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PARIS, October 10.

THEEiffel Tower must come down.The authorities of Paris have so decreed.This iron spire, the tallest structure in the

world, and the engineering feat of the last cen-tury, \.i regarded as a dangerous plaything.

When a high wind blows from the south the great

ribbed structure trembles like a frightened horse.But let a stiff breeze come bowling down from the

north and the tower vibrates until the china rattles inthe cafes, and to those in the observatory at the apex thesensation is that of a ship fossed by heavy seas.

The fact that the tower is more'sensitive to a windfrom the north than from the south is regarded as proof

of the structural weakness, and from this springs thetheory of danger of collapse.

It is almost twenty years since Gustav Eiffel began

the work of building his sky-scraper. The mark of com-pletion was set for 1889, Exposition year, and on March 31of that year the tower was thrown open to the public. Itwa« the leading attraction of the big show, and it hasnot since ceased to attract attention and coin.

The cost of building the structure was more than$1,000,000. Of that amount the French government appro-priated $29L',000. Eiffel supplied the remainder, trustingfor his reimbursement to the receipts from admission feesand other sources.

In this he was not uisappolnted, as the profits of thefirst year were almost sufficient to make him whole.

The lease held by Eiffel will expire in next March, andthen, if the present plans of the city fathers are realized,the work of razing the unique structure will be started.

The plan is to sell the tower to the highest bidder, thepurchaser to be given a certain time in which to removewhat Paris regards as almost a public menace.

Except as a curio and an Investment for its builder,the tower has been somewhat of a failure.

Much was expected in the scientific world from themetaphorical observatory, with its physical and biologicallaboratories, all 954 feet above ground. But little hascome of this, the enterprise having taken on a rathercommercial aspect.

The Eiffel Tower will ever be considered a colossa*feat of engineering.

The lower section consists of four columns restingupon masonry 85 feet square and 30 feet high. Thesecurve toward each other, so that they unite as a slnglo

column 620 feet above the ground.

Within a stone's throw are-two business blocks thattower higher—but these are, nevertheless, not towers.

Tho Trinity Church spire 4n New York has causedthe crooking of many a neck, yet its height Is only 284 feet.

The Bunker Hill Monument stands 221 feet above thehistoric sod that undulates about Its base.

It may be said, in justification of all of these beaconsof history and architecture, that they stand for bo muchmore than mere height that they possess that In sufficientdegree.

The Eiffel Tower possesses the sole distinction of altl-\u25a0 tude. Barren of other claims upon the public attention,the need of outstripping—virtually doubling—the elevationof any other tall structure is apparent.

Scattered over.lreland and Scotland, or,Jiere %nd thereon the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia, are to be foundthe ruins ofsome of the towers of prehistoric times.

These, like those of our cathedrals .and public build-ings of to-day, were built for purposes of utility.

The old round towers ot Ireland, as well tta the"brochsT of Scotland, were used as places of refuge ordefense in time of war, as wateff towers and as resort forthe recluse.

The architecture was at first plain and severe, whileIn later years appeared parapets and pinnacles richlycanopied.

These towers were never mbfe than 132 feet high, withthe average perhaps 80 feet.

In remote times the Moslems' built towers of stonethat they used as minarets. The finest of these belongto the thirteenth, century, notably the Mlnan of Kootub,at Old Delhi, which was the wjonder of ail the tribes thatgathered about it.' This towei^ was 250 feet high, built ofmassive blocks of limestone and marble.

Not since the days of Babel, if, indeed, before, has thebuilding of a tower for the mere pride of building it beenessayed. Confusion of tongues Svas the result then.

Coming down to the age «f a*»ial playthings, moderningenuity seems to have spelled(for itself a lesson—one

less severe than that of Babel, bat, nevertheless, a lesson.Having ventured past the point of practicability and

safety, the monument erected'by Gustav Eiffel to thogenius and daring of man faHa; before the force of theelements, while the dust of ages-icontlnues to settle uponthe sloping sides of the pyramids.

There are platforms at the 189, 380 and 906 feet levels,reached by elevators as well as by Btairs. Beyond thethird platform a spiral staircase, which is not open to thepublic, ascends to the top of the tower.

On the first platform, which has a floor space of 38,000Bquare feet, or nearly an acre, there were four restau-rants at the time of the Exposition, and refreshments areBtill served there.

The view from the top of the tower extends eight y-flve miles on a clear day. At night a searchlight gleamsfrom the eminence.

Seven thousand tens of iron were used in building theEiffel Tower.

Gustav Eiffel made a long leap over precedent whenhe planned and built the spiral skeleton of Iron whichmade him rich and famous.

The ambition of the Egyptians to pierce the sky withpyramids carried them less than half as high as thisFrench engineer went on a comparatively fragile founda-tion.

The pyramid of Cheops 13 only 486 feet high; that ofCephrenes 456 feet.

The best that Rome can do, with all her boastedachievements in lofty architecture, is to point to the domeof St. Peter's—a paltry 448 feet above ground.

London steps into third place in these Old World ver-tical achievements with her St. Pauls dome—36s feet up.

Campanile, the famous leaning tower at Pisa, did notwin fame because of the height of its arcaded colonnadesbo much as because of its obliquity, and yet when we aretold that this tower is thirteen feet out of plumb welearn in the same breath that it is 179 feet high!

Stepping over to the New World to complete the tableof comparisons more ambitious figures are encountered,and yet our best achievements are as pigmies in theshadow of the tower that Eiffel built.

The Washington Monument ranks first, with its 555feet of gleaming granite.

Second in order" is the quaint, broad-brimmed hat ofWilliam Perm surmounting the heroic statue on the towerof Philadelphia City Hall. This measurement is 547 feet.

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THE beanstalk up which Jack, the Giant Killer,climbed to fame has been sung and pictured untileven little Emma and Annie and Jeannette andJoe, sprawled there on the nursery floor, can tell

of its sturdy trunk, of its stout, ladder-like branches, ofIts leathery leaves, which the eager hands of their hero.Jack, could not crush, though he clutched them ever sotightly.

They can tell you that this fabled beanstalk was sotall that "Oo! you jest couldn't see the top uv it, so youcouldn't."

And the sweet little enthusiasts are to be believed.Odd as It may seem, however, the wonderful mind that

evolved Jack's beanstalk, with a giant castle the first waystation, did not compass the idea that it must have bornewonderful fruit.

Its pods were surely longer than a man's body, andeach bean larger than a cocoanut. No better weaponscould be imagined for the giant, whose fierce, puffy faceis pictured peering over the ledge of his high domain,than a handful of these big beans, weli dried, hurledupon the head of daring interlopers like Jack.

Ift plants are natives of

;and China, and Amer-iofanists have classed

as belonging to theDelichos, though on

it of their length they>re popularly known as''beans."rly this spring Mr.\u25a0'dson planted them in a

well fertilized trench and erected aeventeen-foot poles tosupport.the vines. The plants, gVcw with remarkablerapidity and in a short time ha& reached the tops of thepoles. Having no encouragement to go higher they turned

around and retraced their step!* 1. 'The seeds were sent from Japan by a friend of thePasadena man. In the Flowery Kingdom, however, theplants and their product have not reached much morethan half the size attained in the first year of their culti-vation under the inspiring suns of the State of big things,

California.

The Totter rag -."TowerCompared

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One of the giantpods, swung by thebrawny arms of thebogie man, could havefelled the strongest ofadversaries.

From a culinary standpoint, too, these vegetables ofnursery lore possess Interest. How many of the beansdid the slant relish at a sitting? Was It his wont toserve a whole ox on a bean pod half-shell? Were theynot considered a dainty when offered, steaming hot,stuffed with a dozen fat pigs and half a hundred fowl?

A pity It Is" that the historian was so remiss, for nowthe time has come when California would like to knowthe sizer of the pods and the beans through which Jackthe Giant Killer scrambled Into notice.

California is raisins a few big bean? on her ownaccount^ and she challenges comparisons, old or new.

The beans of the days of Jack may hatve been larger

than those grown in the garden of Charles Richardson, InPasadena, but who Is to prove 11?

Proof lacking, Richardson sets up the contention thaihe and California have beaten the world on beans, and itlooks that way.

Depending from vines twenty-five feet long Mr. Rich-ardson can show bean pods measuring from thirty toforty-three Inches. The beans themselves are as large asan ordinary, hen"s egg. , j

In spite of thetr size, both pods and beans are sweetand tender. They are rated as a delicacy on Pasadenatables.

One shelrof beans, served upon a long platter, Is suf-ficient at a-meal for a family of five or six persons. Twoof the beans themselves are considered "a fliler," with afew less substantial dishes on the side.

Mealy and sweet, they possess many of the character-istics of nut food.

The vines bear prolifically. It Is estimated that fifty

plants in a thirty-foot row, as shown in the accompany-ing vie,w, bore ten thousand-beans. They hang in wonder-ful clusters. With one sweep of a big knife the gathererof the monster pods may fill a bushel basket.

DRINKERS IN TWO CLASSES==Mlsery and L,Mxtuiry==

BOTH CLAIM THEIR VICTIMS OF LIQUORLONDON, August 17.

WOMEN who drink are classified by the expertsinto two sections—misery drinkers and luxurydrinkers.

Speaking broadly, the misery drinkers comefrom the very poor, the luxury drinkers from the rich.But whatever the cause which first sends them to drinkthe ultimate results are the same—a falling birth-rate, arising death-rate among infants and the physical degen-eration of the race.

Dr. Claye Shaw, a recognized authority, made it clear,in discussing the matter recently, that the evil is not con-fined to the lowest order of society.

"My experience," he said, "is that among women offashion, women who have nothing to do but to amusathemselves, there la a growing tendency to take alco-holic stimulants, and the ill effects of that, both upon the•women themselves and upon their children, are often very\u25a0erlous

"There is a great deal of private drinking. I knowtowns where it is a common thing for young girls to go toa private counter in a confectioners shop and take aglass or two of champagne or a glass or two of port.

"There are confectioners' shops in London where wo-men of position do the same thing. And at home there is•adly too much nipping of spirits in private. It does notetop at that. Many women drink cologne, many use mor-phia.

"Jt is the result of high living, and an emotional,unnatural, excited way of life. All this leads to personaldemoralization and the weakening of character. Some-times it is a step towards the divorce court.

"The trouble is that the women have nothing to donothing to occupy their minds. The happiest marriages

are to be found among the middle classes—the backbone ;of the race.

"In the lower orders a great deal of crime is, beyond ;doubt, due to the drunkenness of parents. The Inhabitantsof Broadmoor, taken as a class, are not big, violent mani- Iacs, but feeble, degenerate imbeciles, damned before theyware born by the habits of their parents.

"In the Bicetre Hospital at Paris 41 per cent, of the ;imbeciles are the children of drunken parents.

"It has been proved by a French investigator thatalcohol consumed by the mother passes, as alcohol, intothe circulation of the unborn child. The infant is soaked '<with gin or rum before it is born, and may develop all !kinds of malformations, physical and moral.

"A woman receives no alcohol when in jail, and Dr. !Sullivan has noticed that when a child is born in prisonthat child 1b usually the best of the family.

"The drunken habits of parents' may or may not be 'transmitted to the children. When drunkenness becomes <hereditary the family is doomed—erratic conduct in the 'second generation, epilepsy in the third, Imbecility and !extinction in the fourth." ;

It is admitted by the scientists that a drunken father 1has not nearly so bad a physical effect upon his offspringas has a drunken mother.

In the north country towns the infantile death-rate isterrible. Dr. Greenwood, of Blackburn, recently informedthe Town Council that 226 out of 1000 babies' born in the !borough did not live to be a year old. i

More than half the deaths in Darlaston are those ofchildren who have not reached the age of five. In Lei- '•cester, out of an average of 60 deaths each week, 20 are !those of children. In Blrkenhead 178 out of eery 1000 \children born die before they are a year old.

The offsprings of drink are insanity, pauper sm epl-lepsy and feeble-mindedness. In London there are 2000 epi-leptics and about 100,000 paupers, and all over the countrythere are 110,000 certified lunatic*.

A MENACE TO HEALTH

THE FLYEVER since the plague of flies in Egypt, and prob-

ably long before it, the common house fly hasbeen a nuisance to mankind, but lately men ofscience have discovered that it is an actual menace

to health.William Lyman Underwood, a lecturer In the Massa-

chusetts Institute of Technology is one of these, and he ;points out just what are the dangers of associating too !familiarly with the musca do'mestica, which, by the way, jis the scientific name of the pesky creature.Dogs and cats, he says, we like to have about us, but !we keep them In their proper- places, whereas the !house fly, which is the filthiest of all birds or beasts,is generally tolerated everywhere. It crawls over hands !and faces, it gets Jnto milk, it walks over sugar and 'salt, over bread and cake, soiling and contaminating !everything it touches.

Flies are a menace to health, says Mr. Underwood, <

because, after walking and feeding upon filth, they can ]and sometimes do carry upon their feet and tongues the ;germs or seeds of diseases, such as typhoid fever.

On the six small feet of the fly; -he continues, and on jhie tongue, there may be thousands of the deadly Imicrobes of diseaee. Once the sctehtist had a glass dish |filled with nutrient jelly. A fly:walked over it, pausing ihere and there to feed. . - - \u25a0 \When its hunger was satisfied it flew away, leaving !no visible sign to show that it had been there, and the !jellylooked as clean and pure as ever. But Underwoodknew that the fly's feet and tongue were covered withbacteria, for he had seen it walk over a spot where hoknew there were thousands of germs

When he examined the jelly through a microscope he !found countless numbers of germa, too small to be seen |With the naked eye. ]

Twelve hours later, the dish having been kept In the |meantime in a warm place, the groups of bacteria were ieasily visible.

During this time the germs had multipliedmany thou-sand times. Each macs now represented a livingcolony,or> ASJ* were > a dty of germs, tfhe" smallest spot which 'could be seen containing many nflMl6ns of them.The tracks of the fly as he walked could be plainly [seen and midway between the tracks in several placeswere a number of small roundetkspots or colonies.These came from the germs ifcarried and planted byVfie flys tongue. The population of one of these colonies Iwas counted and forty-six million* germs were found tod© present.

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