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RF Microelectronics Course

Faculty:

Shivaji Tyagi,Prof. R. C. Jain

Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida

August 6, 2014

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RF Microelectronics Course Contents

Building Blocks in RF System, Basic Concepts, PerformancesMetrics

Device Characteristics in RF Application Low Noise Amplifier Design

Mixer Design

Oscillator Design

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Relevant E.M. Spectrum

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RF Applications

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Wireless Standards

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Mobile Phone Network

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Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)

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Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)

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Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

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Wireless Sensor Networks1

1Harvard Sensor Networks Lab

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Worldwide Wireless Standards

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RFID

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Early Days of Radio: A Bit of History2

(1820 - 1870) Oerstedt, Amphere, Faraday, Maxwelldeveloped the theoritical basis for the radio revolution.

Oerstedt: Flowing currents induce magnetic fields Amphere: mutual forces between current carrying conductors Faraday: Magnetism could be transformed in electricity Maxwell: Unified the concepts

Hertz (1857 - 1894): Demonstrated the Maxwell predictions

2

Adolf j. Schwab, Peter Fischer, Maxwell, Hertz, and German radio-wavehistory, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol86, July 1998

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History of the Radio

The history of radio can betraced through the lives odfthese people:

Maxwell Hertz Heavyside Marconi DeForest Armstrong

Farnsworth Sarnoff

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James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879)

Unified Electric andMagnetic Theory

Predicted ElectromagneticWave Propagation

Theorized that light was anelectromagnetic wave

( )

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Heinrich Hertz (1857 - 1894)

Experimentally verifiedMaxwells Theories

Generated and propagatedradio waves

Built first transmitter,anteena, and receiver

appratus

G

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Guglielmo Marconi

The inventor of radio

Improved and

commercialized Hertzsapparatus, used for radiotelegraphy

Among the first radioengineers.

Oli H id (1850 1925)

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Oliver Heavyside (1850 - 1925)

Heavyside was perhaps thefirst true electrical engineer

He was an odd recluse, whowas entirely self taught

Although unappreciated inhis time, he providedmathematical solutions toimportant problems

Among his accomplishmentsare transmission line theoryand Heavyside transforms

L D F (1873 1961)

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Lee DeForest (1873 - 1961)

Invented the audion

vacuum tube Allowed for amplification

and detection

Led to first transmission ofvoice and music

Ed i H d A t (1890 1954)

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Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890 - 1954)

Perhaps the greatest EE inthe history

Inventor of the: feedback amplifier

electronic oscillator super-hetrodyne receiver FM radio

These inventions allowed forthe transmission of voice

and music His ideas are still widely

used today !!!

Phil T F th (1907 1971)

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Philo T. Farnsworth (1907 - 1971)

Inventor of electronictelevision

Largely self-taught

Developed initial designwhile in high school

A victim of bad timing andsmall capital

Da id Sa off (RCA Maste i d 1891 1971)

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David Sarnoff (RCA Mastermind, 1891 - 1971)

Began as telegraph operatorfor Marconi

Originated idea of

broadcasting Became president of the

Radio Corporation ofAmerica

Was not an Engineer - andthe only guy who becomesreally wealthy!

The wireless music box has no

imaginable commercial value. Whowould pay for a message sent tonobody in particular ? -Regrettable Quote from theassociates of David Sarnoff

Birth of the Radio

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Birth of the Radio

First transmission at Villa Griffone (Italy), in 1885.

Transmission across Altantic Ocean, in 1901.

In 1896, Marconi was awarded the British patent12039:Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses andsignals and in apparatus therefor, for radio.

The famous 7777 (four-sevens) patent:Improvements inappratus for wireless telephony was issued to MarconisWireless Telegraph Company3, on April 26, 1901.

3

http://www.marconicalling.com/museum/html/objects/ephemera/objects-i=651.001-t=2-n=0.html

Patent 7777

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Patent 7777

The 1904 U.S. version of the 7777 patent, US patent No.763,772, was found to be invalid in a celebrated 1943

Supreme Court decision. There are some that claim thisdecision affirmed Nikolai Tesla as the inventor ofradio.

J C Bose4

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J. C. Bose The Gelena Detector (1904)

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Sengupta, D.L.; Sarkar, T.K.; Sen, D.; , Centennial of the semiconductordiode detector, Proceedings of the IEEE ,Jan 1998

E H Armstrong Innovations5 6

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E H Armstrong Innovations , Regenerative receiver (1912) Superheterodyne receiver (1919)

FM Radio (1935)

5Brittain, J.E.; , Electrical engineering Hall of Fame-Edwin H. Armstrong, Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.92,

no.3, pp. 575- 578, Mar 2004,6

Armstrong, E.H.; , Some recent developments in the audion receiver ,Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.51,no.8, pp. 1083- 1097, Aug. 1963

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