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A.B.M.SadiqurRahman

ProgrammeEngineer

NGOForumforDrinkingWaterSupply&Sanitation

CoastalAreasofBangladeshCoastalAreasofBangladesh19districtsoutof64

estuary

147Upazillasintotal

Exposed 48Upazillasin12districts

Interior 99Upazillas

47,000sq.kmcoastalarea, 32%oftotallandmass

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WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesHandTubeWell

ShallowTubeWell

DeepTubeWellwithDeepSetPump

Shallow/VeryShallowShroudedTubeWell(SST/VSST)

RainWaterHarvestingSystem

Householdbased

Communitybased

PondSandFilter

PondReExcavation

ArsenicIronRemovalPlant

DugWell/RingWell

PipelineWaterSupply

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WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies

HTWatShallowAquiferHTWatShallowAquiferShallowTubeWell(U era uiferwithinthedepth45meter)

NowadaysmostlynotpossibleduetosalinityintrusionandArseniccontamination

pperpoc etaqu ero res waterwithdepth15to20meterforSSTand

6to15meterforVSST) Freshaquiferisnowrarelyavailableandscopeof

changeaquifercharacteristicwithinveryshortperiod

WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies

HTWatDeepAquiferHTWatDeepAquifer

DeepTubeWell(Deepaquifer

DeepTubewell DeepTubewellwithDSP

approx ma e y350 ep me er

Mostsuitablefreshwateraquiferbutexpensive

Fewareasarefeasible

Boreholesealingisimportanttoavoiddeepaquifercontamination

Disasterliketidal/stormsurgeandinundationmaycontaminatesothatdisasterpreparednessliketubewellsealingpriortodisasterisnecessarytoavoidcontamination

DeepTubeWellwithDeepSetPump(wherewatertableisbelowthesuctionmode)

Mainlyintheeasterncoastitisnecessary

OtherssameasDeepTubeWell

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WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies

RainWaterHarvestingSystemRainWaterHarvestingSystem

HouseholdbasedRWHS

Differentsizes(0.5,1,2,2.5,3.2m3 etc.)

Differentshapes,Circular,Rectangular,JarType

Differentconstructionmaterials,FerroCement,Brickstructure,RCC structure,Plastic,Earthen

Canbeused13familiesalltheyearround

RooftopofcycloneshelterwillbetheappropriatespaceforRWH

roper es gncou ensurea eyearroun use

Lowcostalternativeoption

Sociallyacceptableandsuitableforcoastalareas

Extremelyeffectiveconsideringclimatevulnerability

Sometimesbacteriologicalcontaminationoccurred;requiredproperO&M(Rooftopcleaning,disinfection)

WateWaterr SupplyTechnologiesSupplyTechnologiesRainWaterHarvestingSystemRainWaterHarvestingSystem

Undergroundstoragereservoir

Differentsizes10,20,100m3 andsoondependsondesign

Watercollectedusingahandpumpattachedwiththereservoir

Forlargerreservoirusingmotorpump,deliverwatertotheOHTanddistributin

throughpipelinenetwork Communitymanaged

Goodsolutionforsalineproneareas

Primarytreatment(filtration)mightbeintroducedtoavoidcontamination

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WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies

PSFandPondRehabilitationPSFandPondRehabilitationPondSandFilter(PSF)

Surfacewatertreatmentcombinationwithroughingandslowsandfiltration

Handpumpisusedforwatercollectionfrompond

Raisingpondbanktoprotectsalinewaterintrusion

Ponsshouldbeprotectedfromalltypesofcontamination

RegularO&Misrequiredforgoodperformance

Goodoptionforsalineareas

Pond

Rehabilitation Rehabilitationandexcavationponddoneinthe

Aila affectedareas

Bankprotectionisrequired

Goodoptionforsalinityremediation

WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesAIRPAIRP

rsenicIronRemovalPlant(AIRP)

Groundwatertreatmentcombinationofaeration,sedimentationandfiltration

ExistingArseniccontaminatedtube

wellbecomesoperationalandthussaveeconomyratherabandoningthewell

RegularO&Misrequiredforproperfunctioning

SuitableforArsenicaffectedareas

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WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies

DugWell/RingWellDugWell/RingWell

Typesofaerobicwell,reducesmetalcontent (As,Feetc.)ofgroundwatercontactingwithair

Propersanitaryprotectionisensuredratherthanthetraditionaloneattachingwithhandtubewellforwaterextraction

Suitableforeasterncoastratherthan

westerncoastalareas Riskofcontaminationwheninundated

byfloodwater

WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesPipelineWaterSupplyPipelineWaterSupply

PipelineWaterSupply

Sourceisgroundwater/surfacewaterwithtreatment/rainwater

Undergroundand/oroverheadreservoir

Smallnetworkofpipelinefordistributionandasinglestandpostforeachhousehold

Monthlytariffcollectionsystem forO&M Communitymanaged

Suitableforcongestedvillage

Riskofcontaminationislessandafterdisaster,reclamationcanbedoneeasily

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Sanitation

TechnologiesSanitation

TechnologiesPitLatrine

Singlepit(Direct&Offset)

Twinepit(Offset)

PourFlushLatrine(Waterseal,Direct&Offset)

RaisedPlatform

HomemadeLatrine

VentilatedImprovePit(VIP)

SanPlat

PlasticLatrine

EcoSanToilet(Drysanitation)

Clusterlatrine/CommunityLatrinewithSepticTank&SoakPit

SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesPitPitLatrineLatrine

DirectPitLatrine

Lowcost

Most commonandacceptable

Relocationrequiredifnotdeslud ed

Desludgingisdifficult

Scopeofcontaminationduringinundation

Raisedplatformwillbeadaptivemeasure

SinglePit

WaterSealed

WaterSealedwith

PlasticPan

SanPlat

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SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesPitPit

LatrineLatrineOffsetPitLatrine

Userfriendly

Easymaintenance

Desludgingiseasy

Twinpitprovidemorevolumewithoutincreasingdepth

ternat vetw np t oesnot nee relocationandfrequentdesludging

Scopeofcontaminationislessthandirectpit

Superstructurecanbeatthevicinityofthehomestead

Pit

Offset(watersealed)

Pit

Offset(watersealed)

PlasticSlabwithPan PlasticRing

as c a r ne

NGOForumsinnovation

EasetransportationthantheRCC

Ring,slabandpanmadeofhighqualityplastic(PP)anddemountable

Lesswaterrequiredfor flushing

LatrineconstructedwithPlasticRingSlab

,

,

tosalinitywillnotoccurred

Relocationiseasy

Highlyadaptiveinthesalineproneareas

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SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologies

EcologicalSanitationEcologicalSanitationEcoSanTechnology

Environmentfriendly

Reducestressinwateruses

Generationoforganiccompostfertilizerandreduceuseofchemicalfertilizer

Divertedurinecanbeusedforplantnutrition

Platformshouldbeabovehistoricalfloodlevel

Motivationrequiredformakingculturallyacceptable

SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesCommunityLatrineCommunityLatrine

CommunityLatrine

Atgrowthcentre/Bazar/BusStand

Wastedisposalwithseptictank&soakpit

Plinthisraisedandlessvulnerabletoclimatevariability

Scopeofcontaminationisless O&Miscontractedout(Leasingout)

assmallbusinessgeneratingopportunity

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Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

ChangeintheCoastalAreasChangeintheCoastalAreas

ImpactofSeaLevelRise

Source:UNEP

Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

xtreme ventsCyclone&Tidal/StormSurge

Source:CEGIS

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Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

Salinit Intrusion( t line)dueto SeaLevelRise

Source:CEGIS

Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

SurfaceWaterSalinit PatternChan es

200620072008

Source:BWDB,GangesBarrage

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Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

at

dInundationDepth

LevelRise

LandLevel(m

Upstream

flow: Average

Year (Year

2000 flow)

Projectionof

Floo

2100on88cm

SeaInundationDepth(

7.0019.004.00 7.002.00 4.000.00 2.00

0.00 0.150.15 0.300.30 0.600.60 0.900.90 1.801.80 3.60Above3.60

Source:Dr.Nishat

Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

RegionalRiskAnalysisonWaterSupply

Source:Dr.Tanvir ,atall

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Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas

RegionalRiskAnalysisonSanitation

Source:Dr.Tanvir,atall

Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate

intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreasResilienceMatrixofWATSANTechnologies

UndertheConditionofIncreaseRainfall UndertheConditionofIncreaseIntensityofRainfall

Source:WHO,Vision2030

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutionsWaterWater

TreatmentTreatment

Desalination

Reverseosmosis

Solardesalination

Electrodialysis

RunoffCollection&Treatment

UsingInStreamStructure

UsingSurfaceStructure

SemiCommunity/Household

TreatmentSystem

SlowsandFilter

Disinfection/Chlorination

Semicommunitybasedsurfacewatertreatment

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutionsDesalinationDesalination

ReverseOsmosis

Electricityre uired/Sol High Costand

arenergycan

supplement

techoption

Energyintensive

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions

DesalinationDesalination

SolarDesalination

Solarpower

Hightechoption

Costintensive

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SurfaceSurfaceWaterTreatmentWaterTreatment

RunoffCollection&Treatment

UsinginStreamStructure

UsingSurfaceStructure

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions AquiferAquifer

RechargeRecharge

anage qu er ec arge(MAR)

A uiferqu er

Storageand

Recovery(ASR)

StorageTransferand

Recovery(ASTR)

Infiltration

Basin/Pond

RiverBank

Filtration

A uifer

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions

MARMAR

StorageTransferandRecovery(ASTR)

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Usin RainWaterasthe

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions MARMAR

Source(ASTR)

InfiltrationBasin/Pond(Bankprotectionrequ re

RiverBankFiltration

Why

MAR?Why

MAR?

e ucesa n ty ntrus onactsassubsurfacebarrier

Underneathwatertreatment dilutionmakesthesalinewaterintofreshwater

Storing excesswaterforlateruseactsassubsurfacestorage

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FeasibilityofMARDependsonFeasibilityofMARDependson

Depthandpresenceofshallowaquifer Storagecapacityanddiffusivityoftheaquifer(thickness,extend,

effectiveporosity,transmissibilityetc.)

andGeologicalcharacterizes

SalinefreeSurfacewater(??) Brackishwaterwithminortreatment ReclaimedwaterfromWasteWaterTreatmentinthecityareas Rainwater(mostsuitableandavailablesource)

Adequatesourcesofwater to

Thedemandofwater andthefinancialsupportSocioeconomicandFinancial

Resources

NorthSouthCrossSectionofNorthSouthCrossSectionofSatkhiraSatkhira

Source:DPHE_JICA

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SanitationSanitation

Biodegradablepolybag(Peepoobag)

Singleuse

Selfsanitizing

Withoutinfrastructure

Suitableforemergencysituationandurbanareas

Nonstructurebasedsanitationso

no

vulnerability

to

climate

change

Expensive

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SanitationSanitation

Withoutinfrastructure

Feces/Urine inseparatebox

Suitableforemergency

Adaptivetoclimatechangeanddisaster

Moreresearchneeded

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions

SanitationSanitation

FloatingLatrine

Setofdrumsasthereservoirofwaste

Reservoirhelpstofloat,actsasbouncyforce

Drysanitation/urinediversiontoeasedisposalproblem

Suitableforwaterloggedarea

Adaptivetoclimatechange

ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions

SanitationSanitationClusterLatrinewithBioGas

Plant

Forcommunaluse

Suitablewherelandspaceislimited

Suitableforbothruralandurbanareas

Reuseofwasteintothebiogasplantsupplementsener demand usedfor

cookingorelectricityproduction

Animalexcretaneededassupplementaryrawmaterial

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ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions

SanitationSanitationDecentralisedWasteTreatmentSystem(DWATS)

e er, a e reac or,p an e er,po s ngpond)

Forurbanareas,hugeinvestedisrequiredforcentralizedseweragetreatmentandverymuchvulnerabletoextremeclimaticevents

LessinvestmentrequiredforDWATSandlessvulnerabletoCCevents

InCityCorporationandotherurbanareas,wheresewersystemispoorDWATSshouldbeintroducedratherthanwaitingfora

centralSewerageTreatmentPlant. Recycleandreuseofwastewatershouldbeintroduced

consideringseverelyincreasingwaterscarcityinthecoastalarea

ThankYouThankYousadiq@ngof.orgsadiq@ngof.org