Visual dictionary

transcript

Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300Spring 2010

Air Barrier Paper

Air Barrier Paper – an external membrane applied to the sheathing before the veneer is applied which serves as a weather barrier and helps to prevent air infiltration into the home.

Attic Ventilation – Serves to allow water vapor to escape and to allow the hot attic air to escape by providing an intake at the eaves through the soffit vents which allows the warmer air to escape through the roof vents.

Attic Ventilation

Soffit Vent – Allows air into the attic so that the warmer air can be pushed out through the vents placed higher on the roof

Attic Ventilation

Ridge Vent – Allows hot attic air to escape through a gap in the ridge decking

Attic Ventilation

Gable Vent – Allows hotter attic air to escape and prevents buildup of heat conducted through the roof of the structure

Attic Ventilation

Roof Turbine – allows the air to escape by drawing it out through the roof like a fan

Backhoe – Heavy machinery used for excavation in smaller site clearing projects like tree removal and used to dig footings and some basement excavation. Bucket width: 2 ft.

Backhoe

Batter Boards – A temporary frame built just outside the corners of a foundation excavation. They are used to make sure the structure is square and to also carry the lines of a footing from corner to corner.

Batter Boards

Brick Arches

Radius Arch

Brick Arches

Segmented Arch

Brick Arches

Arch with a Keystone

Brick Arches

Centering- formwork used to support masonry units of an arch while under the construction process until all units are in place.

Brick Bonds

Stretcher Bond- is the most simple bond consisting of interlocking stretcher courses.

Brick Bonds

Stack Bond- consists of stacked stretchers; weakest of all bonds.

Brick Bonds

Rowlocks

Brick Bonds

Header

Brick Bonds

Soldier

Brick Bonds

Sailor Bond

Brick Bonds

Stretcher Rowlock (Shiners)

Brick Sizes

Utility Brick – 3 5/8” w x 3 5/8” h x 11 5/8” L

Brick Sizes

Queen Size 3” w x 2 ¾” h x 7 5/8” L

Bulldozer

Bulldozer – heavy machinery used during site prep. It is used to level the dirt off by grading with the front blade and pushing dirt around small areas of the construction site.

Cladding

Brick Clad

Cladding

Stone clad “Random Rubble”

Cladding

Wood Board Clad ”Board and Batten”

Cladding

Wood Shake – small shingle split from a block of wood, which gives a rough texture and uneven depthsWood Shingle – sawn shingle, typically more smooth and uniform; also larger in size

Code Requirements

Windows : minimum opening of 5.7 square feet (5.0 if sill is less than 44” AFF)Opening width 20” minimum & opening height 24” minimum.

Actual Measurements – 26” h x 32” w x 36” AFF.

Total Area : 5.78 sq. ft.

The window meets the code requirements

Code Requirements

Code requirements – Riser Height 7 ¾” maximum, Tread Depth 10” nosing to nosingActual measurements – Riser Height of 6 1/2 tread depth 11 5/8” (less 1 ½ “ riser slant) gives 10 1/8”. Therefore, the stair is in compliance with the code.

Concrete Joints

Control Joint – a designed cut in concrete to weaken the slab at that point in an attempt to prevent cracking elsewhere in the concrete

Concrete Joints

Isolation joints - separate concrete from objects or structures, and allow independent movement without any connection that could cause damage to either object.

Concrete Masonry Unit

CMU – a block of hardened concrete designed to be laid up like regular masonry brick. The hollow cores allow for the block walls to be filled with concrete for additional strength. CMU is more economical for foundation walls than cast concrete, and when laid by a proper mason, one course of block is equal to 3 courses of standard brick w/ a 3/8” mortar joint. A typical block is 8” x 8” x 16” with a 3/8” mortar joint.

Decorative CMU

Split Block

Decorative CMU

Ribbed Block

Flush Door

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Transom

Bottom Rail

Sidelight

Transom – A small window directly over a door Sidelight – A tall, narrow widow running alongside a door

Electrical Components

Underground Transformer Box – Steps down the electricity from a few thousand volts to the 110v / 220v service needed for the home

Service Head – Brings the electricity into the meter and isolates that particular residence through an in-line fuse which prevents the house wiring from interfering with other structures on the grid

Meter – Measures how much electricity is being used

Service Panel – the point where the electricity enters the home. The panel distributes the electricity throughout the home through individual circuits or to other panels.

Duplex Receptacle – where the power is accessed in the home

Framing Elements

Anchor Bolt

Sill Plate

Framing Elements

Floor Joist

Subflooring

Framing Elements

Soleplate

Top Plate

Ceiling Joist

Farming Elements

Unfinished Stringer

Framing Elements

Rafter

Roof decking

Sheathing

Front End Loader

Front End Loader – used for transporting piles of dirt or other material across a jobsite. The hydraulic arms on the bucket allows the ability to place material at a raised elevation – useful for loading dump trucks and backfilling retaining walls. Unlike a bulldozer, a loader has the ability to scoop dirt out of the ground and move it to another location rather than spreading it around an area

Gypsum Board

Gypsum Board – An interior finish board made from a gypsum core sandwiched between two paper faces.

Compressor – compresses the refrigerant gas which gives off heat, thus cooling the air as it blows across the cooler coils at the air handler

Heat Pump

•One main disadvantage of the heat pump system is that it is noisy. One must take into account where to place the outside compressors to avoid noise intrusion into the home.

Heat Pump

Air Handler – Forces the air through the system with the use of a blower fan. Also, cooler air is blown across a heating element inside the air handler to warm it up before distributing it through the ductwork

•One advantage of heat pump systems is that it is the most efficient way to heat and cool a home

Insulation

Batt Insulation is a quick and easy way to insulate walls and ceilings between studs and ceiling joists using strips or rolls of fiberglass insulation.

Insulation

Loose Fill insulation is fiberglass or paper insulation blown into place; used in attics to fill all voids between ceiling joists.

Insulation

Foamed Insulation is a mixture of different chemicals that react with each other; it is spray applied and is the best form of insulation to seal off penetrations completely.

Insulation

Rigid Board Insulation is insulation that is extruded into 4x8 sheets used as exterior sheathing and basement wall insulation.

Lintel

Steel Lintel – A beam that carries the load of the brick wall across a door or window

Mortar

Concave joint – This brick is tooled with 3/8” joints and has type ‘N’ mortar. “Oil Change”

Mortar

Extruded joint – this house has a 3/8” neither tooled or troweled mortar joints, mortar is just applied to brick and squished into place, with type N mortar.

Oriented Strand Board

OSB – a nonveneered panel made up of strands of wood particles which are compressed and glued together in several layers, with each layer oriented opposite the direction of the previous layer for strength

Plumbing

Lavatory – uses 1 ½” drain pipe for sink

Plumbing

Water Closet – uses 3” pipe to drain

Plumbing

Installed shower tub with unfinished green rock and batt insulation.

Plumbing

Vent Through Roof – allows air to enter the plumbing system eliminating a vacuum which lets the water drain from the pipes.

Plumbing

Drop in kitchen sink

Plywood

Plywood – manufactured by gluing thin veneers of wood together, rotating each layer 90 degrees so that the grain in the wood does not run the same in each layer. This provides greater strength and equalizes moisture movementVeneer – a thin layer or facing

Radiant Barrier

Radiant barriers are typically installed on top of rafters or under rafters and is used to block radiant heat from entering the house by reflecting it from the roof through metallic finishes.

#4 rebar (1/2” thickness) is going to be used here probably to join a block or brick fireplace shaft to the foundation of the house. The deformations or ribs in the rebar are there so the rebar will not slide back and forth inside the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter

Downspout

Gutter – a channel which collects rainwater at the eave of a roofDownspout – A vertical pipe for conducting the rainwater from the gutter to a lower level discharge point

Steep Roof Drainage

Splashblock – a precast concrete or plastic block used to dissipate the water at the downspout’s discharge point so not to erode the ground.

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment – A thin layer of waterproof material laid between the roof deck and roofing. It allows to get the house in the dry so progress will not be held up due to inclement weather and protects the building before the roofing is applied

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Material

Shingle – A water resistant material nailed in an overlapping pattern with other like materials to make the roof watertight.

Wood Shingle Roof

Metal Panel RoofGalvanized Steel was used on this roof.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Hip Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge – the level intersection of roof planes “top of Roof”Valley – the sloping intersection of roof planes which water drains downEave – the level, lowest edge of the roof

Steep Roof Terms

Rake – The Sloping edge of a steep roof

Steep Roof Terms

Fascia – the exposed vertical face of the eave

Soffit – the undersurface of a roof overhang, installed to enclose the rafter tails

Steep Roof Terms

No Fascia – house with exposed rafter tails

Random Rubble Pattern

Coursed Rubble Pattern

Random Ashlar Pattern

Coursed ashlar

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder – put in place to reduce the passage of air and water vapor through the building assembly to prevent condensation. It is usually placed to the inside of the building.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing – installed to prevent the passage of water through the concrete or CMU into a basement or crawlspace. This is an example of liquid applied

Weep Hole

Weep hole – a small opening in the brick veneer to allow accumulated water from the building to escape

Welded Wire Fabric

WWF – 6” x 6” grid

Windows

Double Hung WindowWooden Window

Both the top & bottom sash open

Windows

Casement WindowSolid Vinyl window

The window cranks out from a side hinge

Windows

Single HungWooden Window

Only the bottom sash is operable

Visual dictionary

Education