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REPUBLICOFPERUCULTURALCOMPETENCEIN

NURSINGCARE

Katra Jama , Omotunde Balogun,

Susan Xiang Zhao, Violeta Cartagena

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SYNOPSYS

The purpose of this project on Peru is to learn and

understand its culture.

Culture that is influenced by many factors such as

demography, religion, beliefs, economy and climate.

The understanding of different cultures are needed in the

nursing care now a days.

Knowing physical, psychological, social, emotional, and

spiritual needs of a patient makes a nurse culturally aware

and competent to provide individualized care.

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INTRODUCTION

Peru is South America's third largest country

Peru has a large diversity of climates

It has three distinct geographic regions Central high; Sierra of the Andes

narrow lowland; coastal region

the dense inaccessible forest ---- Amazon

multiethnic country formed by the combination ofdifferent groups

Amerindians inhabited for several millennia

Spaniards and Africans arrived under colonial rule Europeans from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain After

independence

Other immigrant groups include Arabs, Japanese and Chinese

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GEOGRAPHY

South America Republic of Peru

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UNIQUEFACTS

There are three forms of flags for Peru

Represents the republic of Peru

Used within the countries government andnavy

Peru's flag of war

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GOVERNMENT

ConstitutionalRepublic

Presidentiselectedbycitizenseveryfiveyears

President is the head of State and Government

Multy-party system/ with three branches

Executive:One president

Two vice-presidents

Prime minister (Council of Ministers)

Legislative: Unicameral Congress

Judicial: Four Tier courtsOne Supreme Court

Lower Courts

Suffrage : Universal and mandatory for citizens 18-70Central Intelligence Agency US. (2011)

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FROM DICTATORSHIPTO CONSTITUTIONAL

Peru had a long history of dictatorship governmentsthat fail rapidly in past 20 years

Military Forces helped to re-establish Constitution

Democracy is established and constitutional rights arein place again

Peruvians will face a new political menace

The birth of terrorism insurgents.

McCormick, G. (2011).

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GUERRILLAS:

THE EMERGENCEOF SENDERO LUMINOSOOR SHINING PATH

Originated with the Land reforms in Latin America

Hacienda system redistributed land to peasants

Insurgent Groups protest to abandoned Andean cities

Highland population didnt received much help from government

Government Neglected the City of Ayacucho

Poor and disconnected of Costas region suffered by antiquated social

economic structure Burgoyne, M. L. (2010)

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COMMUNISM

Guerrilla Warfare Ideology by Mao Tse Tung

Found a home in University of Huamanga-Ayacucho

Ismael Guzman a professor in Politic Science and otherfollowers of SL dominated the faculty and student organizations

Indoctrinated the large native student body with Maoist ideology

Highlighted the vast imparity of wealth in Peru

Peruvian government failed to recognize seriousness of situation.Burgoyne, M. L. (2010

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HELPFROM USA TOFIGHT TERRORISM

The target moved to the Capital City: Lima

New attacks with bombs put population at risk

USA offer training to elite police and army forces to contain

guerrilla attacks

Ismael de Guzman was captured in 1992

He called other followers to surrender

After 18 months 3,600 guerrilla members were captured or

turn themselves in.McCormick, G. (2011)

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Culture and Belief

Peru culture is one of the most diverse in South America. It

consists of art, literature, traditions. Culture of Peru is acombination of the ancient and the contemporary, In spite of

the globalization, Peruvians of today have not forgotten their

traditions. They cherish their cultural diversity. Culture of Peru

is the fundamental of ingrained in Amerindian and Spanishtraditions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bailando.jpg

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RELIGION & BELIEFS Religion is a mix of Catholicism

and Andean beliefs in the

indigenous population,Catholicism was indoctrinatedto natives by the Spaniards inthe early 1500s.

Most important Viracocha(Lord creator and father ofmen)

The ancient Peru had variouspolytheistic beliefs

Natives used synonymousassociation: Pachamama:

mother earth Virgin Mary

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FAMILYANDRELATIONSHIPS

Ideal model of family is monogamous

The father is the authority of the family andrepresents it in front of the public, while the wife isresponsible for the education of children and is

subordinate to the husband (Fuller 1997)

Men must hold on to the ethics of protection andresponsibility; women must remain pure.

However, lately women are required to work sothey can meet their families financial needs.

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PERU:HEALTHCARE

Peru has income inequalities and is suffering manylimitations related to equipment shortages, cost of

drugs, and operation of health services of the poor.

However, there is a new law that insures free medicaltreatment for all Peruvians

Under this law the health benefits based of three

categories: contributory, semi-contributory andsubsidised regulation.

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HEALTHCARE

Contributory: Government workers will pay the state for the

required financial contribution.

Semi-Contributory: Independent worker

Subsidized: Workers in extreme poverty

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HEALTH CARE Many mothers are still

dying because of critical problems

facing health care in the country.

(Barbara Fraser 2008)

Perus government is trying to

improve the conditions of all thePeruvians

The government is to expand the

primary care services such as

maternal mortality rates,

vaccinations and disease control.

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Health Risks Perus health issues lie in the lack of education and health

awareness while emphasizing cervical cancer. Peruvian womenscreenings for cervical cancer, most women going for

screening were completely unaware of their risks or how to

address them. Providing education and awareness should be a

primary concern for nurses in Peru.

http://nursing322sp10.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/2009-05-20t214957z_01_lim020_rtridsp_0_peru.jpg

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5 TopHealthcareConcernsinPeru

1. Reinfections are very common amongst PeruvianAdults after Antibiotic treatment of H pylori.

2. Several years ago, abortion was considered one of theprimary health threats for Peruvian women.

3. 2 out of 5 women in Peru have been attacked, pushed,or shaken by their partners. some partners deny or dontreport the abuse.

4. Males are rarely involved in family planning orviolence prevention, and basic health educationprograms.

5. Only 25% of those living in extreme poverty in Peruhave access to healthcare, and malnutrition oftenmanifests

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REFERENCES

Armas Asn, 347+. Academic OneFile. Web. 15 May Fernando. "La religion en el Peru colonial:comentario critico sobre una abundante produccion bibliografica." Histrica26.1-2 (2002): 2011.

Burgoyne, M. L. (2010). Lessons From Peru's Fight Against Sendero Luminogo. Military Review, 90(5),68-73. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Central Intelligence Agency US. (2011). The World fact Book. Central Intelligence Agency.

Fogon, El. (n.d.). Peru - The Mystical Land of The Incas. Retrieved May 16, 2011, from Authentic PeruvianCuisine in Toronto: http://www.elfogon.ca/peru/

Freedom of religion. (2011). In Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved

from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/218536/freedom-of-religion

HighBeam Research. (2011). High Beam Reasearch,Research articles and archives from 6,500+publications. Retrieved May 20, 2011, from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2158390291.html

Hill, Michael D. "Myth, globalization, and mestizaje in new age Andean religion: the Intic Churincuna(Children of the Sun) of Urubamba, Peru." Ethnohistory57.2 (2010): 263+. Academic OneFile. Web. 15May 2011.

Map of the world. (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2011, from http://countrystudies.us/peru/43.htm:http://countrystudies.us/peru/43.htm

McCormick, G. (2011). The Shinning Path and Peruvian terrorism. California: RAND Corporation.

Peru-Facts. (2008). Peru Flag. Retrieved May 15, 2011, from http://peru-facts.co.uk/peru-flag.html:http://peru-facts.co.uk/peru-flag.html

WIKIPEDIA. (2011, February 24). Geography of Peru. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from WIKIPEDIA,The freeencyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Peru

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