Inovasi• Pemikiran Kritis dan
Penyelesaian Masalah• Komunikasi & Kolaborasi
Standard kemahiran
Mata pelajaran teras dan tema Abad ke-21
Kemahiran belajar & Inovasi
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“Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21
Kurikulum Teras + Tema
• Kesedaran global• Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan
keusahawanan• Literasi sivik• Kesedaran Alam Sekitar• Kesedaran tentang
aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan
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Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi
– Literasi maklumat & media– Kemahiran berkomunikasi
• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah – Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem – Penyelesaian Masalah– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka
• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri – Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi– Arah Kendiri– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi – Tanggungjawab Sosial
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Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan
Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:
– Kebolehan berkomunikasi – Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah – Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan – Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah – Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan – Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik – Kebolehan mengurus kendiri – Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik – Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )
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Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah yang penting pada masa kini bagi membantu pelajar untuk masa depan mereka.
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CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN
Kreatif
Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal
Bijak berkomunikasi
Yakin – mengambil risiko
Dahagakan ilmu
Ingin tahu
Menjana idea
Fleksibel
Tidak berputus asa
Mendengar dan membuat refleksi
Kritikal
Berkemahiran
mampu mencorak
Menguasai kemahiran literasi
Berani Mencuba
Mampu berfikir sendiri
Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain
Membuat perubahan
berintegriti
Berkeperibadian tinggi
Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’
Belajar dari kesilapan
Berdikari
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RUANG BILIK DARJAH
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Nair and Fielding,
“the ‘early 20th century school design standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s factory production methods’. Model T.”
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It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption that a predetermined number of students will all learn the same thing at the same time from the same person in the same way in the same place for several hours each day.
(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns for 21st Century Schools
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM
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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21st century
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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
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1) Student-centric: - students play an active role in their
learning and teachers serve as mere guides.
- Put students’ interests first and are focused on each student’s needs, abilities and learning styles.
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2 ) Computing devices: - Computers are readily available in
modern classrooms, since they are essential tools for 21st century students and replace the utilities of pen and paper.
- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching and learning and make them more engaging and effective.
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3) Active learning: In modern classrooms, students are
actively engaged in what they learn. Students participate in more active learning by working in groups or on computers and complete projects and other interesting activities that help them discover new skills.
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4) Adaptive learning: Any classroom will always have
students of different types of learning abilities in it which often makes it difficult for teachers to make sure that all of them understand the concepts.
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5) Invitational environment: The classrooms should not be
cramped or overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have the basic material required for teaching such as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors
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6) Students understand and follow the rules and procedures:
The learning environment is carefully planned and well-organized. Class rules, procedures, and notices of upcoming activities are posted in convenient places to help students stay on track.
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7 ) Mutual respect: - Teachers and students should always
have respect for each other. - teachers should encourage students
to speak with confidence and value their opinions
- students should also co-operate with and respect their classmates.
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8) Students take responsibility of their learning: As students are encouraged to actively participate in their own learning, they become responsible for their learning
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9) Performance-based assessments:
Regular performance-based assessments are carried out by teachers through various methods which are not restricted to tests.
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10) Collaborative learning: Learning through collaboration is one
of the most effective forms of learning.
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CAMPFIRE
WATERING HOLE
CAVE
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GURU
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From primary role as a dispenser of information to orchestrator of learning and helping students turn information into knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.
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1.Konstruktivisme2.Inkuiri3.Koperatif4.ekspositori
1. Pengajaran yang bermula dengan pandangan pelajar
2. Model perubahan konsep3. Analogi titian atau penyambungan4. Pendekatan metakognitif
Strategi berpusatkan pelajar Satu masalah diberikan untuk
diselesaikan dengan bimbingan guru Pelajar menggunakan kreativiti,
pemikiran, penaakulan dan penilaian bagi menyelesaikan masalah dan seterusnya membuat keputusan
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