1Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e...

1Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e

Presentation Package for Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6eConcepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e

Section I: Concept 02:Section I: Concept 02:

Using Self-Using Self-Management Skills Management Skills

to Adhere to Healthy to Adhere to Healthy Lifestyle BehaviorsLifestyle Behaviors

All rights reserved

2 Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e

Major Causes of DeathMajor Causes of Death

1. Heart disease1. Heart disease 6. Diabetes 6. Diabetes

2. Cancer2. Cancer 7. Pneumonia 7. Pneumonia

3. Stroke3. Stroke 8. Alzheimers 8. Alzheimers

4. Lung disease4. Lung disease 9. Kidney disease 9. Kidney disease

5. Accidents5. Accidents 10. Septicemia10. SepticemiaThe majority of deaths in the U.S. can be attributed in some way to

unhealthy lifestyles.


Actual Causes of Death Actual Causes of Death (Based on Mokdad et al., 2004)(Based on Mokdad et al., 2004)

02468

101214161820

Percent of Deaths

TobaccoDiet/InactivityAlcoholInfectionsPollutantsFirearmsSexual BehaviorMotor VehiclesIllicit Drugs

1990 2000The data from 2000 show diet/inactivity “catching up” to tobacco but these figures have been disputed. Unhealthy lifestyles are clearly the leading cause of preventable mortality.


What is a “Lifestyle”?What is a “Lifestyle”?

A "lifestyle" is more than the way A "lifestyle" is more than the way we spend our timewe spend our time!!

““Lifestyles” are the Lifestyles” are the behaviorsbehaviors that we that we adoptadopt based on the based on the contextcontext of our life of our life circumstancescircumstances..

Lifestyle behaviors have a major impact on our health


Factors that Influence Factors that Influence Our LifestylesOur Lifestyles

Biological Biological Psychological Psychological PersonalPersonal Societal Societal EnvironmentalEnvironmental


Biological InfluencesBiological Influences

Satisfaction of basic Satisfaction of basic needs is a needs is a pre-requisite for pre-requisite for personal growthpersonal growth

Maslow’s Maslow’s Hierarchy Hierarchy of Needsof Needs Physical

Security

Affection

Esteem

Growth

Self-actualization


Lifestyle

Cultural Attitudes

Spiritual Values / Beliefs

Psychological

Psychological InfluencesPsychological Influences

Values / beliefsValues / beliefs AttitudesAttitudes PsychologicalPsychological

The Iceburg Model:Only the top 10% of an iceburg’s mass is above

the water. The causes of lifestyle behaviors are similarly obscured.


Personal InfluencesPersonal Influences

School and work School and work responsibilitiesresponsibilities

Family responsibilitiesFamily responsibilities


Societal InfluencesSocietal Influences

Power of media Power of media Power of group identityPower of group identity Relative acceptance of Relative acceptance of

negative behaviors negative behaviors

10

Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e

Environmental InfluencesEnvironmental Influences

Access to many Access to many unhealthy options unhealthy options (e.g. fast food)(e.g. fast food)

Lack of lifestyle Lack of lifestyle activity due to activity due to modern modern conveniencesconveniences

11


Stages of ChangeStages of Change

Research shows that people advance through a series of stages as they attempt to change behaviorsWhat stage are you at?

See “On the Web” 02-1

12


Pros and Cons of Physical Pros and Cons of Physical Activity Across StagesActivity Across Stages

0

1

2

3

4

5

Pre Cont Cont Prep Action Maint

Stages of Change

Pros

Cons

13


Factors in Factors in Behavior ChangeBehavior Change

BEHAVIOR

PREDISPOSINGFACTORS

ENABLINGFACTORS

REINFORCINGFACTORS

14


Predisposing FactorsPredisposing Factors

Is it Worth it?Is it Worth it?– Self-motivationSelf-motivation– EnjoymentEnjoyment– Balance of attitudesBalance of attitudes– BeliefsBeliefs– KnowledgeKnowledge

Am I able?Am I able?– Self-confidenceSelf-confidence– Self-efficacySelf-efficacy– Safe environmentSafe environment– AccessAccess

15


Enabling FactorsEnabling Factors

Goal setting skillsGoal setting skills Self-assessmentSelf-assessment Self-monitoringSelf-monitoring Self-planningSelf-planning Performance skillsPerformance skills Coping skillsCoping skills Consumer skillsConsumer skills Time managementTime management

16


Reinforcing FactorsReinforcing Factors

SuccessSuccess Family SupportFamily Support Peer SupportPeer Support Support of Health Support of Health

professionalsprofessionals

Do societal norms “reinforce” healthy behavior? Yes or No

17


Factors that Influence Factors that Influence Behavior ChangeBehavior Change

Lab 2ainfo

Reinforcing Factors

Enabling Factors

Predisposing Factors

Personal Factors:

Maintenance

Action

Preparation

Contemplation

Pre-contemplation(age, gender, heredity, currentlevel of health and fitness)

18


Self-Management Self-Management SkillsSkills

Lab 2b info

A major goal of the class is to help A major goal of the class is to help you develop self management you develop self management skills so that you can maintain an skills so that you can maintain an active and healthy lifestyleactive and healthy lifestyle

Different self management skills Different self management skills are needed for are needed for predisposingpredisposing, , enablingenabling and and reinforcingreinforcing factors. factors.

19


Self Management SkillsSelf Management Skills

Changing Predisposing FactorsChanging Predisposing Factors– Overcoming barriersOvercoming barriers– Building self confidenceBuilding self confidence– Balancing AttitudesBalancing Attitudes– Building knowledge and changing beliefsBuilding knowledge and changing beliefs

20



Changing Enabling FactorsChanging Enabling Factors– Goal setting skillsGoal setting skills– Self-assessment skillsSelf-assessment skills– Self-monitoring skillsSelf-monitoring skills– Self-planning skillsSelf-planning skills– Performance skillsPerformance skills– Adopting coping skillsAdopting coping skills– Learning consumer skillsLearning consumer skills– Managing timeManaging time

21



Changing Reinforcing FactorsChanging Reinforcing Factors– Finding social supportFinding social support– Preventing relapsePreventing relapse

22


Models of Behavior ChangeModels of Behavior Change

Transtheoretical Model Transtheoretical Model Health Belief ModelHealth Belief Model Social Cognitive Theory Social Cognitive Theory Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned BehaviorTheory of Planned Behavior Self-Determination Theory Self-Determination Theory

See Concept 2 ‘On the Web’ (click 03) for details on these theories

23


Strategies for Changing Strategies for Changing Health BehaviorsHealth Behaviors

Monitor baseline information Monitor baseline information Make goalsMake goals Develop plansDevelop plans Monitor progressMonitor progress

24


Hints for Successful Hints for Successful Behavior ChangeBehavior Change

Make small changesMake small changes Reward your progressReward your progress Don't give upDon't give up

25


Web ResourcesWeb Resources

“On the Web” pages for Concept

Online Learning Center

26Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e

Supplementary GraphicsSupplementary Graphics

Lab InformationLab Information

Additional Detail about Additional Detail about the Primary Risk the Primary Risk Factors Involved in Factors Involved in Coronary Heart Disease Coronary Heart Disease

Maps Showing Maps Showing Prevalence of Selected Prevalence of Selected CHD Risk Factors CHD Risk Factors Across the countryAcross the country

27


Lab 2a InformationLab 2a InformationPhysical Activity Adherence QuestionnairePhysical Activity Adherence QuestionnaireReturn to

presentation

Complete the Physical Activity Adherence Complete the Physical Activity Adherence Questionnaire by rating whether items are Questionnaire by rating whether items are very truevery true, , somewhat truesomewhat true or or not true not true for for you.you.

Compute scores for Compute scores for PredisposingPredisposing, , EnablingEnabling and and ReinforcingReinforcing Factors. Factors.

Record your ratings in the chart and Record your ratings in the chart and discuss whether they are indicative of discuss whether they are indicative of your current activity level. your current activity level.

28


Lab 2b InformationLab 2b InformationSelf-Management SkillsSelf-Management Skills

Return topresentation

Complete the Self-Management survey. Complete the Self-Management survey. Sum scores to get composite indicator Sum scores to get composite indicator

of self-management skillsof self-management skills Discuss what skills you could learn Discuss what skills you could learn

that would help you become a better that would help you become a better “self-manager”“self-manager”

Discuss what self-managementDiscuss what self-managementis needed for other behaviorsis needed for other behaviors

29


CVD Risk FactorsCVD Risk Factors

Non-modifiableNon-modifiable– sexsex– ageage– heredityheredity

ModifiableModifiable– smokingsmoking– hypertensionhypertension– cholesterol cholesterol – physical inactivityphysical inactivity

The four major risk factors for CHD are all related to lifestyle

behaviors.

30


Primary Behaviors Involved Primary Behaviors Involved in Reducing Risks of CHDin Reducing Risks of CHD

Don't smokeDon't smoke Perform regular physical activityPerform regular physical activity Eat a low fat dietEat a low fat diet

Click through next slides to see the impact of these

behaviors on overall rates of CHD in the United States.

31


Rates of Cardiovascular Rates of Cardiovascular Disease in the U.S. by StateDisease in the U.S. by State

Quartiles of Age-AdjustedDeath RatesDue to CVD

Source: American Heart Association

32


Smoking Levels in the Smoking Levels in the U.S. by State U.S. by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)

source: MMWR 1996; 45(No ss-6)

Quartiles ofSmoking

Status

33


Cholesterol Levels in the Cholesterol Levels in the U.S. by State U.S. by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)


Quartiles of Cholesterol

Levels

34


Hypertension Levels in the Hypertension Levels in the U.S. by State U.S. by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)


Quartiles of Hypertension

Levels

35


Inactivity Levels in the Inactivity Levels in the U.S. by State U.S. by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)


Quartiles ofInactivity

Status

Return to presentation

36


Diabetes Levels in the U.S. Diabetes Levels in the U.S. by State by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)


Quartiles of Diabetes

Levels


37


Overweight Levels in the Overweight Levels in the U.S. by State U.S. by State (BRFSS data)(BRFSS data)


Quartiles ofOverweight

Levels


Date post:	21-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	marian-higgins
View:	215 times
Download:	0 times

1Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 6e...

Documents