TAKS Flash Cards

IPC

(Objectives 4 & 5)

Transverse Wave

The medium moves perpendicular to the wave.

Longitudinal Wave

The medium moves parallel to the wave.

Surface Wave

Combination of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

Seismic Waves

Waves that travel through the earth, such as during an earthquake.

What is Q in the diagram?

Wavelength – the distance between two identical points on a wave.

What is S in the diagram?

Amplitude – the distance between a crest (or trough) and the rest position of the wave.

Refraction

The bending of a light wave as it passes into a different medium.

Reflection

When a wave bounces back into the medium it came from.

Resonance

When one object vibrating causes a second object to vibrate. Example: Tuning Forks.

Convection

The movement of heat through currents in a fluid.

Example: Warm air rises.

Conduction

The movement of Heat by direct contact

Example: Food being heated on the stove.

Radiation

Movement of Heat through Electromagnetic Waves.

Example: Solar Panels heating by Sunlight,

Popcorn popping in the Microwave.

Series Circuit

A single path for electric current through all the parts of the circuit.

Parallel Circuit

More than one path of electric current through all the parts of the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit

Resistor

Impedes the movement of electricity through the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit

Wires

Conduct electric current through the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit

Battery

The long line is the positive end.

The short line is the negative end.

Parts of a Circuit

Switch

An open switch does not allow the current to pass.

A closed switch does allow a current to pass.

Density

The amount of matter (mass) in a given amount of space (volume).

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow.

The more viscous a fluid, the slower it flows.

Buoyancy

The force that causes less dense substances to float.

Less Dense = Floats

More Dense = Sinks

Properties of Water

Polar – Universal Solvent

Density = 1 g/mL

Formula = H2O

pH = 7 (Neutral)

Atomic Number

The number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Ex. The above atom has an atomic number of 4.

Atomic Mass

The number of Protons + Neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Ex. The above atom has an atomic mass of 9.

Element

Matter composed of one type of atom.

Examples: Oxygen, Gold, Aluminum, Chlorine, Sodium.

Compound

Two or more different substances chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

Example: Water, Salt, Carbon Dioxide

Mixture

Physical blend of two or more substances.

Physical Change

A change in matter that does not result in a new substance.

Example: Dissolving, Melting, Breaking, Boiling, Freezing.

Chemical Change

A change in matter that results in a new substance.

Example: Burning, Rusting, Corroding.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.

In an equation, the mass before the arrow equal the mass after the arrow.

Reactant

Matter that undergoes a chemical reaction.

Reactants are usually left of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Products

Matter that is the result of a chemical reaction.

Products are usually on the right of the arrow in chemical reaction.

Factors affecting Solubility (How much of a substance

dissolves.)

Agitation (Stirring)Surface Area (Smaller Pieces)

HeatPressure

Amount of SolventAmount of Solute

Solubility Rules

Like Dissolves Like(Polar dissolves Polar)

(Non-Polar dissolves Non-Polar)Example: Salt dissolves in water, Oil does

not dissolve in water. Oil is Non-Polar.

Solute & Solvent

The Solute dissolves in the Solvent

Example: In salt water, water is the solvent, salt is the solute.

Precision

Measurements that are close together.